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norm (sociology) | A Wisdom Archive on norm (sociology) | | norm (sociology) A selection of articles related to norm (sociology) | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO norm (sociology) | | | |  norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Politics - Early historyV.G. Childe describes the transformation of human society that took place around 6000 BCE as an urban revolution. Among the features of this new type of civilization were the institutionalization of social stratification, non-agricultural specialised crafts (including priests and lawyers), taxation, and writing. All of which require clusters of densely populated settlements - city-states.
The word "Politics" is derived from the Greek word for city-state, "Polis". Corporate, religious, academic and every other polity, especially those ...
See also:Politics, Politics - A natural state, Politics - Early history, Politics - Definitions, Politics - Political power, Politics - The Normative 'Faces of Power' Debate, Politics - The Postmodern Challenge of Normative Views of Power, Politics - Sociological Views of Power, Politics - Authority and legitimacy, Politics - Traditional, Politics - Charismatic, Politics - Legal-rational Read more here: » Politics: Encyclopedia II - Politics - Early history |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Norm philosophy - Some kinds of norms Orders and permissions express norms. These norm sentences do not describe how the world is, they rather prescribe how the world should be. Imperative sentences are the most obvious way to express norms, but declarative sentences also do it very often, as is the case with many laws. Unlike, say, propositional sentences which express states of affairs, the norms expressed are the meanings of these sentences. Those norms purporting to create obligations (or duties) and permissions ar ...
See also:Norm philosophy, Norm philosophy - Some kinds of norms, Norm philosophy - Major characteristics, Norm philosophy - Do norms exist?, Norm philosophy - Norms without expression Read more here: » Norm philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Norm philosophy - Some kinds of norms |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Norm philosophy - Major characteristics One major characteristic of norms is that, unlike propositions, they are not descriptively true or false, since norms do not purport to describe anything, but to prescribe, create or change something. Some people say they are "prescriptively true" or false. Whereas the truth of a descriptive statement is arguably based on its correspondence to reality, some authors claim that the (prescriptive) truth of a prescriptive statement is based on its correspondence to right desire. Other people maintain that norms are ultimately neither true or fal ...
See also:Norm philosophy, Norm philosophy - Some kinds of norms, Norm philosophy - Major characteristics, Norm philosophy - Do norms exist?, Norm philosophy - Norms without expression Read more here: » Norm philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Norm philosophy - Major characteristics |
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| | | | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Concept The term was coined by Michael Warner in 1991 in his Social Text article, "Introduction: Fear of a Queer Planet" (Social Text, 1991; 9 (4 [29]): 3-17.), one of the first major works of queer theory. The concept can probably be traced back to the work of Adrienne Rich and her notion of compulsory heterosexuality. In a series of recent articles Samuel A. Chambers has tried to theorize heteronormativity more explicitly, calling for an understanding of heteronormativity as a concept that reveals the expectations, demands, and constraints produced when heterosexu ...
See also:Heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Concept, Heteronormativity - Heteronormativity and patriarchy, Heteronormativity - Defense of heteronormative structures, Heteronormativity - Social and political manifestations of heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Intersexed people, Heteronormativity - Gay lesbian and bisexual people, Heteronormativity - Transgender people, Heteronormativity - Literature Read more here: » Heteronormativity: Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Concept |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Heteronormativity and patriarchy Heteronormativity is often strongly associated with (and sometimes even confused with) patriarchy. However, a patriarchal system does not necessarily have a binary gender system, and vice versa; it merely privileges the masculine gender over all others, regardless of the number of others.
Still, heteronormativity is often seen as one of the pillars of a patriarchal society: The traditional role of men is reinforced and perpetuated through heteronormative mores, rules, and even laws that distinguish between individuals based on their a ...
See also:Heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Concept, Heteronormativity - Heteronormativity and patriarchy, Heteronormativity - Defense of heteronormative structures, Heteronormativity - Social and political manifestations of heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Intersexed people, Heteronormativity - Gay lesbian and bisexual people, Heteronormativity - Transgender people, Heteronormativity - Literature Read more here: » Heteronormativity: Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Heteronormativity and patriarchy |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Defense of heteronormative structures Heteronormativity is a way of describing social structures built around a certain gender model. Challenges to the label may result from a belief that the description of a structure as heteronormative implies that the normative structure is inherently wrong. One of the most common criticisms of the concept of heteronormativity is that it is politically correct. A well-known recent example of this was a March 11, 2005, FOX News story which referred to the debate over a heteronormative comment made by actress Jada Pinkett Smith at Harvard Unive ...
See also:Heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Concept, Heteronormativity - Heteronormativity and patriarchy, Heteronormativity - Defense of heteronormative structures, Heteronormativity - Social and political manifestations of heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Intersexed people, Heteronormativity - Gay lesbian and bisexual people, Heteronormativity - Transgender people, Heteronormativity - Literature Read more here: » Heteronormativity: Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Defense of heteronormative structures |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Social and political manifestations of heteronormativity There are many things that are often pointed to to illustrate the concept of heteronormativity, both historically and in contemporary society.
Heteronormativity - Intersexed people.
Intersexed people have biological characteristics which are not unambigously either male or female. If such a condition is detected, intersexed people are almost always assigned a gender at birth. Surgery (usually involving modification to the genitalia) is often performed to produce an unambiguously male or female body, withou ...
See also:Heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Concept, Heteronormativity - Heteronormativity and patriarchy, Heteronormativity - Defense of heteronormative structures, Heteronormativity - Social and political manifestations of heteronormativity, Heteronormativity - Intersexed people, Heteronormativity - Gay lesbian and bisexual people, Heteronormativity - Transgender people, Heteronormativity - Literature Read more here: » Heteronormativity: Encyclopedia II - Heteronormativity - Social and political manifestations of heteronormativity |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Etiquette - Norms and effects of etiquette Etiquette fundamentally prescribes and restricts the ways in which people interact with each other, and show their respect for other people by conforming to the norms of society. Modern Western etiquette instructs us to: greet friends and acquaintances with warmth and respect, refrain from insults and prying curiosity, offer hospitality equally and generously to our guests, wear clothing suited to the occasion, contribute to conversations without dominating them, offer a chair or a helping arm to those who need assistance, eat neatly and qui ...
See also:Etiquette, Etiquette - Norms and effects of etiquette, Etiquette - Manners, Etiquette - Cultural differences, Etiquette - Common norms of etiquette, Etiquette - Ritual occasions, Etiquette - Etiquette and language Read more here: » Etiquette: Encyclopedia II - Etiquette - Norms and effects of etiquette |
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| | | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Etiquette - Cultural differences Etiquette is dependent on culture; what is excellent etiquette in one society may shock in another. Etiquette evolves within culture. The Dutch painter Andries Both shows that the hunt for head lice (illustration, right), which had been a civilized grooming occupation in the early Middle Ages, a bonding experience that reinforceed the comparative rank of two people, one groomed, one groomer, had become a peasant occupation by 1630. The painter portrays the familiar operation matter-of-factly, without the sarcasm this subject wou ...
See also:Etiquette, Etiquette - Norms and effects of etiquette, Etiquette - Manners, Etiquette - Cultural differences, Etiquette - Common norms of etiquette, Etiquette - Ritual occasions, Etiquette - Etiquette and language Read more here: » Etiquette: Encyclopedia II - Etiquette - Cultural differences |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Etiquette - Common norms of etiquette Though etiquette depends on culture, some expectations are widely shared.
Say "please" when you need something from someone else, even if this person is your subordinate.
Say "thank you" to people who help you, even if this person is your subordinate. Often, writing a note of thanks gains you significant emotional capital.
Say "I'm sorry" when you have injured someone inadvertently, or when you have injured someone intentionally and need to reconcile.
When someone has injured you, but says "I'm sorry," try to forgive the person. You can do this b ...
See also:Etiquette, Etiquette - Norms and effects of etiquette, Etiquette - Manners, Etiquette - Cultural differences, Etiquette - Common norms of etiquette, Etiquette - Ritual occasions, Etiquette - Etiquette and language Read more here: » Etiquette: Encyclopedia II - Etiquette - Common norms of etiquette |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Antipositivism - Evolution of the concept Antipositivism evolved in the 19th century, when sociological positivism and sociological naturalism begun to be questioned by scientists like Wilhelm Dilthey and Heinrich Rickert, who argued that the world of nature is not the same as the world of society, as human societies have unique aspects like meanings, symbols, rules, norms, and values—all that can be described as the culture.
This view was further developed by Max Weber, who introduced the term antipositivism (also known as humanistic sociology). According to this view, clo ...
See also:Antipositivism, Antipositivism - Evolution of the concept, Antipositivism - Critique of the positivism, Antipositivism - Overview of non-positivistic approaches Read more here: » Antipositivism: Encyclopedia II - Antipositivism - Evolution of the concept |
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| | | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Family values - Historical perspective As societies have shifted economically from agriculture to industry, extended families have largely given way to nuclear families. Family values, also, do not remain fixed and rigid; they change in response to economic, political, and cultural developments. They vary from country to country, and even between different households.
Before the 20th century, for example, in most places and at most times, the idea of a married woman seeking status and recognition independent of her husband would have constituted a breach of family values. Many societies ...
See also:Family values, Family values - Historical perspective, Family values - Family values in U.S. politics, Family values - Organizations that promote conservative family values, Family values - Books Read more here: » Family values: Encyclopedia II - Family values - Historical perspective |
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| | | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Culture - Cultural studies Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the re-introduction of Marxist thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism. This movement aimed to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist societies. Following the non-anthropological tradition, cultural studies generally focus on the study of consumption goods (such as fashion, art, and literature). Because the 18th- and 19th-century distinction between "high" and "low" cultu ...
See also:Culture, Culture - Defining culture, Culture - Culture as civilization, Culture - Culture as worldview, Culture - Culture as values norms and artifacts, Culture - Culture as patterns of products and activities, Culture - Culture as symbols, Culture - Culture as stabilizing mechanism, Culture - Cultural change, Culture - Propagating culture, Culture - Cultural studies, Culture - Sample list of cultures, Culture - Cultures of contemporary countries and regions, Culture - Contemporary local cultures, Culture - Other contemporary cultures, Culture - Historic cultures Read more here: » Culture: Encyclopedia II - Culture - Cultural studies |
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| | | | | norm (sociology): Encyclopedia II - Culture - Cultural studies Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the re-introduction of Marxist thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism. This movement aimed to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist societies. Following the non-anthropological tradition, cultural studies generally focus on the study of consumption goods (such as fashion, art, and literature). Because the 18th- and 19th-century distinction between "high" and "low" cultu ...
See also:Culture, Culture - Defining culture, Culture - Culture as values norms and artifacts, Culture - Culture as civilization, Culture - Culture as worldview, Culture - Culture as patterns of products and activities, Culture - Culture as symbols, Culture - Culture as stabilizing mechanism, Culture - Cultural change, Culture - Propagating culture, Culture - Cultural studies, Culture - Sample list of cultures, Culture - Cultures of contemporary countries and regions, Culture - Contemporary local cultures, Culture - Other contemporary cultures, Culture - Historic cultures Read more here: » Culture: Encyclopedia II - Culture - Cultural studies |
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