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ninth | A Wisdom Archive on ninth | | ninth A selection of articles related to ninth | |
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ninth, Ninth
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO ninth | | | |  ninth: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - Legality of the ConstitutionOne historical controversy is whether the Constitution was illegally adopted.
The Constitution was originally proposed by a convention which was convened for the express purpose of amending the Articles of Confederation. The Articles required ratification by the legislatures of all of the member states for amendments to take effect. Article Seven of the Constitution, however, only required ratification by conventions in nine states for that document to take effect. Scholars have traditionally resolved this contradiction by arguing tha ...
See also:United States Constitution, United States Constitution - History, United States Constitution - The Constitution, United States Constitution - Constitutional law, United States Constitution - Principles of government, United States Constitution - Preamble, United States Constitution - Articles of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legislative power, United States Constitution - Executive power, United States Constitution - Judicial power, United States Constitution - States' powers and limits, United States Constitution - Process of amendment, United States Constitution - Federal power, United States Constitution - Ratification, United States Constitution - Corrections, United States Constitution - Provisions for amendment, United States Constitution - Amendments, United States Constitution - The Bill of Rights 1–10, United States Constitution - Subsequent amendments 11–27, United States Constitution - Unratified Amendments, United States Constitution - Expired Amendments, United States Constitution - Proposals for amendments, United States Constitution - International influences on the development of the Constitution, United States Constitution - International influences of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legality of the Constitution, United States Constitution - General, United States Constitution - Related documents, United States Constitution - Related Authors Read more here: » United States Constitution: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - Legality of the Constitution |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - The Constitution The U.S. Constitution styles itself the "supreme law of the land." Courts have interpreted this phrase to mean that when laws (including state constitutions) that have been passed by state legislatures, or by the (national) U.S. Congress, are found to conflict with the federal constitution, these laws are ultra vires and have no effect. Decisions by the Supreme Court over the course of two centuries have repeatedly confirmed and strengthened the ...
See also:United States Constitution, United States Constitution - History, United States Constitution - The Constitution, United States Constitution - Constitutional law, United States Constitution - Principles of government, United States Constitution - Preamble, United States Constitution - Articles of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legislative power, United States Constitution - Executive power, United States Constitution - Judicial power, United States Constitution - States' powers and limits, United States Constitution - Process of amendment, United States Constitution - Federal power, United States Constitution - Ratification, United States Constitution - Corrections, United States Constitution - Provisions for amendment, United States Constitution - Amendments, United States Constitution - The Bill of Rights 1–10, United States Constitution - Subsequent amendments 11–27, United States Constitution - Unratified Amendments, United States Constitution - Expired Amendments, United States Constitution - Proposals for amendments, United States Constitution - International influences on the development of the Constitution, United States Constitution - International influences of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legality of the Constitution, United States Constitution - General, United States Constitution - Related documents, United States Constitution - Related Authors Read more here: » United States Constitution: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - The Constitution |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Transportation
Kiev - Local transportation.
Since Soviet times, the publicly owned and operated Kiev Metro system remains the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The metro is permanently expanding towards the city limits to cover the growing demand.
While the other kinds of once public-only city transport have suffered the partial collapse. First of all, this regards the public bus service that operates the weared-out units and fails to maintain schedules. Publi ...
See also:Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv? Read more here: » Kiev: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Transportation |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Germanic origins The most important shaping force on Old English was its Germanic heritage in vocabulary, sentence structure and grammar that it shared with its sister languages in continental Europe. Some of these features were specific to the West Germanic language family to which Old English belongs, while some other features were inherited from the Proto-Germanic language from which all Germanic languages are believed to have been derived.
Though many of these links with the other Germanic languages have since been obscured by later linguistic inf ...
See also:Old English language, Old English language - Germanic origins, Old English language - Latin influence, Old English language - Viking influence, Old English language - Celtic influence, Old English language - Dialects, Old English language - Phonology, Old English language - Standardised orthography, Old English language - The alphabet, Old English language - Syntax, Old English language - Morphology, Old English language - Sample text Read more here: » Old English language: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Germanic origins |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath In the thirteenth century, fresh invading Mongol hordes pushed the eastern Alans further south into the Caucasus, where they mixed with native Caucasian groups and successively formed three territorial entities each with different developments. Digor in the west came under Kabard and Islamic influence. Tuallag in the southernmost region became part of what is now Georgia, and Iron, the northernmost group, came under Russian rule after 1767, which strengthened Orthodox Christianity consider ...
See also:Alans, Alans - Name, Alans - Early Alans, Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals, Alans - Alans and Slavs, Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns, Alans - Medieval Alania, Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath Read more here: » Alans: Encyclopedia II - Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Latin influence A large percentage of the educated and literate population (monks, clerics, etc.) were competent in Latin, which was then the prevalent lingua franca of Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the entry of individual Latin words into Old English based on which patterns of linguistic change they have undergone, though this is not always reliable. There were at least three notable periods of Latin influence. The first occurred before the ancestral Saxons left continental Europe for England. The second began when t ...
See also:Old English language, Old English language - Germanic origins, Old English language - Latin influence, Old English language - Viking influence, Old English language - Celtic influence, Old English language - Dialects, Old English language - Phonology, Old English language - Standardised orthography, Old English language - The alphabet, Old English language - Syntax, Old English language - Morphology, Old English language - Sample text Read more here: » Old English language: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Latin influence |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Dialects To further complicate matters, Old English was rich in dialect forms. The four main dialect forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian (known collectively as Anglian), Kentish, and West Saxon. Each of these dialects were associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, all of Northumbria and most of Mercia were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia and all of Kent that were both success ...
See also:Old English language, Old English language - Germanic origins, Old English language - Latin influence, Old English language - Viking influence, Old English language - Celtic influence, Old English language - Dialects, Old English language - Phonology, Old English language - Standardised orthography, Old English language - The alphabet, Old English language - Syntax, Old English language - Morphology, Old English language - Sample text Read more here: » Old English language: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Dialects |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Syntax As a West Germanic language, Old English syntax has a great deal of common ground with Dutch and German. Old English is not dependent upon S (subject), V (verb), O (object) or "SVO" word order in the way that Modern English is. The syntax of an Old English sentence can be in any of these shapes: SVO order, VSO order, and OVS order. The only constant rule, as in German and Dutch, is that the verb must come as the second concept. That is, in the sentence 'in the town, we ate some food', it could appear as 'in the town, ate we some food', or 'i ...
See also:Old English language, Old English language - Germanic origins, Old English language - Latin influence, Old English language - Viking influence, Old English language - Celtic influence, Old English language - Dialects, Old English language - Phonology, Old English language - Standardised orthography, Old English language - The alphabet, Old English language - Syntax, Old English language - Morphology, Old English language - Sample text Read more here: » Old English language: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Syntax |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Phonology The inventory of Old English surface phones, as usually reconstructed, is as follows.
The sounds marked in parentheses are allophones:
[dʒ] is an allophone of /j/ occurring after /n/ and when geminated
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ occurring before ...
See also:Old English language, Old English language - Germanic origins, Old English language - Latin influence, Old English language - Viking influence, Old English language - Celtic influence, Old English language - Dialects, Old English language - Phonology, Old English language - Standardised orthography, Old English language - The alphabet, Old English language - Syntax, Old English language - Morphology, Old English language - Sample text Read more here: » Old English language: Encyclopedia II - Old English language - Phonology |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Alans - Medieval Alania In the 8th century a consolidated Alan kingdom, referred to in sources of the period[citation needed] as Alania, emerged in the northern Caucasus Mountains, roughly in the location of modern Circassia and Ossetia. Its capital was Maghas, and it controlled the vital trade route through the Darial Pass. At times it had an outlet to the sea via the ancient port city of Phasis.
In the 800's, the Alan kingdom in the Caucasus fell under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate. They were staunch allies of the Khazar ...
See also:Alans, Alans - Name, Alans - Early Alans, Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals, Alans - Alans and Slavs, Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns, Alans - Medieval Alania, Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath Read more here: » Alans: Encyclopedia II - Alans - Medieval Alania |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns Some of the other Alani, who remained under the rule of the Huns, were among the federates at the Battle of the Halys River, in Anatolia, 430. These 'eastern' Alans are said to be ancestors of the modern Ossetians of the Caucasus.
Those of the eastern division, though dispersed about the steppes until late medieval times, were forced by fresh invading hordes into the Caucasus, where they remain as the Ossetians. Their most famous leader was Aspar, the magister militum of the Byzantine Empire during the 460s. They formed a network of trib ...
See also:Alans, Alans - Name, Alans - Early Alans, Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals, Alans - Alans and Slavs, Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns, Alans - Medieval Alania, Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath Read more here: » Alans: Encyclopedia II - Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - 9 number - As lucky or unlucky number Nine (九 pinyin jiǔ) is considered a good number in Chinese culture because it sounds the same as the word "longlasting" (久 pinyin jiǔ). The Japanese consider 9 to be unlucky, however.
According to Anton Szandor LaVey, as written on his book The Satanic Rituals, 9 is the number of Satan.
In Thai language, the word for nine, 'gao', is the same as the verb for 'to develop or progress'. ...
See also:9 number, 9 number - In mathematics, 9 number - In numeral systems, 9 number - The Arabic glyph, 9 number - As lucky or unlucky number, 9 number - In science, 9 number - In music, 9 number - In sports, 9 number - In technology, 9 number - In other fields Read more here: » 9 number: Encyclopedia II - 9 number - As lucky or unlucky number |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - 9 number - The Arabic glyph
In the beginning, various Indians wrote 9 in a way that pretty much looks like our modern closing question mark, but dotless. The Kshtrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a 3-look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle to enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the @ character encircles a lowercase a. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, and the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that wa ...
See also:9 number, 9 number - In mathematics, 9 number - In numeral systems, 9 number - The Arabic glyph, 9 number - As lucky or unlucky number, 9 number - In science, 9 number - In music, 9 number - In sports, 9 number - In technology, 9 number - In other fields Read more here: » 9 number: Encyclopedia II - 9 number - The Arabic glyph |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - 9 number - In music In music theory a ninth is the ninth note of a musical scale or the interval between the first note and the ninth. A ninth chord is a chord with a ninth.
Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Anton Bruckner, and Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote nine symphonies. After Beethoven died leaving his Tenth Symphony unfinished, many composers were superstitious about writing Ninth Symphonies for the rest of the nineteenth century. Gustav Mahler tried to "cheat death" by writing an orchestral song cycle entitled Das Lied von der Erde instea ...
See also:9 number, 9 number - In mathematics, 9 number - In numeral systems, 9 number - The Arabic glyph, 9 number - As lucky or unlucky number, 9 number - In science, 9 number - In music, 9 number - In sports, 9 number - In technology, 9 number - In other fields Read more here: » 9 number: Encyclopedia II - 9 number - In music |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Symphony - The word symphony The word symphony is derived from the Greek syn (together) and phone (sounding), by way of the Latin symphonia. The term was used by the Greeks, firstly to denote the general conception of concord, both between successive sounds and in the unison of simultaneous sounds; secondly, in the special sense of concordant pairs of successive sounds (i.e. the "perfect intervals" of modern music; the 4th, 5th and octave); and thirdly as dealing with the concord of the octave, thus meaning the art of singing in octaves, as o ...
See also:Symphony, Symphony - The word symphony, Symphony - History of the form, Symphony - The 18th century symphony, Symphony - The 19th century symphony, Symphony - The 20th century symphony, Symphony - Composers of symphonies, Symphony - Symphonies by number and name, Symphony - Symphony as orchestra, Symphony - Media Read more here: » Symphony: Encyclopedia II - Symphony - The word symphony |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Alans - Alans and Slavs Alan tribes living north of the Black Sea may have moved northwest into what is now Poland, merging with Slavic peoples there to become the precursors of historic Slav nations (notably Serbs and Croats). Third-century inscriptions from Tanais, a town on the Don River in modern Ukraine, mention a nearby Alan tribe called the Choroatos or Chorouatos. The historian Ptolemy identifies the 'Serboi' as a Sarmatian tribe who lived north of the Caucasus, and other sources identify the Serboi as an Alan tribe in t ...
See also:Alans, Alans - Name, Alans - Early Alans, Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals, Alans - Alans and Slavs, Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns, Alans - Medieval Alania, Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath Read more here: » Alans: Encyclopedia II - Alans - Alans and Slavs |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals About 370 the Alans were overwhelmed by the Huns. They were divided into several groups, some of whom fled westward. A portion of these 'western' Alani joined the Germanic nations of Vandals and Sueves in their invasion of Roman Gaul. Gregory of Tours mentions in his Liber historiae Francorum ("The book of the history of the Franks") that the Alan king Respendial saved the day for the Vandals in an armed encounter with the Franks at the crossing of the Rhine (c. 407). According to Gregory, another group of Alans, led by Goar, crossed the Rhine at the same tim ...
See also:Alans, Alans - Name, Alans - Early Alans, Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals, Alans - Alans and Slavs, Alans - The 'eastern' Alans and Huns, Alans - Medieval Alania, Alans - The Mongol Invasions and their aftermath Read more here: » Alans: Encyclopedia II - Alans - The 'western' Alans and Vandals |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - History During the Revolutionary War, the thirteen states first formed a very weak central government—with the Congress being its only component—under the Articles of Confederation. Congress lacked any power to impose taxes, and, because there was no national executive or judiciary, relied on state authorities (who were often uncooperative) to enforce all of its acts. It also had no authority to override tax laws and tariffs between states. The Articles required unanimous consent from all the states before they could be amended and states took t ...
See also:United States Constitution, United States Constitution - History, United States Constitution - The Constitution, United States Constitution - Principles of government, United States Constitution - Preamble, United States Constitution - Articles of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legislative power, United States Constitution - Executive power, United States Constitution - Judicial power, United States Constitution - States' powers and limits, United States Constitution - Process of amendment, United States Constitution - Federal power, United States Constitution - Ratification, United States Constitution - Provisions for amendment, United States Constitution - Amendments, United States Constitution - The Bill of Rights 1–10, United States Constitution - Subsequent amendments 11–27, United States Constitution - Unratified Amendments, United States Constitution - Expired Amendments, United States Constitution - Proposals for amendments, United States Constitution - International influences on the development of the Constitution, United States Constitution - International influences of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legality of the Constitution, United States Constitution - General, United States Constitution - Related documents, United States Constitution - Related Authors Read more here: » United States Constitution: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - History |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - The Constitution The U.S. Constitution styles itself the "supreme law of the land." Courts have interpreted this phrase to mean that when laws (including state constitutions) that have been passed by state legislatures, or by the (national) U.S. Congress, are found to conflict with the federal constitution, these laws are ultra vires and have no effect. Decisions by the Supreme Court over the course of two centuries have repeatedly confirmed and strengthened the ...
See also:United States Constitution, United States Constitution - History, United States Constitution - The Constitution, United States Constitution - Principles of government, United States Constitution - Preamble, United States Constitution - Articles of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legislative power, United States Constitution - Executive power, United States Constitution - Judicial power, United States Constitution - States' powers and limits, United States Constitution - Process of amendment, United States Constitution - Federal power, United States Constitution - Ratification, United States Constitution - Provisions for amendment, United States Constitution - Amendments, United States Constitution - The Bill of Rights 1–10, United States Constitution - Subsequent amendments 11–27, United States Constitution - Unratified Amendments, United States Constitution - Expired Amendments, United States Constitution - Proposals for amendments, United States Constitution - International influences on the development of the Constitution, United States Constitution - International influences of the Constitution, United States Constitution - Legality of the Constitution, United States Constitution - General, United States Constitution - Related documents, United States Constitution - Related Authors Read more here: » United States Constitution: Encyclopedia II - United States Constitution - The Constitution |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Attractions It is said that one can walk from one end of Kiev to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Most characteristic are the horse-chestnuts (Ukrainian: каштани, "kashtany").
Kiev is known as a green city, with two botanical gardens and numerous large and small parks. Notable among these are the World War Two Museum, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river; the Hidropark, located on an island in the riv ...
See also:Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv? Read more here: » Kiev: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Attractions |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Modern Kiev Like many other large cities of the former Soviet Union, modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the buildings to the stores to the people themselves. Experiencing a fast growth rate between the 1970s and the mid-'90s, the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millenium. As a result, Kiev's "downtown" is a dotted picture of new, modern buildings (known as novostroika) amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing while p ...
See also:Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv? Read more here: » Kiev: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Modern Kiev |
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| | | | | ninth: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv? Kiev is the traditional English name for the city, but the Ukrainianized version Kyiv is gaining usage. The earliest known English-language reference is to Kiovia, in English traveller Joseph Marshall's book Travels (London, 1772).
The name Kiev was used in print as early as 1823 in the English travelogue New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea by way of Kiev, by Mary Holderness. By 1883, the Oxford English Dictionary included Kiev in a quotation. This name was established on the ba ...
See also:Kiev, Kiev - Geography and climate, Kiev - History, Kiev - Legal status and local government, Kiev - Subdivisions of Kiev, Kiev - Modern Kiev, Kiev - Structures, Kiev - Transportation, Kiev - Local transportation, Kiev - Railways, Kiev - Air, Kiev - Attractions, Kiev - Views of Kiev, Kiev - Universities, Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv? Read more here: » Kiev: Encyclopedia II - Kiev - Kiev or Kyiv? |
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