Nicomachean Ethics

Secular perennialism is a relatively new philosophy dating from only the mid-19th century. It has been supported by Mortimer Adler and Robert Hutchins. Secular perennialists emphasize the importance of learning to reason. They argue that accurate, independent reasoning is the greatest difference between a developed mind and an undeveloped mind. Thus, it should be a major goal of education. They advocate teaching reasoning by means of a directed reading list of great books of the Western canon, supplement ...

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Educational perennialism, Educational perennialism - Secular perennialism, Educational perennialism - Religious perennialism, Educational perennialism - Colleges exemplifying this philosophy

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Main articles: Spirituality, Religion, and Human nature Humans apply different approaches to attempt to answer fundamental questions about topics like the nature of the universe (cosmology), its creation (cosmogony) and destruction (eschatology), and our place in it — who we are, why we are here, what happens after life, and more. Broadly speaking, these questions can be addressed and beliefs formed from a number of approaches and perspectives, such as religion, science, philosophy ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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Main articles: Culture of human beings and Culture Culture is defined here as a set of distinctive material, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual features of a social group, including art, literature, lifestyles, value systems, traditions, rituals, and beliefs. Culture consists of at least three elements: values, social norms, and artifacts. A culture's values define what it holds to be important. Norms are expectations of how people ought to behave. Artifacts — things, or material culture — derive from the culture's values and norms together with its understandin ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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In general, the word "people" is a collective or plural term for any specific group of individual persons. However, when used to refer to a group of humans possessing a common ethnic, cultural or national unitary characteristic or identity, "people" is a singular count noun, and as such takes an "s" in the plural (examples: "the English-speaking peoples of the world", "the indigenous peoples of Brazil"). Juvenile males are called boys, adult males men, juvenile females girls, and adult females women. Humans are commonly referred to as ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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Aristotle defines philosophy in terms of essence, saying that philosophy is "the science of the universal essence of that which is actual". Plato had defined it as the "science of the idea", meaning by idea what we should call the unconditional basis of phenomena. Both pupil and master regard philosophy as concerned with the universal; Aristotle, however, finds the universal in particular things, and called it the essence of things, while Plato finds that the universal exists apart from particular things, and is related to them as their prot ...

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Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

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Main articles: Mind and Consciousness Consciousness is a state of mind, said to possess qualities such as, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and one's environment. The way in which the world is experienced is the subject of much debate and research in philosophy of mind, psychology, brain biology, neu ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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Aristotle has been criticised on several grounds. His analysis of procreation is frequently criticised on the grounds that it presupposes an active, ensouling masculine element bringing life to an inert, passive, lumpen female element; it is on these grounds that some feminist critics refer to Aristotle as a misogynist. At times, the objections that Aristotle raises against the arguments of his own teacher, Plato, appear to rely on faulty interpretations of those arguments. Although Aristotle advised, against P ...

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Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

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Although some serious classicists spurn the Loebs (which have only a minimal apparatus criticus) as amateurish, and many non-classicists, conversely, are unimpressed by the relatively pedestrian prose of the English translations (necessary because of the desire to remain as literal as possible), the Loeb editions are nonetheless ubiquitous, still the "handy books of a size that would fit in a gentleman's pocket" that they were in ...

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Loeb Classical Library, Loeb Classical Library - Origin, Loeb Classical Library - Reception, Loeb Classical Library - Volumes published, Loeb Classical Library - Greek, Loeb Classical Library - Latin, Loeb Classical Library - External link

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The current English word "soul" may have originated from Old English sawol, documented in 970 AD, which has possible etymological links with a Germanic root from which we also get the word "sea". The old German word is called 'se(u)la', which means: belonging to the sea (ancient Germanic conceptions involved the souls of the unborn and of the dead "living" being part of a medium, similar to ...

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Soul, Soul - Etymologies, Soul - Philosophical views, Soul - Socrates and Plato, Soul - Aristotle, Soul - Religious views, Soul - Bahá'í beliefs, Soul - Buddhist beliefs, Soul - Christian beliefs, Soul - Hindu beliefs, Soul - Islamic beliefs, Soul - Jainist beliefs, Soul - Jewish beliefs, Soul - Other religious beliefs and views, Soul - Science and the soul, Soul - Materialistic Science and the Soul, Soul - Scientific approaches for study of a non-material soul, Soul - Other uses of the term, Soul - Movie, Soul - External references and links

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Humans apply different approaches to attempt to answer fundamental questions about topics like the nature of the universe (cosmology), its creation (cosmogony) and destruction (eschatology), and our place in it — who we are, why we are here, what happens after life, and more. Broadly speaking, these questions can be addressed and beliefs formed from a number of approaches and perspectives, such as religion, science, philosophy (particularly ontology within metaphysics), esotericism, and mysticism. However, these approaches are not mutually ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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Consciousness is a state of mind, said to possess qualities such as, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and one's environment. The way in which the world is experienced is the subject of much debate and research in philosophy of mind, psychology, brain biology, neurology, and cognitive science. Humans, often mentioned with other species, are variously said to possess consciousness, self-awareness, and a mind, the fruition of which are senses and perceptions. Each hu ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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St. John's is located in the Historic Annapolis district, one block away from the Maryland State Capitol building. Its proximity to the United States Naval Academy has inspired many a comparison to Athens and Sparta. The schools carry on a spirited rivalry seen in the annual croquet match between the two schools on the front lawn of St. John's, which has been called by Gentleman's Quarterly "the purest intercollegiate athletic event i ...

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St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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St. John's is located at the foot of Monte Sol, on the eastern edge of Santa Fe. It was opened in 1964 due to the increase in qualified applicants at the Annapolis campus. The College chose to open a second campus rather than destroy the intimate feel of the Annapolis campus. The Santa Fe campus offers students a more secluded atmosphere and better weather than the Annapolis campus, in addition to the vast Pecos Wilderness and Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The college maintains gear to facilitate student use of the outdoors, such as kay ...

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St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books. The same set of Great Books is the basis of the curriculum at both campuses of St. John's College. As of 2005, it is: Homer: Iliad, Odyssey Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, The Eumenides, Prometheus Bound Sophocles: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Philoctetes Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War Euripides: Hippolytus, Th ...

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St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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In 1975, a St. John's graduate gave this description[13] of how a St. John's degree was received by other institutions: Bernard M. Davidoff, M. D., a graduate of St. John's in 1969 and of Columbia Medical School... said the medical schools to which he applied reacted to his unconventional preparation in two ways. "Those who had not heard of St. John's were not impressed. Those who knew of the college generally waived requirements." Like mos ...

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St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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St. John's curriculum has drawn criticism and inspired controversy since its inception. It went far beyond the then-existing Columbia University and University of Chicago Great Books programs in making the Great Books the entire curriculum rather than one of many courses of study, and in extending the Great Books approach to the sciences as well as the humanities. Writing in 1938, just after the first group of freshmen completed their first semester under the new curriculum, Stringfellow Barr^{See also:}

St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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The program involves: Four years of literature and philosophy in seminar Four years of mathematics Three years of laboratory science Two years of Ancient Greek Two years of French Freshman year chorus followed by sophomore year music The Great Books are not literally the only texts used at St. John's. Greek and French classes make use of supplemental materials that are more like traditional textbooks. Science laboratory courses and mathematics courses use manuals prepare ...

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St. John's College U. S., St. John's College U. S. - History, St. John's College U. S. - Notable people associated with St. John's, St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview, St. John's College U. S. - Criticism and Controversy, St. John's College U. S. - Ranking and Reputation, St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details, St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books, St. John's College U. S. - Notes

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Culture is defined here as a set of distinctive material, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual features of a social group, including art, literature, lifestyles, value systems, traditions, rituals, and beliefs. Culture consists of at least three elements: values, social norms, and artifacts. A culture's values define what it holds to be important. Norms are expectations of how people ought to behave. Artifacts — things, or material culture — derive from the culture's values and norms together with its understanding of the way th ...

See also:

Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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Note: Bekker numbers are often used to uniquely identify passages of Aristotle. They are identified below where available. Aristotle - Major works. The extant works of Aristotle are broken down according to the five categories in the Corpus Aristotelicum. Not all of these works are considered genuine, but differ with respect to their connection to Aristotle, his associates and his views. Some, such as the Athenaion Politeia or the fragments of other politeia are regarded by most ...

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Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia II - Aristotle - Bibliography

Note: Bekker numbers are often used to uniquely identify passages of Aristotle. They are identified below where available. Aristotle - Major works. The extant works of Aristotle are broken down according to the five categories in the Corpus Aristotelicum. Not all of these works are considered genuine, but differ with respect to their connection to Aristotle, his associates and his views. Some, such as the Athenaion Politeia or the fragments of other politeia are regarded by most ...

See also:

Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia II - Aristotle - Bibliography

Aristotle has been criticised on several grounds. His analysis of procreation is frequently criticised on the grounds that it presupposes an active, ensouling masculine element bringing life to an inert, passive, lumpen female element; it is on these grounds that some feminist critics refer to Aristotle as a misogynist. At times, the objections that Aristotle raises against the arguments of his own teacher, Plato, appear to rely on faulty interpretations of those arguments. Although Aristotle advised, against P ...

See also:

Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia II - Aristotle - Aristotle's critics

Although Aristotle wrote several works on ethics, the major one was the Nicomachean Ethics, which is considered one of Aristotle's greatest works; it discusses virtues. The ten books which comprise it are based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum and were either edited by or dedicated to Aristotle's son, Nicomachus. Aristotle believed that ethical knowledge is not certain knowledge (like metaphysics and epistemology) but is general knowledge. Also, as it is not a theoretical discipline, he thought a person ha ...

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Aristotle, Aristotle - Biography, Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy, Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor, Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum, Aristotle - Methodology, Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology, Aristotle - Logic, Aristotle - Science, Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics, Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes, Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts, Aristotle - Modes of causation, Aristotle - Chance, Aristotle - The Five Elements, Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics, Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotle - Aristotle's critics, Aristotle - The Loss of his works, Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake, Aristotle - Bibliography, Aristotle - Major works, Aristotle - Specific editions, Aristotle - Named for Aristotle

Read more here: » Aristotle: Encyclopedia II - Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics