niacin

Triglycerides (also known as triacylglycerols or triacylglycerides) are glycerides in which the glycerol is esterified with three fatty acids. They are the main constituent of vegetable oil and animal fats. Triglyceride - Chemical structure. CH2COOR-CHCOOR'-CH2-COOR" where R, R', and R" are long alkyl chains; the three fatty acids RCOOH, R'COOH and R"COOH can be all different, all the same, or only two the same. Chain lengths of t ...

Including:

• Triglyceride - Chemical structure
• Triglyceride - Metabolism
• Triglyceride - Role in disease
• Triglyceride - Guidelines
• Triglyceride - Reducing triglyceride levels
• Triglyceride - Industrial uses
• Triglyceride - Staining

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The acorn is the fruit of oaks (genus Quercus, in the family Fagaceae). It is a nut, containing a single seed (rarely two seeds), enclosed in a tough, leathery shell, and borne in a cup-shaped cupule. Acorns vary from 1-6 cm long and 0.8-4 cm broad. Acorns take about 6 or 24 months (depending on the species) to mature; see List of Quercus species for details of oak classification, in which acorn morphology and phenology are important factors. Acorn - Nutrition. Acorns are thus one of the most importa ...

Including:

• Acorn - Nutrition
• Acorn - Acorn dispersal agents
• Acorn - Cultural aspects
• Acorn - Native American management of acorn resources

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Zizania aquatica Zizania latifolia Zizania palustris Zizania texana The four species of wild rice comprise the genus Zizania, a group of grasses that grow in shallow water in small lakes and slow-flowing streams. Often, only the flowering head of wild rice rises above the water. True rice, genus Oryza, is also a grass; the two genera Oryza and Zizania are closely related, sharing the tribe Oryzeae. Three species of wild rice are native to North America: Including:

• Wild rice - Use as a grain
• Wild rice - Use as a vegetable
• Wild rice - Ornamental use
• Wild rice - Cultural use

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Whole grains are cereal grains which retain the bran and germ as well as the endosperm, in contrast to refined grains which retain only the endosperm. Whole meal products are made from whole grain flour. Common whole grain products include many breakfast cereals, oatmeal, popcorn, brown rice, whole wheat flour, sprouted grains and whole wheat bread. Common refined grain products include white rice, white bread, hominy and pasta (although whole-grain varieties of pasta ...

Including:

• Whole grain - Health benefits

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Kazimierz Funk (February 23, 1884 - January 19, 1967), commonly anglicized as Casimir Funk, was a Polish biochemist, generally credited with the first formulation of the concept of Vitamins in 1912, which he called vital amines or vitamines. Casimir Funk - Life. Born in 1884 in Warsaw, the son of a prominent dermatologist, he studied in Berlin and Switzerland, where he gained his doctorate in organic chemistry at the university of Bern in 1904. He worked at the Pasteur Institute ...

Including:

• Casimir Funk - Life
• Casimir Funk - Contribution to science

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Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels (as well as veins that have been surgically moved to function as arteries). Athēra is porridge in Greek, as the plaque changes have a foamy appearance under high-power light microscopy. Sclerosis denotes hardening; calcification within the oldest, outermost portion of atheroma increase wall stiffness. Some sources draw a distinction between "Arteriosclerosis," "Atherosclerosis," and "Arteriolosclerosis". In these contexts, "Atherosclerosis" is used whe ...

Including:

• Atherosclerosis - Symptoms
• Atherosclerosis - Atherogenesis
• Atherosclerosis - Cellular
• Atherosclerosis - Calcification and lipids
• Atherosclerosis - Visible features
• Atherosclerosis - Stenosis and rupture
• Atherosclerosis - Diagnosis of plaque-related disease
• Atherosclerosis - Risk factors
• Atherosclerosis - Treatment
• Atherosclerosis - Recent research
• Atherosclerosis - Related topics

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Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group Cauliflower is a variety (Botrytis Group) of Brassica oleracea in the family Brassicaceae. Cauliflower resembles broccoli, to which it is closely related, except with very densely packed white flower buds. Only the head of the cauliflower is eaten, a part known as the white curd. This stalk is surrounded at the base by thick, green leaves. Cauliflower is a source of nutritional vitamins and minerals. Cauliflower is most commonly eaten cooked, but it may also be eaten raw or pickled, and is often sold in that form commercially wi ...

Including:

• Cauliflower - Harvesting the vegetable
• Cauliflower - The delicate process
• Cauliflower - Where it is grown
• Cauliflower - Variants

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Black tongue refers to a number of conditions of humans and animals that cause the tongue to go dark. Black hairy tongue in humans is a harmless condition caused by a fungus which grows on the top surface of the tongue. It is associated with the elderly, as well as with antibiotic use. It is more commonly seen in smokers. Black Tongue is also the sweetest noise-rock band ever to hail from New York City and can regularly be witnessed in and around Brooklyn. Blacktongue is a condition seen in dogs, caused by a deficiency of niacin, associated wit ...

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A placebo, from the Latin for "I will please", is a medical treatment (operation, therapy, chemical solution, pill, etc.), which is administered as if it were a therapy, but which has no therapeutic value other than the placebo effect. Placebo - Early use of placebos. Originally, the placebo was a substance that a well-meaning doctor would give to a patient, telling him that it was a powerful drug (e.g., a painkiller), when in fact it was nothing more than a sugar pill. Thus, Hooper's medical dictionary of ...

Including:

• Placebo - Early use of placebos
• Placebo - Modern clinical application
• Placebo - Technical challenges and pitfalls
• Placebo - Ethical challenges and concerns

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A mushroom (Old English muscheron, from the Old French mouscheron, French mousseron (same name in English, for a common kind of mushroom), itself perhaps from mousse, meaning moss) is an above-ground fruiting body (that is, a spore-producing structure) of a fungus, having a shaft and a cap; and by extension, the entire fungus producing the fruiting body of such appearance, the former consisting of a network (called the mycelium) of filaments or hyphae. In a much broader sense, mushro ...

Including:

• Mushroom - Types of mushrooms
• Mushroom - Mushroom structure
• Mushroom - Chemical properties

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Hominy or nixtamal is dried maize (corn) kernels which have been treated with an alkali of some kind. The traditional U.S. version involves soaking dried corn in lye-water (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution), traditionally derived from wood ash, until the germ is removed. Mexican recipes describe a preparation process consisting primarily of cooking in lime-water (calcium hydroxide). In either case, the process is called nixtamalization, and removes the germ and the hard outer hull from the k ...

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Spirulina corakiana Spirulina crispum Spirulina labyrinthiformis Spirulina laxa Spirulina laxissima Spirulina major Spirulina meneghiniana Spirulina nordstedtii Spirulina princeps Spirulina subsalsa Spirulina subtilissima Spirulina platensis Spirulina tenerrima Spirulina weissii Spirulina is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria (commonly called blue-green algae), wit ...

Including:

• Spirulina - Nutritional facts
• Spirulina - Reference

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The Purification Rundown[1], known as "The Purif" within Scientology, is a program of "detoxification" developed by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, involving the use of saunas, vitamins, and the drinking of oils. While it is heavily promoted as a health regimen within Scientology, and in Scientology's rehabilitation program Narconon, the procedure is viewed as dangerous by most medical professionals, as it calls for saunas and vitamins far in excess of what mainstream medicine considers safe levels. The full ...

Including:

• Purification Rundown - Criticisms of the program

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Taro (from Tahitian), more rarely kalo (from Hawaiian), is a tropical plant grown primarily as a vegetable food for its edible corm, and secondarily as a leaf vegetable. Its flowers are more rarely eaten. Taro is closely related to Xanthosoma and Caladium, plants commonly grown as ornamental plants, and like them it is sometimes loosely called elephant ear. Taro and domesticated Xanthosoma species share substantially the same uses, and several names, including callaloo and coco or co ...

Including:

• Taro - Taro production in Hawai‘i

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Many nutritionists consider red meat less healthy than alternative foods because of its high saturated fat content. In some studies, consumption of red meat has been linked with colorectal cancer. The food guide pyramid was criticized for not distinguishing between red meat and other types of meat, and the newer My Pyramid recommends that consumers choose lean forms of red meat. The healthy eating pyramid recommend ...

See also:

Red meat, Red meat - Nutrition

Read more here: » Red meat: Encyclopedia II - Red meat - Nutrition

Atherogenesis is the developmental process of atheromatous plaques. It is characterized by a remodeling of arteries involving the concomitant accumulation of cells (most notably leukocytes such as monocyte derived macrophages) and modified lipoproteins. The ensuing inflammation leads to formation of atheromatous plaques in the arterial intima, a region of the vessel wall located between the endothelium and the media and adventitia. The bulk of these lesions is comprised of excess fat, cells, collagen, and elastin. The plaques initially grow without producing any narrowing, s ...

See also:

Atherosclerosis, Atherosclerosis - Symptoms, Atherosclerosis - Atherogenesis, Atherosclerosis - Cellular, Atherosclerosis - Calcification and lipids, Atherosclerosis - Visible features, Atherosclerosis - Stenosis and rupture, Atherosclerosis - Diagnosis of plaque-related disease, Atherosclerosis - Risk factors, Atherosclerosis - Treatment, Atherosclerosis - Recent research

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The Marmite Food Extract Company was formed in Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, England, in 1902, with Marmite as its main product. By 1907 the product had become successful enough to warrant construction of a second factory at Camberwell Green in London [3]. Today, the main ingredients of Marmite manufactured in the UK are yeast extract, with lesser quantities of sodium chloride (or salt), wheatgerm extract, niacin, thiamine, spice extracts, riboflavin, and folic acid, although the precise composition is kept as a trade secret. By 1912, th ...

See also:

Marmite, Marmite - Introduction, Marmite - Mosquito control, Marmite - Serving suggestions, Marmite - Outlets, Marmite - Nutritional information, Marmite - Marmite in fiction

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Statin - Groups. Two groups of statins exist: Fermentation-derived: lovastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin Synthetic: fluvastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin and rosuvastatin Fermentation-derived statins appear more effective in reducing LDL, but no clear explanation has accounted for this phenomenon. Statin - Mode of action. Statins act by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, the body's metabolic pa ...

See also:

Statin, Statin - Members, Statin - Uses, Statin - Pharmacology, Statin - Groups, Statin - Mode of action, Statin - Non-cholesterol related actions, Statin - Safety, Statin - History

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Tryptophan, found as a component of dietary protein, is particularly plentiful in chocolate, oats, bananas, dried dates, milk, cottage cheese, meat, fish, turkey, and peanuts. Tryptophan - Use as a dietary supplement. For some time, trytophan was available in health food stores as a dietary supplement. Many people found trytophan to be a safe and reasonably-effective sleep aid, probably due to its ability to increase brain levels of serotonin (a calming neurotransmitter when present in moderate levels) and ...

See also:

Tryptophan, Tryptophan - Function, Tryptophan - Dietary sources, Tryptophan - Use as a dietary supplement, Tryptophan - Tryptophan and turkey

Read more here: » Tryptophan: Encyclopedia II - Tryptophan - Dietary sources

For substances with an n- or normal- prefix such as n-pentane that are not listed below, please see the parent page (in this case pentane). For substances with an N- prefix (meaning on nitrogen) such as N,N-dimethylformamide, if these are not listed below please see the parent page (in this case dimethylformamide). n-nonadecane n-tetradecylbenzene Naphthalene – C10H8 Naphthoquinone (Vitamin K) 2-Naphthylamine Neo ...

See also:

List of organic compounds, List of organic compounds - A, List of organic compounds - B, List of organic compounds - C, List of organic compounds - D, List of organic compounds - E, List of organic compounds - F, List of organic compounds - G, List of organic compounds - H, List of organic compounds - I, List of organic compounds - J, List of organic compounds - K, List of organic compounds - L, List of organic compounds - M, List of organic compounds - N, List of organic compounds - O, List of organic compounds - P, List of organic compounds - Q, List of organic compounds - R, List of organic compounds - S, List of organic compounds - T, List of organic compounds - U, List of organic compounds - V, List of organic compounds - W, List of organic compounds - X, List of organic compounds - Y, List of organic compounds - Z

Read more here: » List of organic compounds: Encyclopedia II - List of organic compounds - N