New York-New Jersey English

The Southern American English dialect is often stigmatized, as are other American English dialects such as New York-New Jersey English. However, in recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the Southern dialect. It is spoken throughout the South, originating from the wave of Scot-Irish immigrants who have populated the region. These immigrants brought with them a very distinct style of English speaking, which was then combined with the African languages spoken by the African Americans who were at this time enslaved in the South ...

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Culture of the Southern United States, Culture of the Southern United States - People, Culture of the Southern United States - Religion, Culture of the Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Culture of the Southern United States - Cuisine, Culture of the Southern United States - Literature, Culture of the Southern United States - Music, Culture of the Southern United States - Sports, Culture of the Southern United States - Film, Culture of the Southern United States - Cultural Variations

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The lot-cloth split is the result of a late seventeenth-century sound change that lengthened /ɒ/ to [ɒː] before voiceless fricatives, and also before /n/ in the word gone. In some accents, the lengthened [ɒː] was raised, merging with the /ɔː/ of words like ...

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Phonological history of the low back vowels, Phonological history of the low back vowels - Father-bother merger, Phonological history of the low back vowels - Lot-cloth split, Phonological history of the low back vowels - Cot-caught merger

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In a sense, there is no one dialect called "Southern". Instead, there are a number of regional dialect found across the Southern United States. Southern American English - Virginia Piedmont. The Virginia Piedmont dialect is possibly the most famous of Southern dialects because of its strong influence on the South's speech patterns. Because the dialect has long been associated with the upperclass or aristocratic plantation class in the South, many of the most important figures in Southern history spoke with ...

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Southern American English, Southern American English - Overview of the Southern dialect, Southern American English - Phonology, Southern American English - Grammar, Southern American English - Word use, Southern American English - Different Southern American English dialects, Southern American English - Virginia Piedmont, Southern American English - Coastal Southern, Southern American English - South Midland, Southern American English - Ozark, Southern American English - Baltimorese, Southern American English - Southern Appalachian, Southern American English - Gullah, Southern American English - Gulf Southern, Southern American English - Louisiana, Southern American English - African American Vernacular English, Southern American English - External link

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As an important feature of Southern culture, the cuisine of the South is often described as one of its most distinctive traits. The variety of cuisines range from Tex-Mex cuisine, Cajun and Creole, traditional antebellum fare, all types of seafood, and Texas, Carolina & Memphis styles of Barbecue. Non-alcoholic beverages of choice include "sweet tea," and various soft drinks, many of which had their origins in the South (e.g. Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, and Dr Pepper. In many parts of Georgia, Alabama, Texas and other parts of t ...

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Culture of the Southern United States, Culture of the Southern United States - People, Culture of the Southern United States - Religion, Culture of the Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Culture of the Southern United States - Cuisine, Culture of the Southern United States - Literature, Culture of the Southern United States - Music, Culture of the Southern United States - Sports, Culture of the Southern United States - Film, Culture of the Southern United States - Cultural Variations

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English-language vowel changes before historic r - Mary-marry-merry merger. One of the best-known pre-rhotic mergers is known as the mary-marry-merry merger[4], which consists of the mergers before intervocalic /r/ of /æ/ and /ɛ/ with historical See also:

English-language vowel changes before historic r, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Mergers before intervocalic r, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Mary-marry-merry merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Mirror-nearer merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Hurry-furry merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Furry-ferry merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Historic short o before intervocalic r, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Mergers before historic coda r, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Near-square merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Fern-fir-fur merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Nurse-square merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Near-nurse merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Tower-tire tower-tar and tire-tar mergers, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Cure-fir merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Pour-poor merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Pure-poor split, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Card-cord merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Horse-hoarse merger, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Sound samples, English-language vowel changes before historic r - Notes

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West of the Appalachian Mountains begins the broad zone of what is generally called "Midland" speech. This is divided into two discrete subdivisions, the North Midland that begins north of the Ohio River valley area, and the South Midland speech; sometimes the former is designated simply Midland and the latter is reckoned as Highland Southern. The North Midland speech continues to expand westward until it becomes the closely related speech of California, although in the immediate San Francisco ar ...

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American English regional differences, American English regional differences - General American English, American English regional differences - Eastern New England, American English regional differences - New York City and northern New Jersey, American English regional differences - Mid-Atlantic Region, American English regional differences - Northeastern Pennsylvania, American English regional differences - Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, American English regional differences - Baltimore Maryland, American English regional differences - Pittsburgh, American English regional differences - South, American English regional differences - New Orleans, American English regional differences - Central and South Florida, American English regional differences - Inland North, American English regional differences - The Midland, American English regional differences - Midwest, American English regional differences - North Central American English, American English regional differences - St. Louis and vicinity, American English regional differences - West, American English regional differences - California, American English regional differences - Utah, American English regional differences - Washington, American English regional differences - Hawaii

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Several of the terms in the table below have had semantic drift. For example, the form 'Sterben' and other terms for 'die' are cognate with the English word 'starve'. There is also at least one example of a common borrowing from a Non-Germanic source (ounce and its cognates from Latin). 1: The cognate means 'potato'. The correct word is 'Súrepli'. 2: The cognate means snake. ...

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Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison

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In the century after the American Civil War and Reconstruction, Southerners often identified with the then-conservative Democratic Party. This lock on power was so strong the region was politically called the Solid South. In the last thirty-five years this has changed because of Democratic Party's support for the civil rights movement and the conservative realignment of the Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan presidencies in the 1970s and 19 ...

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Southern United States, Southern United States - History, Southern United States - Geography, Southern United States - Politics, Southern United States - Presidential history, Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements, Southern United States - Culture, Southern United States - Religion, Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Southern United States - Cuisine, Southern United States - Literature, Southern United States - Music, Southern United States - Sports, Southern United States - Film, Southern United States - Cultural Variations, Southern United States - Race relations, Southern United States - Symbolism of the South, Southern United States - Today's South: The New South, Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas, Southern United States - GDP

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The South is known for its love of football. While the South has had a number of Super Bowl winning National Football League teams (such as the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Washington Redskins and Baltimore Ravens), the region is noted for the intensity with which people follow high school and college football teams -- especially the Southeastern Conference and in Texas where high school football, especia ...

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Culture of the Southern United States, Culture of the Southern United States - People, Culture of the Southern United States - Religion, Culture of the Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Culture of the Southern United States - Cuisine, Culture of the Southern United States - Literature, Culture of the Southern United States - Music, Culture of the Southern United States - Sports, Culture of the Southern United States - Film, Culture of the Southern United States - Cultural Variations

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The South has a strong literary history. Characteristics of southern literature including a focus on a common southern history, the significance of family, a sense of community and one's role within it, the community's dominating religion and the burden religion often brings, issues of racial tension, land and the promise it brings, and the use of southern dialect. Perhaps the most famous southern writer is William Faulkner, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949. Faulkner brought new techniques su ...

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Culture of the Southern United States, Culture of the Southern United States - People, Culture of the Southern United States - Religion, Culture of the Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Culture of the Southern United States - Cuisine, Culture of the Southern United States - Literature, Culture of the Southern United States - Music, Culture of the Southern United States - Sports, Culture of the Southern United States - Film, Culture of the Southern United States - Cultural Variations

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Southern culture has been and remains generally more socially conservative than that of the north. Due to the central role of agriculture in the antebellum economy, society remained stratified according to land ownership. Rural communities developed strong attachment to their churches as the primary community institution. Southern United States - Religion. The South, perhaps more so than any other industrial culture in the world, is highly religious, resulting in the reference to regions of the South as th ...

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Southern United States, Southern United States - History, Southern United States - Geography, Southern United States - Politics, Southern United States - Presidential history, Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements, Southern United States - Culture, Southern United States - Religion, Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Southern United States - Cuisine, Southern United States - Literature, Southern United States - Music, Southern United States - Sports, Southern United States - Film, Southern United States - Cultural Variations, Southern United States - Race relations, Southern United States - Symbolism of the South, Southern United States - Today's South: The New South, Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas, Southern United States - GDP

Read more here: » Southern United States: Encyclopedia II - Southern United States - Culture

As defined by the Census Bureau, the Southern region of the United States includes 16 states, and is split into three smaller units, or divisions: The South Atlantic States, which are Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia (plus the District of Columbia); the East South Central States of Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee; and the West South Central States of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas. The region as defined by the Census Bureau currently contains eight of the twenty-five largest metropolitan areas in t ...

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Southern United States, Southern United States - History, Southern United States - Geography, Southern United States - Politics, Southern United States - Presidential history, Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements, Southern United States - Culture, Southern United States - Religion, Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Southern United States - Cuisine, Southern United States - Literature, Southern United States - Music, Southern United States - Sports, Southern United States - Film, Southern United States - Cultural Variations, Southern United States - Race relations, Southern United States - Symbolism of the South, Southern United States - Today's South: The New South, Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas, Southern United States - GDP

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American English regional differences - Northeastern Pennsylvania. The dialect of the Wyoming Valley (including Scranton and Wilkes-Barre) is informally known as "Hayna Valley English". American English regional differences - Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley. Main article: Philadelphia accent The accent of Philadelphia and nearby parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, is probably the original ancestor of General American. It is ...

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American English regional differences, American English regional differences - General American English, American English regional differences - Eastern New England, American English regional differences - New York City and northern New Jersey, American English regional differences - Mid-Atlantic Region, American English regional differences - Northeastern Pennsylvania, American English regional differences - Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, American English regional differences - Baltimore Maryland, American English regional differences - Pittsburgh, American English regional differences - South, American English regional differences - New Orleans, American English regional differences - Central and South Florida, American English regional differences - Inland North, American English regional differences - The Midland, American English regional differences - Midwest, American English regional differences - North Central American English, American English regional differences - St. Louis and vicinity, American English regional differences - West, American English regional differences - California, American English regional differences - Utah, American English regional differences - Washington, American English regional differences - Hawaii

Read more here: » American English regional differences: Encyclopedia II - American English regional differences - Mid-Atlantic Region

The Telsur Project[1] of William Labov and others examines a number of phonetic properties by which regional accents of the U.S. may be identified. The area that is most free of these regional properties is indicated on the map: eastern Nebraska (including Omaha and Lincoln), southern and central Iowa (including Des Moines), and northern Illinois (including Peoria and the Quad Cities but not the Chicago area). It may therefore be the case that the accents spoken in this region are deemed the most "neutral" by Americans. This is borne out in ...

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General American, General American - General American in the media, General American - Regional home of General American, General American - Phonology, General American - Consonants, General American - Vowels, General American - Characteristics, General American - Allophonic rules of General American

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Our earliest evidence of Germanic is from names, recorded in the 1st century by Tacitus, and in a single instance in the 2nd century BC, on the Negau helmet. From roughly the 2nd century AD, some speakers of early Germanic dialects developed the Elder Futhark. Early runic inscriptons are also largely limited to personal names, and difficult to interpret. The Gothic language was written in the Gothic alphabet developed by Bishop Ulfilas for his translation of the Bible in the 4th century. Later, Christian priests and monks who spoke and read ...

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Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison

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A distinctive speech pattern was also generated by the separation of Canada from the United States, centered on the Great Lakes region. This is the Inland North dialect - the "standard Midwestern" speech that was the basis for General American in the mid-20th Century, though it has been recently modified by the northern cities vowel shift. This area consists of western New York State (Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse), parts of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (Detroit, Ann Arbor, etc.), Cleveland, Chicago, Gary, and Milwaukee. ...

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American English regional differences, American English regional differences - General American English, American English regional differences - Eastern New England, American English regional differences - New York City and northern New Jersey, American English regional differences - Mid-Atlantic Region, American English regional differences - Northeastern Pennsylvania, American English regional differences - Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, American English regional differences - Baltimore Maryland, American English regional differences - Pittsburgh, American English regional differences - South, American English regional differences - New Orleans, American English regional differences - Central and South Florida, American English regional differences - Inland North, American English regional differences - The Midland, American English regional differences - Midwest, American English regional differences - North Central American English, American English regional differences - St. Louis and vicinity, American English regional differences - West, American English regional differences - California, American English regional differences - Utah, American English regional differences - Washington, American English regional differences - Hawaii

Read more here: » American English regional differences: Encyclopedia II - American English regional differences - Inland North

Several of the terms in the table below have had semantic drift. For example, the form 'Sterben' and other terms for 'die' are cognate with the English word 'starve'. There is also at least one example of a common borrowing from a Non-Germanic source (ounce and its cognates from Latin). 1: The cognate 'epl(i)' means 'potato'. ...

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Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison

Read more here: » Germanic languages: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison

The "Rebel Flag" of the Confederacy has become a highly contentious image throughout the USA. Although it and other reminders of the Old South can be found on automobile bumper stickers, on tee shirts, and flown from homes, restrictions (notably on public buildings) have been imposed as a result of activism and boycotts. Groups including the League of the South continue to promote secession from the United States, citing a desire to protect and defend the heritage of the South. On the other side of this issue are groups like the Southern Poverty Law Center (SP ...

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Southern United States, Southern United States - Geography, Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas, Southern United States - History, Southern United States - Politics, Southern United States - Presidential history, Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements, Southern United States - Culture, Southern United States - Religion, Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Southern United States - Cuisine, Southern United States - Literature, Southern United States - Music, Southern United States - Sports, Southern United States - Film, Southern United States - Cultural Variations, Southern United States - Race relations, Southern United States - Symbolism of the South, Southern United States - Today's South: The New South, Southern United States - GDP

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African Americans have a long history in the South, stretching back to the first settlements in the region. While some Blacks came to the South on their own and lived as free people, most were captured from Africa and brought to work as agricultural slaves (for more information, see History of slavery in the United States). Slavery ended with the South's defeat in the American Civil War. During the Reconstruction period that followed, African Americans saw major advancements in the civil rights and poitical power in the South. However ...

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Southern United States, Southern United States - Geography, Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas, Southern United States - History, Southern United States - Politics, Southern United States - Presidential history, Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements, Southern United States - Culture, Southern United States - Religion, Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Southern United States - Cuisine, Southern United States - Literature, Southern United States - Music, Southern United States - Sports, Southern United States - Film, Southern United States - Cultural Variations, Southern United States - Race relations, Southern United States - Symbolism of the South, Southern United States - Today's South: The New South, Southern United States - GDP

Read more here: » Southern United States: Encyclopedia II - Southern United States - Race relations

There continues to be debate about what constitutes the basics elements of Southern culture.[6] This debate is influenced, in part, by the fact that the South is such a large region. As a result, there are a number of cultural variations on display in the region. Among the variations found in Southern culture are: Areas having an influx of outsiders may be less likely to hold onto a distinctly Southern identity and cultural influences. For this reason, urban areas during the Civil War were less likely to favor secession t ...

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Southern United States, Southern United States - Geography, Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas, Southern United States - History, Southern United States - Politics, Southern United States - Presidential history, Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements, Southern United States - Culture, Southern United States - Religion, Southern United States - Southern Dialect, Southern United States - Cuisine, Southern United States - Literature, Southern United States - Music, Southern United States - Sports, Southern United States - Film, Southern United States - Cultural Variations, Southern United States - Race relations, Southern United States - Symbolism of the South, Southern United States - Today's South: The New South, Southern United States - GDP

Read more here: » Southern United States: Encyclopedia II - Southern United States - Cultural Variations

Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions. Glide cluster reductions The wine-whine merger is a merger by which the sound /ʍ/ or sequence /hw/ (spelt wh) becomes [w]. The yew-hew merger is a process that causes the cluster /hj/ to be reduced to /j/. The hl-cluster, hr-cluster and ...

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Phonological history of English consonants, Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG, Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence, Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English, Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects, Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting, Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping, Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing

Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions