New France now had over 50,000 inhabitants, a vast increase from earlier in the century, but the British American colonies greatly outnumbered them with over one million people (including a substantial number of French Huguenots). It was much easier for the British colonists to organize attacks on New France than it was for the French to attack the British. In 1755 General Edward Braddock led an expedition against the French Fort Duquesne, and although they were numerically superior to the French militia and their Indian allies, Br ...

See also:

New France, New France - Early exploration, New France - Foundation of Québec, New France - Royal control, New France - Fall of New France, New France - Selected bibliography

Read more here: » New France: Encyclopedia II - New France - Fall of New France

See also:

New France, New France - Early exploration, New France - Foundation of Québec, New France - Royal control, New France - Fall of New France, New France - Selected bibliography

Read more here: » New France: Encyclopedia II - New France - Royal control

In 1524, Italian navigator Giovanni de Verrazzano explored the eastern shore and named the new lands Francesca, in honor of King Francis I of France. In 1534, Jacques Cartier planted a cross in the Gaspé peninsula and claimed the land in the name of King Francis I. However, France was initially not interested in backing up these claims with settlement. French fishing fleets, however, continued to sail to the Atlantic coast and into the St. Lawrence River, making alliances with First Nations that would become important once France beg ...

See also:

New France, New France - Early exploration, New France - Foundation of Québec, New France - Royal control, New France - Fall of New France, New France - Selected bibliography

Read more here: » New France: Encyclopedia II - New France - Early exploration

Military service has been part of Canadian life since the 1600s in New France, where colonists were required to serve in local militia to support regular units of the French army and navy. In the English-speaking colonies, the Royal Navy was responsible for front-line defence while the frontiers inland were guarded mainly by militia. The first militia companies appeared in Nova Scotia as early as 1720; the city of Halifax was itself largely settled by former soldiers ...

See also:

Colonial Militia in Canada, Colonial Militia in Canada - New France, Colonial Militia in Canada - The American Revolution, Colonial Militia in Canada - The War of 1812, Colonial Militia in Canada - The Fenian Raids

Read more here: » Colonial Militia in Canada: Encyclopedia II - Colonial Militia in Canada - New France

After Champlain's founding of Quebec City in 1608 it became the capital of New France. While the coastal communities were based upon the cod fishery, the economy of the interior revolved around beaver fur which was the rage in Europe. French voyageurs would travel into the hinterlands and trade with the natives. The voyageurs ranged throughout what is today Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba trading guns, gun powder, textiles and other European manufacturing goods with the natives for furs. The fur trade only encouraged a small population, ...

See also:

Pre-Confederation history of Canada, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - The First Nations, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - The European arrival, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - New France, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - French vs. English, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - The American Revolution, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - The War of 1812, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - The timber trade, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - Responsible government and the Rebellions of 1837-38, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - Lower Canada - the Patriotes Rebellion, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - The Rebellion in Upper Canada, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - Lord Durham's Report, Pre-Confederation history of Canada - Act of Union 1840

Read more here: » Pre-Confederation history of Canada: Encyclopedia II - Pre-Confederation history of Canada - New France

The Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) is the National Library of France. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. Bibliothèque nationale de France - History. The National Library of France traces its origin to the royal library founded at the Louvre by Charles V in 1368. It expanded under Louis XIV and opened to the public in 1720. Following the series of regime changes in France, it became the Imperial National Library and in 1868 was moved to newl ...

Including:

• Bibliothèque nationale de France - History
• Bibliothèque nationale de France - New buildings
• Bibliothèque nationale de France - Mission

Read more here: » Bibliothèque nationale de France: Encyclopedia - Bibliothèque nationale de France

A quay, pronounced "key", is a wharf or bank where ships and other vessels are loaded. In Paris, it refers to the borders of the river Seine, together with its expressways and bouquinistes (bookstalls). See also. Quay County, New Mexico Connah's Quay, Wales St-Quay-Perros, France ...

Read more here: » Quay: Encyclopedia - Quay

The name Canada has been in use since the earliest European settlement in Canada and likely originates from a First Nations word kanata for "settlement" or "village" or "land". Today, Canada is pronounced /ˈkænədə/ in English, /kanada/ in French. The French colony of Canada, New France, was set up along the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. Later the British colonies along the St. L ...

Including:

• Canada's name - Name origin
• Canada's name - After the conquest of New France
• Canada's name - Selection of the name Canada
• Canada's name - Adoption of Dominion
• Canada's name - French terms for Dominion
• Canada's name - Usage of Canada/Dominion of Canada
• Canada's name - Other proposed names
• Canada's name - Footnotes
• Canada's name - Other sources

Read more here: » Canada's name: Encyclopedia - Canada's name

The Illuminati is the name of many groups, modern and historical, real and fictitious, verified and alleged. Most commonly, however, The Illuminati refers specifically to the Bavarian Illuminati, the least secret of all secret societies in the world, described below. Most use refers to an alleged shadowy conspiratorial organization which controls world affairs behind the scenes, usually a modern incarnation or continuation of the Bavarian Illuminati. Illuminati is sometimes used synonymously with New World Order.< ...

Including:

• Illuminati - Origins
• Illuminati - Alumbrados of Spain
• Illuminati - Illuminés of France
• Illuminati - Rosicrucians
• Illuminati - Martinists
• Illuminati - The Bavarian Illuminati
• Illuminati - History
• Illuminati - Cultural effect
• Illuminati - The Illuminati in popular culture

Read more here: » Illuminati: Encyclopedia - Illuminati

A tithe (from Old English teogotha "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Jewish or Christian religious organization. Today, tithes (or tithing) are normally voluntary and paid in cash, checks, or stocks, whereas historically tithes could be paid in kind, such as agricultural products. There are still European countries today that allow some churches to assess a mandatory tithe which is enforced by law. Tithe - Tithing in the Bib ...

Including:

• Tithe - Tithing in the Bible
• Tithe - Old Testament origins
• Tithe - Tithing in the New Testament
• Tithe - Governmental collection of religious offerings
• Tithe - England
• Tithe - France
• Tithe - Germany
• Tithe - Ireland
• Tithe - Denmark
• Tithe - Sweden
• Tithe - Austria
• Tithe - Switzerland
• Tithe - Finland
• Tithe - United States

Read more here: » Tithe: Encyclopedia - Tithe

Starting in the late 17th century, the area became the site of an extensive trading network among the American Indians of the region through forts along the river valleys as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. The French lost control of the region following the French and Indian War, otherwise known as the Seven Years' War, in 1763, with the portion east of the Mississippi ceded to Britain and the portion west of the Mississippi ceded to Spain. Under Spanish control, the economic activity in the Mississippi basin shifted southward away from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, leading the growth of importance of the ...

See also:

Louisiana New France, Louisiana New France - History, Louisiana New France - Notable figures in the history of Louisiana

Read more here: » Louisiana New France: Encyclopedia II - Louisiana New France - History

For details, see the main articles Second Empire, Third Republic, and History of France. The Long Depression hit a France already burdened by substantial reparation payments to the new German Empire following her defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. The nation was also divided by the civil war between socialists and republicans in 1871. The French government ended free trade and began to pursue colonization as a ...

See also:

Rise of the New Imperialism, Rise of the New Imperialism - Background: Before New Imperialism, Rise of the New Imperialism - The breakdown of Pax Britannica and the rise of New Imperialism, Rise of the New Imperialism - The breakdown of the Concert of Europe, Rise of the New Imperialism - Loss of British comparative advantage in manufacturing, Rise of the New Imperialism - The Long Depression, Rise of the New Imperialism - United Kingdom and the New Imperialism, Rise of the New Imperialism - Amalgamation of Industry, Rise of the New Imperialism - The UK's increased competition, Rise of the New Imperialism - Russian expansionism, Rise of the New Imperialism - Securing foreign trade, Rise of the New Imperialism - France and the New Imperialism, Rise of the New Imperialism - New Imperialism and the emerging empires, Rise of the New Imperialism - Social implications of New Imperialism

Read more here: » Rise of the New Imperialism: Encyclopedia II - Rise of the New Imperialism - France and the New Imperialism

On 14 July 1988, François Mitterrand announced the construction and the expansion of one of the largest and most modern libraries in the world, intended to cover all fields of knowledge, and designed to be accessible to all, using the most modern data transfer technologies, which could be consulted from a distance, and which would collaborate with other European libraries. In July 1989, the services of the architectural firm of Dominique Perrault were retained. After the move of the major collections from the rue de Richelieu, the National Library of France opened to the pub ...

See also:

Bibliothèque nationale de France, Bibliothèque nationale de France - History, Bibliothèque nationale de France - New buildings, Bibliothèque nationale de France - Mission

Read more here: » Bibliothèque nationale de France: Encyclopedia II - Bibliothèque nationale de France - New buildings

At the start of the year he published an account of his life from 1604-1612 called Voyages and on March 29, 1613, he arrived back in New France and proclaimed his new commission. Champlain set out on May 27th to continue his exploration of the Huron country and in hopes of finding the 'northern sea' he had heard about (probably Hudson Bay). He traveled the Ottawa River giving the first description of this area. It was in June that he met with Tessouat, the Algonkian chief of Allumette Island, and offered to build them a fort if they were to move from ...

See also:

Samuel de Champlain, Samuel de Champlain - Early Travels, Samuel de Champlain - Founding of Quebec City, Samuel de Champlain - Relations and War with Indians, Samuel de Champlain - Securing New France, Samuel de Champlain - Exploration of New France, Samuel de Champlain - Military Expedition, Samuel de Champlain - Improving Administration in New France, Samuel de Champlain - Illness and Death

Read more here: » Samuel de Champlain: Encyclopedia II - Samuel de Champlain - Exploration of New France

Champlain returned to New France in 1620 and was to spend the rest of his life focusing on administration of the country rather than exploration. Champlain spent the winter building Fort Saint-Louis on top of Cap Diamant. By mid-May he learned that the fur trade had been handed over to another company led by the Caen brothers. After some tense negotiations it was decided to merge the two companies under the direction of the Caens. Champlain continued to work on relations with the Indians and managed to impose a chief on them of ...

See also:

Samuel de Champlain, Samuel de Champlain - Early Travels, Samuel de Champlain - Founding of Quebec City, Samuel de Champlain - Relations and War with Indians, Samuel de Champlain - Securing New France, Samuel de Champlain - Exploration of New France, Samuel de Champlain - Military Expedition, Samuel de Champlain - Improving Administration in New France, Samuel de Champlain - Illness and Death

Read more here: » Samuel de Champlain: Encyclopedia II - Samuel de Champlain - Improving Administration in New France

Quebec was part of the territory of New France, the general name for the North American possessions of France until 1763. At its largest extent, before the Treaty of Utrecht, this territory included five colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, Terre-Neuve, and Louisiana. The borders of these colonies were not precisely defined, and were open on the western side. History of Quebec - Acadia 1604–1759. Main article: Acadia Acadia was first es ...

See also:

History of Quebec, History of Quebec - Pre-Columbian Prehistory–1533, History of Quebec - Paleoindian Era 11000–8000, History of Quebec - Archaic Era 8000–3000, History of Quebec - Woodland Era 3000–500, History of Quebec - Early French Exploration 1524–1607, History of Quebec - Verrazzano's Voyage, History of Quebec - Jacques Cartier's Voyages, History of Quebec - New France 1534–1759, History of Quebec - Acadia 1604–1759, History of Quebec - French Canada 1608–1759, History of Quebec - British Rule 1760–1931, History of Quebec - Royal Proclamation 1763–1774, History of Quebec - Quebec Act 1774–1791, History of Quebec - Constitutional Act 1791–1840, History of Quebec - Patriotes uprisings 1837–1838, History of Quebec - Martial law and Special Council 1838–1840, History of Quebec - Union Act 1841–1866, History of Quebec - Federal Dominion 1867–1930, History of Quebec - Sovereign Canada 1931-Today, History of Quebec - Modern Quebec 1960–present, History of Quebec - Summary of Quebec's political transformations

Read more here: » History of Quebec: Encyclopedia II - History of Quebec - New France 1534–1759

At this period, the affairs of New France claimed the attention of the French court. From the year 1665 the colony had been successfully administered by three remarkable men: Daniel de Remy de Courcelle, the governor, Jean Talon, the intendant, and the marquis de Tracy, who had been appointed lieutenant general for the French king in America; but a difference of opinion had arisen between the governor and the intendant, and each had demanded the others recall in the public interest. At this crisis in the administration of New France, Fronten ...

See also:

Louis de Buade de Frontenac, Louis de Buade de Frontenac - Early Life, Louis de Buade de Frontenac - First Term in New France, Louis de Buade de Frontenac - Second Term in New France

Read more here: » Louis de Buade de Frontenac: Encyclopedia II - Louis de Buade de Frontenac - First Term in New France

During the summer of 1611, he traveled to the area which is now Montreal where he cleared the land and built a wall "to see how it would last during the winter." Then, in order to increase his prestige among the natives, he shot the Lachine Rapids with them, a feat that had only been done once before by a European. That fall he returned once again to France to secure a future for his venture in the New World. Having lost the support of the merchants in 1610, he wrote a note to Louis XIII to ask him to intervene on his behalf. On Octob ...

See also:

Samuel de Champlain, Samuel de Champlain - Early Travels, Samuel de Champlain - Founding of Quebec City, Samuel de Champlain - Relations and War with Indians, Samuel de Champlain - Securing New France, Samuel de Champlain - Exploration of New France, Samuel de Champlain - Military Expedition, Samuel de Champlain - Improving Administration in New France, Samuel de Champlain - Illness and Death

Read more here: » Samuel de Champlain: Encyclopedia II - Samuel de Champlain - Securing New France

After the British conquest of New France in 1763, resulting in the ceding of the French colony, it was renamed Province of Quebec. Following the American Revolution and the influx of United Empire Loyalists from the U.S., the colony was split into Upper and Lower Canada, sometime being collectively known as "The Canadas". While Jacques Cartier used canadien to refer to the Iroquois residents of the colony, the term later came to be applied to French ...

See also:

Canada's name, Canada's name - Name origin, Canada's name - After the conquest of New France, Canada's name - Selection of the name Canada, Canada's name - Adoption of Dominion, Canada's name - French terms for Dominion, Canada's name - Usage of Canada/Dominion of Canada, Canada's name - Other proposed names, Canada's name - Footnotes, Canada's name - Other sources

Read more here: » Canada's name: Encyclopedia II - Canada's name - After the conquest of New France

On a subsequent trip to France in 1931, he became a part of Gertrude Stein's literary and artistic circle and on her advice, that summer he made his first visit to Tangier with his friend and music teacher the composer Aaron Copland. In Berlin, he met Stephen Spender and Christopher Isherwood, who gives the name Bowles to the heroine of Goodbye to Berlin. The following year he returned to North Africa and traveled throughout other parts of Morocco, the Sahara and Algeria. Throughout the next decade, Bowles composed a good body of musi ...

See also:

Paul Bowles, Paul Bowles - Childhood and youth, Paul Bowles - France and New York, Paul Bowles - Tangier and elsewhere, Paul Bowles - Later years, Paul Bowles - Selected works, Paul Bowles - Music, Paul Bowles - Novels, Paul Bowles - Collections of short stories, Paul Bowles - Poetry, Paul Bowles - Translations, Paul Bowles - Travel writing and autobiography

Read more here: » Paul Bowles: Encyclopedia II - Paul Bowles - France and New York