The surrealist artist René Magritte illustrated this concept in a famous painting entitled The Betrayal of Images, which consists of a drawing of a pipe with the caption, Ceci n'est pas une pipe ("This is not a pipe"). The expression "the map is not the territory" first appeared in print in a paper that Alfred Korzybski gave at a meeting of the American Mathematical Society in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1931: [1] A) A map may have a structure similar or dissimilar to the structure of the ...

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Map-territory relation, Map-territory relation - The map-territory relationship, Map-territory relation - The Map is not the Territory

Read more here: » Map-territory relation: Encyclopedia II - Map-territory relation - The Map is not the Territory

Critics claim that some of his ideas, such as that the energy of food can be measured in Hertz, are pseudoscience, and that the methods are really nothing new, but are simply attractively packaged pieces of existing self-help methods borrowed from other sources, mixed with hyperbole and anecdotal evidence. Critics also claim that Robbins' products are overly revenue-focused; packages such as "Personal Power II" are marketed as complete self-development systems, but critics claim that Robbins frequently withholds information and urges the use ...

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Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins - Philosophy and Ideas, Tony Robbins - Health Programs and Recommendations, Tony Robbins - Techniques, Tony Robbins - Criticism, Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration, Tony Robbins - Media Appearances, Tony Robbins - Bibliography, Tony Robbins - External link

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In May of 2005, Robbins was asked whether he was thinking about running for the United States Presidency in 2008; he replied, "Maybe. It's a very long time till then." Many say that if he ran, it would be for the Republican nomination. ...

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Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins - Philosophy and Ideas, Tony Robbins - Health Programs and Recommendations, Tony Robbins - Techniques, Tony Robbins - Criticism, Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration, Tony Robbins - Media Appearances, Tony Robbins - Bibliography, Tony Robbins - External link

Read more here: » Tony Robbins: Encyclopedia II - Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration

He hypnotizes the title character Hal in the film Shallow Hal. An animated Tony Robbins (voiced by unknown) was lampooned in the controversial Family Guy episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein". ...

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Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins - Philosophy and Ideas, Tony Robbins - Health Programs and Recommendations, Tony Robbins - Techniques, Tony Robbins - Criticism, Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration, Tony Robbins - Media Appearances, Tony Robbins - Bibliography, Tony Robbins - External link

Read more here: » Tony Robbins: Encyclopedia II - Tony Robbins - Media Appearances

In May of 2005, Robbins was asked whether he was thinking about running for the United States Presidency in 2008; he replied, "Maybe. It's a very long time till then." After listening to Robbins books and looking at the people he openly associates with (Martin Sheen, Deepak Chopra, etc.) one can reasonably assume that he would be ideologically disposed to run for the Democratic nomination. In his book, Awaken the Giant Within, Robbins talks about the problems with the ecosystem, homelessness, escalating crime rates, hu ...

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Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins - Philosophy and Ideas, Tony Robbins - Health Programs and Recommendations, Tony Robbins - Techniques, Tony Robbins - Criticism, Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration, Tony Robbins - Media Appearances, Tony Robbins - Bibliography, Tony Robbins - External link

Read more here: » Tony Robbins: Encyclopedia II - Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration

He hypnotizes the title character Hal in the film Shallow Hal. An animated Tony Robbins (voiced by unknown) was lampooned in the controversial Family Guy episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein". Chris Farley in Tommy Boy (1995) references Tony Robbins when David Spade says something very cheesy. He was in the film "Larger Than Life" with Bill Murray. His video is seen playing during the junk yard scene. Men In Black, (first movie): His image can be seen in the background as one of many aliens being allowed to live on earth while being monitored when Will Smith's character is introduced early ...

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Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins - Philosophy and Ideas, Tony Robbins - Health Programs and Recommendations, Tony Robbins - Techniques, Tony Robbins - Criticism, Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration, Tony Robbins - Media Appearances, Tony Robbins - Bibliography, Tony Robbins - External link

Read more here: » Tony Robbins: Encyclopedia II - Tony Robbins - Media Appearances

The relation of body language to animal communication has often been discussed. Human paralanguage may represent a continuation of forms of communication that our non-linguistic ancestors already used, or it may be that it has been changed by co-existing with language. Some species of animals are especially adept at detecting human body language, both voluntary and involuntary: this is the basis of the Clever Hans effect (a source of artifact in comparative psychology), and was also the reason for trying to teach the chimpanzee Washoe Americ ...

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Body language, Body language - Voluntary body language, Body language - Involuntary body language, Body language - Origins of body language, Body language - The importance of body language in groups, Body language - Examples

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Showing one's palms to the listeners may mean openness and honesty, hiding the palms may mean deceit. Moving the hands close to the mouth or touching the nose may also indicate deceit. Pointing with a leg or knee towards another person may mean interest or acceptance of said person. Pointing your body away from the one you talk to means you would rather not be talking to the person and would rath ...

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Body language, Body language - Voluntary body language, Body language - Involuntary body language, Body language - Origins of body language, Body language - The importance of body language in groups, Body language - Examples

Read more here: » Body language: Encyclopedia II - Body language - Examples

Examples of technologies that can be used for persuasive purposes are: Books and pamphlets. Impressive clothing, a method used since ancient times. Louis XIV for instance owned the lace factories which pumped out products useless for any purpose except emulating the King and thereby impressing others. Conventional mass media, such as print media, cinema, radio and television. Presentation software and hardware, such as PowerPoint or Keynote used with a data projector. Subliminal advertising.See also:

Persuasion technology, Persuasion technology - Examples, Persuasion technology - History, Persuasion technology - Reciprocal equality, Persuasion technology - Criticisms of the theory, Persuasion technology - Socio-political concerns, Persuasion technology - Use in business, Persuasion technology - Use in education

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Persuasion is as old as humanity itself, and records exist to show that the available technology of the day has been used to assist with persuasion for many thousands of years, and has evolved over the centuries to become more effective. The earliest persuasive technologies were those that facilitated verbal communication. The first major advancement though was the technology that facilitated books, flyers, pamphlets, billboards and other forms of widely reproduced written and later visual communication. Sometimes these have a profound effec ...

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Persuasion technology, Persuasion technology - Examples, Persuasion technology - History, Persuasion technology - Reciprocal equality, Persuasion technology - Criticisms of the theory, Persuasion technology - Socio-political concerns, Persuasion technology - Use in business, Persuasion technology - Use in education

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Detractors of the theory say that salesmanship, is as old as commerce itself, and persuasion is as old as human interactions. They claim that persuaders have always had the advantage in knowledge, preparedness, persuasion tools, and the researching of persuasive techniques. They claim that even though it is true that persuaders have become better at their art, the recruits have also become more sophisticated. Most people today are critical, even cynical, of persuasive techniques. The imbalance has not changed very much over the centuries. So ...

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Persuasion technology, Persuasion technology - Examples, Persuasion technology - History, Persuasion technology - Reciprocal equality, Persuasion technology - Criticisms of the theory, Persuasion technology - Socio-political concerns, Persuasion technology - Use in business, Persuasion technology - Use in education

Read more here: » Persuasion technology: Encyclopedia II - Persuasion technology - Criticisms of the theory

Derren Brown - Mind Control. Since the first broadcast of his Channel 4 television show Derren Brown: Mind Control in 2000 he has become increasingly well known for his "mind-reading" act. Derren Brown says he possesses no psychic ability and achieves his results by making use of psychological insights. Using his knowledge and skill he claims he is able to predict and influence people's thoughts with subtle suggestion, manipulate the decision making process and read the subtle physical signs or body ...

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Derren Brown, Derren Brown - Television shows, Derren Brown - Mind Control, Derren Brown - Russian Roulette, Derren Brown - Séance, Derren Brown - Messiah, Derren Brown - Trick of the Mind, Derren Brown - The Gathering, Derren Brown - The Heist, Derren Brown - Other 'Mind' magicians, Derren Brown - Other productions and publications

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Whilst Brown must be deemed a great success as a 'psychological magician' by the yardstick of media exposure and television appearances, he is not alone in pioneering or originating this form of entertainment. From the 1990s onwards American psychologist turned entertainer Marc Salem has appeared with his project 'Mind Games' to critical acclaim on both sides of the Atlantic, in the theatre as well as on television. British-Dutch magician David Berglas was a household name in the 1960s and early 1970s with his intense, interactive television shows which drew heavily on his trainin ...

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Derren Brown, Derren Brown - Television shows, Derren Brown - Mind Control, Derren Brown - Russian Roulette, Derren Brown - Séance, Derren Brown - Messiah, Derren Brown - Trick of the Mind, Derren Brown - The Gathering, Derren Brown - The Heist, Derren Brown - Other 'Mind' magicians, Derren Brown - Other productions and publications

Read more here: » Derren Brown: Encyclopedia II - Derren Brown - Other 'Mind' magicians

He has written two books on magic, Absolute Magic and Pure Effect. Absolute Magic is not so much about magical methodology as about how magicians can make their performances magical; it is written in a variety of styles, sometimes humorous, sometimes serious, but always thought provoking. He warns against an act that conveys the feeling of "Here are some tricks I've bought" and urges magicians to make their performances experiential and memorable by involving the audience. In some respects a lot of what he says is ...

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Derren Brown, Derren Brown - Television shows, Derren Brown - Mind Control, Derren Brown - Russian Roulette, Derren Brown - Séance, Derren Brown - Messiah, Derren Brown - Trick of the Mind, Derren Brown - The Gathering, Derren Brown - The Heist, Derren Brown - Other 'Mind' magicians, Derren Brown - Other productions and publications

Read more here: » Derren Brown: Encyclopedia II - Derren Brown - Other productions and publications

The movement is sometimes considered to be under the broader umbrella of the New Age movement. It is distinguished ideologically from other New Age trends by an emphasis on the individual development of secular human capabilities as opposed to the more spiritual views within the movement. However, participants rarely make this distinction and it is common to find that most who embrace the ideas of the human potential movement also tend to embrace the other more spiritual ideas within the New Age movement. It is in many ways the progenito ...

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Human Potential Movement, Human Potential Movement - Roots, Human Potential Movement - Relationship to other fields, Human Potential Movement - Esalen, Human Potential Movement - Criticism, Human Potential Movement - Notable figures

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The movement has received criticism in two forms. The first is from researchers in psychology, medicine, and science who often dismiss the movement as being grounded in pseudoscience, overusing psychobabble, and whose efficacy can be explained entirely by placebo. This criticism was expressed by Richard Feynman's response to his visit at Esalen. However, a technique may still be useful despite a pseudoscientific or religious background. The crucial point is whether critics are correct in asserting that the techniques of the human pote ...

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Human Potential Movement, Human Potential Movement - Roots, Human Potential Movement - Relationship to other fields, Human Potential Movement - Esalen, Human Potential Movement - Criticism, Human Potential Movement - Notable figures

Read more here: » Human Potential Movement: Encyclopedia II - Human Potential Movement - Criticism

Erickson's personal history is remarkable, and he frequently drew upon his own experiences to provide examples of the power of the unconscious mind. He was largely self-taught and a great many of his anecdotal and autobiographical teaching stories are collected by Sydney Rosen in the book My Voice Will Go With You. Erickson identified many of even his earliest personal experiences as hypnotic or autohypnotic. Erickson grew up in Wisconsin in a modest farming family, and intended to become a farmer like his father. He was a late ...

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Milton H. Erickson, Milton H. Erickson - Personal History, Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind, Milton H. Erickson - Indirect Techniques, Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique, Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction, Milton H. Erickson - Resistance, Milton H. Erickson - Ericksonian Therapy, Milton H. Erickson - Shocks and Ordeals, Milton H. Erickson - Influences, Milton H. Erickson - Books

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Erickson believed that the unconscious mind was always listening, and that, whether or not the patient was in trance, suggestions could be made which would have a hypnotic influence, as long as those suggestions found some resonance at the unconscious level. You can be aware of this, or you can be completely oblivious that something is happening. Now, Erickson would see if the patient would respond to one or another kind of indirect suggestion, and allow the unconscious mind to actively participate in the therapeutic process. In this way, what seemed like a normal conversation m ...

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Milton H. Erickson, Milton H. Erickson - Personal History, Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind, Milton H. Erickson - Indirect Techniques, Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique, Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction, Milton H. Erickson - Resistance, Milton H. Erickson - Ericksonian Therapy, Milton H. Erickson - Shocks and Ordeals, Milton H. Erickson - Influences, Milton H. Erickson - Books

Read more here: » Milton H. Erickson: Encyclopedia II - Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind

Where 'classical' hypnosis is authoritative and direct, and often encounters resistance in the subject, Erickson's approach is accommodating and indirect. For example, where a classical hypnotist might say "you are going into a trance", an Ericksonian hypnotist would be more likely to say "you can comfortably learn how to go into a trance". In this way, he provides an opportunity for the subject to accept the suggestions they are most comfortable with, at their own pace, and with an awareness of the benefits. The subject knows they are not being hustled, and takes ful ...

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Milton H. Erickson, Milton H. Erickson - Personal History, Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind, Milton H. Erickson - Indirect Techniques, Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique, Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction, Milton H. Erickson - Resistance, Milton H. Erickson - Ericksonian Therapy, Milton H. Erickson - Shocks and Ordeals, Milton H. Erickson - Influences, Milton H. Erickson - Books

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A confused person has their conscious mind busy and occupied, and is very much inclined to draw upon unconscious learnings to make sense of things. A confused person is in a trance of their own making - and therefore goes readily into that trance without resistance. Confusion might be created by ambiguous words, complex or endless sentences, pattern interruption or a myriad other techniques to incite transderivational searches. James Braid, who coined the term 'hypnosis' claimed that focused attention ("look into my eyes...") was esse ...

See also:

Milton H. Erickson, Milton H. Erickson - Personal History, Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind, Milton H. Erickson - Indirect Techniques, Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique, Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction, Milton H. Erickson - Resistance, Milton H. Erickson - Ericksonian Therapy, Milton H. Erickson - Shocks and Ordeals, Milton H. Erickson - Influences, Milton H. Erickson - Books

Read more here: » Milton H. Erickson: Encyclopedia II - Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique

Confusion is the basis of Erickson's famous hypnotic handshake. Many actions are learned and operate as a single "chunk" of behavior: shaking hands and tying shoelaces being two classic examples. If the behavior is diverted or frozen midway, the person literally has no mental space for this - he is stopped in the middle of unconsciously executing a behavior that hasn't got a "middle". The mind responds by suspending itself in trance until either something happens to give a new direction, or it "snaps out". A skilled hypnotist can often use that momentary confusion and suspe ...

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Milton H. Erickson, Milton H. Erickson - Personal History, Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind, Milton H. Erickson - Indirect Techniques, Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique, Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction, Milton H. Erickson - Resistance, Milton H. Erickson - Ericksonian Therapy, Milton H. Erickson - Shocks and Ordeals, Milton H. Erickson - Influences, Milton H. Erickson - Books

Read more here: » Milton H. Erickson: Encyclopedia II - Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction

Erickson recognised that many people were intimidated by hypnosis and the therapeutic process, and took care to respect the special resistances of the individual patient. In the therapeutic process he said that "you always give the patient every opportunity to resist". Here are some more relevant quotes pertaining to resistance: Whatever the behaviour offered by the subjects, it should be accepted and utilized to develop further responsive behaviour. Any attempt to "correct" or alter the subjects' behaviour, or to force them to do things they are not interested in, militates against trance induc ...

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Milton H. Erickson, Milton H. Erickson - Personal History, Milton H. Erickson - Trance and The Unconscious Mind, Milton H. Erickson - Indirect Techniques, Milton H. Erickson - Confusion Technique, Milton H. Erickson - The Handshake Induction, Milton H. Erickson - Resistance, Milton H. Erickson - Ericksonian Therapy, Milton H. Erickson - Shocks and Ordeals, Milton H. Erickson - Influences, Milton H. Erickson - Books

Read more here: » Milton H. Erickson: Encyclopedia II - Milton H. Erickson - Resistance