Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia - Neolithic
The Neolithic, (Greek νέος (neos) = new + λίθος (lithos) = stone, or "New" Stone Age) was a period in the development of human t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Neolithic Religion
The Neolithic Religion was the major religion during the main Neolithic Period in Europe. There appeared to be veneration of a Mother God...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Technology
Neolithic peoples were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (suc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistory Of Cyprus: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistory Of Cyprus - Neolithic
Prehistory of Cyprus - Aceramic Neolithic. The first undisputed settlement occurred in the 9th (or perhaps 10th) millennium BC from the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cairnpapple Hill: Encyclopedia Ii - Cairnpapple Hill - Neolithic
Neolithic rituals began about 3500 BC with signs of small hearths, and precious objects left on the hill, presumably as offerings, includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Europe - Neolithic
Main article:Neolithic Europe. European Neolithic comes from the Near East, via Asia Minor, the Mediterranean waterway and also through t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Brittany: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Brittany - Neolithic
The westernmost extensions of the Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture, based on a linearbandkeramic tradition are found in eastern Brittany ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Farming
A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in those areas where crop farming and cul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Farming
A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in those areas where crop farming and cul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Çatalhöyük: Encyclopedia - Çatalhöyük
Çatalhöyük /ʧɑtɑl højyk/ (also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük, or any of the three without accent marks -- Çatal is Turkish fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain
By chronology Prehistoric Britain Iron Age Britain Roman Britain Sub-Roman Britain Medieval Britain Early Modern Britain Modern Britain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Celtic Calendar: Encyclopedia - Celtic Calendar
The term Celtic calendar is used to refer to a variety of calendars used by Celtic-speaking peoples at different times in history. Celtic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dolmen: Encyclopedia - Dolmen
Dolmens, cromlechs, Hünengräber or Hunebedden are megalithic tombs consisting of large stones ("megaliths") set in formation and origin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axe: Encyclopedia - Axe
The axe (or ax) is an ancient and ubiquitous tool that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood, harvest timber, as a wea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Circular Ditches: Encyclopedia - Circular Ditches
About 150 arrangements of prehistoric circular ditches are known to archaeologists spread over Germany, Austria and Slovakia and the Czec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stone Age: Encyclopedia - Stone Age
The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking. Stone tools were made from a varie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vinča Culture: Encyclopedia - Vinča Culture
The Vinča culture was an early culture of Europe (between the 6th and the 3rd millennium BC), stretching around the course of Danube in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Neolithic Languages
How many Neolithic languages existed is not known, nor whether the ancient names of peoples believed, in ancient times or now, to have de...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Neolithic Man: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Neolithic Man
Neolithic Man.   See CAVE DWELLERS   (See also: Neolithic Man , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)      » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Origins
Archeologists believe that food-producing societies first emerged in the Levantine region of southwest Asia in the early Holocene, and de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Revolution - Agricultural Transition
The term Neolithic Revolution was first coined in the 1920s by Vere Gordon Childe to describe the first in a series of agricultural revol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Revolution - Domestication Of Plants
Once agriculture started gaining momentum, humans were unknowingly altering the genetic make-up of certain cereal grasses (wheat and barl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Competing Theories
Few details of these cultures are widely agreed upon, and even the date of the Indo-European arrival in Old Europe is questioned, whether...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Revolution - Social Change
Agriculture gave humans more control over their food supply, but required settled occupation of territory and encouraged larger social gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Pre-indo-european Peoples
The earliest modern humans, or Homo sapiens sapiens - as opposed to Neanderthals - to enter Europe did so perhaps around 50,000 years ago...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Revolution - Domestication Of Animals
When hunter-gathering began to be replaced by sedentary food production it became more profitable to keep animals close at hand. Therefor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of India: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of India - The Neolithic Era
The early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Mehrgarh culture which began in 7000 BC, now in Baluchistan, Pakistan. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early History Of Ireland: Encyclopedia Ii - Early History Of Ireland - The Neolithic 4500 Bc - 2500 Bc
The Neolithic saw the introduction of farming and pottery, and the use of more advanced stone implements. It was once thought that these ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-pottery Neolithic A: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-pottery Neolithic A - Settlements
The settlements consist of round semi-subterranean houses with stone foundations and terrazzo-floors. The superstructures were construct...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Neolithic Agricultural Revolution: Social Studies Dictionary - Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
Definition and meaning of Neolithic Agricultural Revolution   Neolithic Agricultural Revolution - [World History] The New Ston...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bassenthwaite Lake: Encyclopedia Ii - Bassenthwaite Lake - Biodiversity
The lake is about 6 kilometres long by 600 to 1000 metres wide. It covers an area of approximately 2 square miles, though its drainage ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Britain - The Neolithic
Traditionally the arrival of the Neolithic in Britain has been seen as a wave of immigration from the continent, supplanting the local hu...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Neolithic Agricultural Revolution: Social Studies Dictionary - Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
Definition and meaning of Neolithic Agricultural Revolution   Neolithic Agricultural Revolution - [World History] The New Ston...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistory Of Cyprus: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistory Of Cyprus - Bronze Age
Prehistory of Cyprus - Early Bronze Age. The new era was introduced by people from Anatolia who came to Cyprus because of disturbances ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cairnpapple Hill: Encyclopedia Ii - Cairnpapple Hill - Bronze Age
Some time later a Bronze age rituals added a small stone and clay cairn just off centre inside the monument, with a 7 ft (2 m) high stand...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-pottery Neolithic A: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-pottery Neolithic A - Regional Variants
With more sites becoming known, the archaeologists have defined a number of regional variants: 'Sultanien' in the Jordan River valley an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Africa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Africa - Neolithic Prehistoric Cultures
History of Africa - North Africa. Main article: History of the Sahara Neolithic rock engravings, or 'petroglyphs' and the megaliths in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Portugal - Paleolithic
In the 200th millennium BC, during the Paleolithic period the Neanderthal Man first entered the Iberian peninsula establishing the Mouste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistory Of Cyprus: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistory Of Cyprus - Iron Age
The Iron Age follows the Submycenean period (1125-1050 BC) or Late Bronze age and is divided into the: Geometric 1050-700 Archaic 700-52...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axe: Encyclopedia Ii - Axe - Symbolism, Ritual And Folklore
At least since the late Neolithic, elaborate axes (battle-axes, T-axes, etc.) had a religious significance as well and probably indicated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axe: Encyclopedia Ii - Axe - History
Early stone tools like the hand axe were probably not hafted. The first true hafted axes are known from the Mesolithic period (ca. 6000 B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axe: Encyclopedia Ii - Axe - Symbolism Ritual And Folklore
At least since the late Neolithic, elaborate axes (battle-axes, T-axes, etc.) had a religious significance as well and probably indicated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Britain - Preface
Britain has been inhabited for hundreds of thousands of years. None of the pre-Roman inhabitants of Britain had any written language, so ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Britain - Mesolithic
Around 10,000 years ago the ice age finally ended. Temperatures rose, probably to levels similar to those today, and forests expanded fur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Predynastic Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Predynastic Egypt - Late Lower Paleolithic
Evidence indicates human habitation in the southwestern corner of Egypt, near the Sudan border, before 8000 BC. Climate changes and/or ov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axe: Encyclopedia Ii - Axe - Literature
Axe - Neolithic axes. W. Borkowski, Krzemionki mining complex (Warszawa 1995) P. Pétrequin, La hache de pierre: carrières vosgiennes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Britain - The Iron Age
See British Iron Age for more detail. In around 750 BC ironworking techniques reached Britain from southern Europe. Iron was stronger and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Britain - Late Pre-roman Iron Age Lpria
The last centuries before the Roman invasion saw an influx of refugees from Gaul (modern day France and Belgium) known as the Belgae, who...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Çatalhöyük: Encyclopedia Ii - Çatalhöyük - Religion
One striking features of Catalhoyuk are its female figurines. Mellaart, the original excavator, argued that these well-formed, carefully ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Britain - The Bronze Age
In around 2700 BC a new culture arrived in Britain, often referred to as the Beaker culture. Beaker pottery appears in the Mount Pleasant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Europe - Chalcolithic
Also known as Copper Age, European Chalcolithic is a time of changes and confusion. The most relevant fact is the infiltration and invasi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Predynastic Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Predynastic Egypt - 6th Millennium Bc
By 6000 BC predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - History
Lisbon - Neolithic era to the Roman Empire. During the Neolithic the region was inhabited by the same peoples that lived in other regio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Predynastic Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Predynastic Egypt - 4th Millennium Bc
By 4000 BC human, animal, and other designs on pottery become more realistic [23]. Tomb-building appears in the Gerzean culture, includin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Predynastic Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Predynastic Egypt - 5th Millennium Bc
Items dating to this era of the Al Fayyum (5200 BC-4000 BC) include: axes of basalt, dolerite and limestone [10]; a diorite mace head; do...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Celtic Calendar: Encyclopedia Ii - Celtic Calendar - Mediaeval Irish And Welsh Calendars
The first part of the year started at Samhain, which was the first of November, never far from what would become Halloween and the follow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Celtic Calendar: Encyclopedia Ii - Celtic Calendar - Continental Celtic Calendar
Possibly the oldest material Celtic calendar is the fragmented Coligny calendar, which was discovered in Coligny, France, in 1897. It use...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pottery: Encyclopedia Ii - Pottery - History
Pottery is an ancient technology, and is one of the key technologies in the formation of civilization. The creation of pottery has been a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Middle Eastern History: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Middle Eastern History - Prehistoric And Ancient Period
main article: Ancient Near East Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 9th millennium BC Beginning of the Neolithic time period of the Hol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Europe - Bronze Age
Though the use of bronze started much earlier in the Aegean area, it is not before 1800 BCE that it reaches southern Spain, while Central...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pottery: Encyclopedia Ii - Pottery - Techniques
A person who makes pottery is traditionally known as a potter. The potter's most basic tool is his or her hands, however many of their to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Europe - Iron Age
Though the use of iron was known to the Aegean peoples about 1100 BCE, it didn't reach Central Europe before 800 BCE, giving way to the H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mycenae: Encyclopedia Ii - Mycenae - Prehistory
Mycenae - Neolithic. Only scattered sherds from disturbed debris have been found datable to this period, prior to about 3500 BC. The si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prehistoric Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Prehistoric Europe - Paleolithic
Lower Paleolithic: Europe was populated by species of Homo since c. 900,000 years ago (Homo erectus), associated with the pebble-tools te...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pottery: Encyclopedia Ii - Pottery - Types Of Pottery
Aesthetic and artistic considerations have often been part of the formation of the pottery vessels, however modern mass production techni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-historic Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-historic Art - Pre-historic Art Of Europe
Pre-historic art - Palaeolithic. The earliest known European art is from the upper palaeolithic period and includes both cave painting,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Almendres Cromlech: Encyclopedia Ii - Almendres Cromlech - Almendres Menhir
A few kilometers from the megalitc complex stands the Almendres Menhir, a single standing menhir from the same period. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early History Of Ireland: Encyclopedia Ii - Early History Of Ireland - The Bronze Age 2500 Bc - 700 Bc
Metalworking began in Ireland around 2500 BC, when bronze, an alloy of tin and copper, made its first appearance. Bronze was used for the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-historic Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-historic Art - Pre-historic Art
Pre-historic art - Palaeolithic. The earliest figurine yet discovered come from between 500,000 and 300,000 BC, during the Middle Acheu...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Bird Goddess: New Age Spirituality Dictionary On Bird Goddess
Bird Goddess Neolithic Goddess appearing with wings, a beak or a bird�s body.   (See also: Bird Goddess , New Age Spiritualit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early History Of Ireland: Encyclopedia Ii - Early History Of Ireland - The Celts
In Ireland the Iron Age was the age of people now generally referred to as Celts. These people are distinguished from their predecessors ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axe: Encyclopedia Ii - Axe - Forms Of Axes
Axe - Axes designed to cut or shape wood. Felling axe- Cuts across the grain of wood, as in the felling of trees. In single or double ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early History Of Ireland: Encyclopedia Ii - Early History Of Ireland - The Mesolithic 8000 Bc - 4500 Bc
What little is known of pre-Christian Ireland comes from a few references in Roman writings, Irish poetry and myth, and archaeology. Duri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rhine: Encyclopedia Ii - Rhine - Prehistory
Rhine - The Palaeolithic. During the Middle Palaeolithic, ca 100,000-30,000 BP (the dates vary a geat deal) western Europe, including...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-historic Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-historic Art - Native Arts Of Oceania
See also Australian Aboriginal art Starting from its first settlers from Asia, the natives of Australia, often known as Aborigines, have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rhine: Encyclopedia Ii - Rhine - Geography
Rhine - Switzerland. The Rhine's origins are in the Swiss Alps in the canton of Graubünden, where its two main initial tributaries are...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-historic Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-historic Art - Native Arts Of Oceania
See also Australian Aboriginal art Starting from its first settlers from Asia, the natives of Australia, often known as Aborigines, have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - Geography And Location
Lisbon is situated at 38°43' north, 9°8' west, making it the westernmost capital in mainland Europe. It is located in the west of the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - Economy
Lisbon, as the capital city of Portugal, has an economy concentrated on services. Most of the headquarters of multinationals operating in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - Education In Lisbon
The city has several private and public secondary schools, basic and primary schools as well as kindergartens. There are 4 major state un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - Culture
The heart of the city is the Baixa or downtown; this area of the city is being considered for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. The Baix...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - Transportation
Though the Lisbon public transportation network is extremely far-reaching and reliable, the city still suffers from endemic severe traffi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stone Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Stone Age - The Stone Age In Archaeology
The date range of this period is ambiguous, disputed, and variable according to the region in question. While it is possible to speak of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rhine: Encyclopedia Ii - Rhine - Geologic History
Rhine - Alpine Orogeny. Since the Rhine flows from the Alps, a precondition of its existence is the uplifting of the Alps, which began ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stone Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Stone Age - Human Development During The Stone Age
The Stone Age covers an immense time span, and during this period major climatic and other changes occurred, which affected the evolution...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stone Circle: Encyclopedia Ii - Stone Circle - Stone Circles In The British Isles
The French archaeologist Jean-Pierre Mohan in his book Le Monde des Megalithes described the unusual concentration of stone circles in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stone Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Stone Age - The Stone Age In Popular Culture
As a slang term, "Stone Age" can be used to describe a modern civilization or group of people that live in relatively primitive condition...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stone Circle: Encyclopedia Ii - Stone Circle - Stone Circles In The British Isles
The French archaeologist Jean-Pierre Mohan in his book Le Monde des Megalithes described the unusual concentration of stone circles in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Archaeological Sites Sorted By Continent And Age: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Archaeological Sites Sorted By Continent And Age - Americas
List of archaeological sites sorted by continent and age - Neolithic. Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico, USA Bandelier Nationa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Chinese Art - Historical Development To 221 Bc
Chinese art - Neolithic pottery. Early forms of art in China are found in the Neolithic Yangshao culture (仰韶文化), which dates ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Archaeological Sites Sorted By Continent And Age: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Archaeological Sites Sorted By Continent And Age - Asia
List of archaeological sites sorted by continent and age - Palaeolithic. Berekhat Ram, Israel Zhoukoudian, China List of archaeologi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Southeast Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Southeast Asia - Prehistory
History of Southeast Asia - Early Agricultural Societies. Agriculture was a natural development based on necessity. Before agriculture,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Archaeological Sites Sorted By Continent And Age: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Archaeological Sites Sorted By Continent And Age - Europe
List of archaeological sites sorted by continent and age - Palaeolithic. Barnfield Pit, Kent, Great Britain Bilzingsleben, Thuringia,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mycenae: Encyclopedia Ii - Mycenae - Excavation
The first excavations at Mycenae were carried out by the Greek archaeologist Pittakis in 1841. He found and restored the Lion Gate. In 18...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Brittany: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Brittany - Iron Age
A variety of tribes are mentioned in Roman sources, like the Veneti, Armoricani, Osismii, Namnetes and Coriosolites. Strabo and Poseidoni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mycenae: Encyclopedia Ii - Mycenae - Name
The reconstructed Mycenaean Greek name of the place is Mukanai (long a), which has the form of a plural, like Athanai. The change of a to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mycenae: Encyclopedia Ii - Mycenae - Literature And History
The memory of the power of Mycenae lingered in the minds of the Greeks through the subsequent centuries, commonly known as the Dark Age. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Brittany: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Brittany - Early Middle Ages
Around 500 AD, the Roman troops were withdrawing. Some British authors (Nennius, Gildas) mention Britons fleeing to Armorica to escape th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Brittany: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Brittany - Middle Ages
Bretons took part in the Revolt of 1173-1174, siding with the rebels against Henry II of England. Henry's son Geoffroy II, then heir appa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Technology
Neolithic peoples were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (suc...   » Read the article