The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. Neck - Anatomy of the human neck. Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine. The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous disks between each vertebral body. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. Neck - Soft tissue anatomyIncluding:

• Neck - Anatomy of the human neck
• Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine
• Neck - Soft tissue anatomy

Read more here: » Neck: Encyclopedia - Neck

See also:

Neck, Neck - Anatomy of the human neck, Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine, Neck - Soft tissue anatomy

Read more here: » Neck: Encyclopedia II - Neck - Anatomy of the human neck

In human anatomy, the thymus is a ductless gland located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size and activity in most individuals and is replaced with fat. The thymus plays an important role in the development of the immune system in early life, and its cells form a part of the body's normal immune system. The thymus is also present in many other animals. When animal thymus tissue is sold in a butcher shop or at a meat counter, thymus is known as sweetb ...

Including:

• Thymus - Function
• Thymus - Anatomy
• Thymus - Development
• Thymus - Structure
• Thymus - Cancer

Read more here: » Thymus: Encyclopedia - Thymus

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a medical condition in which the median nerve is compressed at the wrist causing symptoms like tingling, pain, coldness, and sometimes weakness in parts of the hand. It is the best known of a class of disorders called repetitive strain injuries. Carpal tunnel syndrome - Anatomy. The median nerve runs through the carpal tunnel, a canal in the wrist that is surrounded by bone on three sides, and a fibrous sheath (the flexor retinaculum) on the other. In addition to the nerve, many of ...

Including:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Anatomy
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Incidence
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Symptoms
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Causes
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Diagnosis
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Treatment and Prevention
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Immobilizing braces
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Localized Steroid Injections
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Soft Tissue Therapy
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Prioritizing Hand Activities and Ergonomics
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Carpal Tunnel Relief Surgery
• Carpal tunnel syndrome - Long term recovery

Read more here: » Carpal tunnel syndrome: Encyclopedia - Carpal tunnel syndrome

Massage is the practice of applying pressure or vibration to the soft tissues of the body, including muscles, connective tissue, tendons, ligaments, and joints. A form of therapy, massage can be applied to parts of the body or successively to the whole body, to heal injury, relieve psychological stress, manage pain, improve circulation and relieve tension. Where massage is used for its physical and psychological benefits, it may be termed "therape ...

Including:

• Massage - Massage Basics
• Massage - Communication
• Massage - Pressure
• Massage - Types of massage
• Massage - Breema
• Massage - Chair massage
• Massage - Chinese Tui Na massage 推拿
• Massage - Chinese Zhi Ya massage 指壓
• Massage - Deep muscle therapy
• Massage - Deep tissue massage
• Massage - Erotic massage
• Massage - Foot or sole massage
• Massage - Lomilomi — Traditional Hawaiian Massage
• Massage - MA-URI massage
• Massage - Myofascial release
• Massage - Myoskeletal alignment technique
• Massage - Neuromuscular therapy
• Massage - Scalp massage
• Massage - Shiatsu 指圧
• Massage - Stone massage
• Massage - Structural muscular balancing
• Massage - Swedish massage
• Massage - Tantramassage Tantric massage
• Massage - Thai traditional massage
• Massage - Trigger point therapy
• Massage - Massage therapist organizations
• Massage - The ABMP
• Massage - The AMTA
• Massage - The AMTWP
• Massage - The CMTA
• Massage - The CMTO
• Massage - The CSMTA
• Massage - The NCBTMB

Read more here: » Massage: Encyclopedia - Massage

The lung is the essential organ of respiration in air-breathing vertebrates. Its principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and excrete carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This it accomplishes with its mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs where gas exchange takes place. Lungs also have nonrespiratory functions. Medical terms related to the lung often begin with pulmo-, from the Latin pulmonarius ("of the lungs"), cogn ...

Including:

• Lung - The respiratory function of the lung
• Lung - Nonrespiratory functions of the lung
• Lung - Mammalian lungs
• Lung - Anatomy
• Lung - Avian lungs
• Lung - Reptilian lungs
• Lung - Amphibian lungs
• Lung - Arachnid lungs
• Lung - Crustacean lungs
• Lung - Origins

Read more here: » Lung: Encyclopedia - Lung

The use of poison gas in World War I was a major military innovation. The gases used ranged from tear gas to disabling chemicals such as mustard gas and killing agents like phosgene. This chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th century. The killing capacity of gas was limited — only 3% of combat deaths were due to gas — however, the proportion of non-fatal casualties was high and gas remained one of the soldiers' greatest fears. Unlike most other weapons of the period, it was ...

Including:

• Poison gas in World War I - History
• Poison gas in World War I - Casualties
• Poison gas in World War I - Countermeasures
• Poison gas in World War I - Delivery systems
• Poison gas in World War I - Unexploded weapons
• Poison gas in World War I - Gases used
• Poison gas in World War I - Effect on World War II

Read more here: » Poison gas in World War I: Encyclopedia - Poison gas in World War I

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system of the higher life forms that is not consciously controlled. It is commonly divided into two usually antagonistic subsystems: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls such vital functions as heart rate, dilation of the bronchioles and dilation and constriction of the pupil; the digestive tract is controlled almost completely by autonomic mechanisms. Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature. ...

Including:

• Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature
• Autonomic nervous system - Function
• Autonomic nervous system - Individual components
• Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics
• Autonomic nervous system - Connections with the Spinal Nerves
• Autonomic nervous system - Development

Read more here: » Autonomic nervous system: Encyclopedia - Autonomic nervous system

A chicken (Gallus gallus) is a type of domesticated bird which is often raised as a type of poultry. It is believed to be descended from the wild Asian Red Junglefowl. Chickens are the most common bird in the world. The population in 2003 was 24 billion, according to the Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Chicken - General biology and habitat. Male chickens are known as roosters (in the U.S., Canada and Australia), cockerels, or cocks. Female chickens are known as hens, or 'chooks' in Austr ...

Including:

• Chicken - General biology and habitat
• Chicken - Courting
• Chicken - Going broody
• Chicken - Artificial incubation
• Chicken - Chickens as food
• Chicken - Chickens as pets
• Chicken - Chickens in agriculture
• Chicken - Issues with mass production
• Chicken - Cockfighting
• Chicken - Chicken diseases
• Chicken - Chickens in religion
• Chicken - History
• Chicken - Chickens in Ancient Rome
• Chicken - Famous chickens
• Chicken - Real chickens
• Chicken - Fictional chickens
• Chicken - Mythical creatures with chicken-like anatomy
• Chicken - Chicken as symbol

Read more here: » Chicken: Encyclopedia - Chicken

There are multiple methods and techniques used in three-dimensional facial reconstruction. The process detailed below reflects the steps presented by Taylor and Angel from their chapter in Craniofacial Identification in Forensic Medicine, pgs 177-185. This method assumes that the sex, age, and "race" of the remains to undergo facial reconstruction have already been determined through traditional forensic anthropological techniques. The skull is the basis of facial reconstruction; however, other physical remains that are sometim ...

See also:

Forensic facial reconstruction, Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification, Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard, Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions, Forensic facial reconstruction - History, Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method, Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages, Forensic facial reconstruction - Resources

Read more here: » Forensic facial reconstruction: Encyclopedia II - Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method

There are two types of identification in forensic anthropology: “circumstantial” and “positive” (Burns 1999:175). Circumstantial identification is established when an individual fits the biological profile of a set of skeletal remains. This type of identification does not prove or verify identity because any number of individuals may fit the same biological description. Positive identification, one of the foremost goals of forensic science, is established when a unique set of biological characteristics of ...

See also:

Forensic facial reconstruction, Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification, Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard, Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions, Forensic facial reconstruction - History, Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method, Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages, Forensic facial reconstruction - Resources

Read more here: » Forensic facial reconstruction: Encyclopedia II - Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification

Welcker (1883) and His (1895) were the first to reproduce three-dimensional facial approximations from cranial remains. Most sources, however, acknowledge His as the forerunner in advancing the technique. His also produced the first data on average facial tissue thickness followed by Kollmann and Buchly who later collected additional data and compiled tables that are still referenced in most laboratori ...

See also:

Forensic facial reconstruction, Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification, Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard, Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions, Forensic facial reconstruction - History, Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method, Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages, Forensic facial reconstruction - Resources

Read more here: » Forensic facial reconstruction: Encyclopedia II - Forensic facial reconstruction - History

There are two main methods used in forensic facial approximation: two-dimensional and three-dimensional. Two-dimensional reconstructions are portrait drawings of unidentified remains based on radiographs, ante mortem photographs, and the skull. This method usually requires the collaboration of an artist and a forensic anthropologist. Recently developed, the F.A.C.E. and C.A.R.E.S. computer software programs quickly produce two-dimensional facial approximations that can be edited and manipulated with relative ease. These programs help speed the reconstruction process and all ...

See also:

Forensic facial reconstruction, Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification, Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard, Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions, Forensic facial reconstruction - History, Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method, Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages, Forensic facial reconstruction - Resources

Read more here: » Forensic facial reconstruction: Encyclopedia II - Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions

The Daubert Standard is a legal precedent set in 1993 by the Supreme Court regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony during legal proceedings (Steadman 2003:25). This standard was set in place to ensure that expert witness testimony is based upon sufficient facts or data, is the product of reliable principles and/or methods (including peer review), as well as ensuring that the witness has applied the princ ...

See also:

Forensic facial reconstruction, Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification, Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard, Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions, Forensic facial reconstruction - History, Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method, Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages, Forensic facial reconstruction - Resources

Read more here: » Forensic facial reconstruction: Encyclopedia II - Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard

Several anatomical factors make infants susceptible to brain damage from shaking. Their heads are bigger and weigh more with respect to their bodies than adults' heads, and their neck muscles are weak and cannot prevent violent motions (Patel and Moorjani, 2005). Infants' brains are not myelinated; myelin sheaths form in childhood and are complete in adolescence. The brain water content is reduced as neurons gain myelin during development, so babies have a greater percentage of brain water than adults (Stock and Singer, 2004). Because of thi ...

See also:

Shaken baby syndrome, Shaken baby syndrome - Signs and symptoms, Shaken baby syndrome - Anatomy and pathophysiology, Shaken baby syndrome - Prognosis, Shaken baby syndrome - Prevention, Shaken baby syndrome - SBS as a medical/legal concept

Read more here: » Shaken baby syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Shaken baby syndrome - Anatomy and pathophysiology

There are multiple outstanding problems associated with forensic facial reconstruction (Lebedinskaya et al. 1993:183). Probably the most pressing issue relates to the data used to average facial tissue thickness. The data available to forensic artists are still very limited in ranges of ages, sexes, and body builds. This disparity greatly affects the accuracy of reconstructions. Until these data are expanded, the likelihood of producing ...

See also:

Forensic facial reconstruction, Forensic facial reconstruction - Positive & Circumstantial Identification, Forensic facial reconstruction - The Daubert Standard, Forensic facial reconstruction - 2D & 3D Reconstructions, Forensic facial reconstruction - History, Forensic facial reconstruction - Example of Reconstruction Technique/Method, Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages, Forensic facial reconstruction - Resources

Read more here: » Forensic facial reconstruction: Encyclopedia II - Forensic facial reconstruction - Advantages & Disadvantages

There are well over 150 types of massage therapy. Various styles of massage have developed from a number of sources. Massage - Breema. Breema bodywork is performed on the floor with the recipient fully clothed. It consists of rhythmical and gentle leans and stretches which leads to deep relaxation, increased vitality, and stimulation of the self-healing processes of the body. Sessions can be any length of time, although 50 minutes is common. There are also self-Breema exercises. The essence of Breema is ex ...

See also:

Massage, Massage - Massage Basics, Massage - Communication, Massage - Pressure, Massage - Types of massage, Massage - Breema, Massage - Chair massage, Massage - Chinese Tui Na massage 推拿, Massage - Chinese Zhi Ya massage 指壓, Massage - Deep muscle therapy, Massage - Deep tissue massage, Massage - Erotic massage, Massage - Foot or sole massage, Massage - Lomilomi — Traditional Hawaiian Massage, Massage - MA-URI massage, Massage - Myofascial release, Massage - Myoskeletal alignment technique, Massage - Neuromuscular therapy, Massage - Scalp massage, Massage - Shiatsu 指圧, Massage - Stone massage, Massage - Structural muscular balancing, Massage - Swedish massage, Massage - Tantramassage Tantric massage, Massage - Thai traditional massage, Massage - Trigger point therapy, Massage - Massage therapist organizations, Massage - The ABMP, Massage - The AMTA, Massage - The AMTWP, Massage - The CMTA, Massage - The CMTO, Massage - The CSMTA, Massage - The NCBTMB

Read more here: » Massage: Encyclopedia II - Massage - Types of massage

There are well over 150 types of massage therapy. Various styles of massage have developed from a number of sources. Massage - Breema. Breema bodywork is performed on the floor with the recipient fully clothed. It consists of rhythmical and gentle leans and stretches which leads to deep relaxation, increased vitality, and stimulation of the self-healing processes of the body. Sessions can be any length of time, although 50 minutes is common. There are also self-Breema exercises. The essence of Breema is ex ...

See also:

Massage, Massage - Massage Basics, Massage - Communication, Massage - Pressure, Massage - Types of massage, Massage - Breema, Massage - Chair massage, Massage - Chinese Tui Na massage 推拿, Massage - Chinese Zhi Ya massage 指壓, Massage - Deep muscle therapy, Massage - Deep tissue massage, Massage - Erotic massage, Massage - Foot or sole massage, Massage - Lomilomi — Traditional Hawaiian Massage, Massage - MA-URI massage, Massage - Myofascial release, Massage - Myoskeletal alignment technique, Massage - Neuromuscular therapy, Massage - Scalp massage, Massage - Shiatsu 指圧, Massage - Stone massage, Massage - Structural muscular balancing, Massage - Swedish massage, Massage - Tantramassage Tantric massage, Massage - Thai traditional massage, Massage - Trigger point therapy, Massage - Massage therapist organizations, Massage - International, Massage - United States, Massage - Canada

Read more here: » Massage: Encyclopedia II - Massage - Types of massage

The cranial sympathetics include sympathetic efferent fibers in the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, as well as sympathetic afferent in the last three nerves. The Sympathetic Efferent Fibers of the Oculomotor Nerve probably arise from cells in the anterior part of the oculomotor nucleus which is located in the tegmentum of the mid-brain. These preganglionic fibers run with the third nerve into the orbit and pass to the ciliary ganglion where they terminate by forming synapses with sympathetic motor neurons whose ...

See also:

Autonomic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature, Autonomic nervous system - Function, Autonomic nervous system - Individual components, Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics, Autonomic nervous system - Connections with the Spinal Nerves, Autonomic nervous system - Development

Read more here: » Autonomic nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics

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