The winning allies split Germany into occupation zones. At the Potsdam Conference German borders within the Soviet occupation zone were moved westward, with most of the territory given to Poland as compensation for the annexation of eastern Polish lands by the Soviet Union. About half of German East Prussia was annexed by the Soviet Union, including its capital Königsberg (now known as Kaliningrad). The German exodus from Eastern Europe, begun by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, was continued and completed once virtually all Germans in Central ...

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Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Chronology of events, Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939, Nazi Germany - Consolidation of power, Nazi Germany - Social policy, Nazi Germany - Economic policy, Nazi Germany - World War II, Nazi Germany - Aftermath, Nazi Germany - Organization of the Third Reich, Nazi Germany - Head of State and Chief Executive, Nazi Germany - Cabinet and national authorities, Nazi Germany - Reich Offices, Nazi Germany - Reich Ministries, Nazi Germany - Occupation authorities, Nazi Germany - Legislative Branch, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Paramilitary organisations, Nazi Germany - National police, Nazi Germany - Political organizations, Nazi Germany - Service organizations, Nazi Germany - Religious organisations, Nazi Germany - Academic organizations, Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Nazi Party and Nazi government leaders and officials, Nazi Germany - SS personnel, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Other, Nazi Germany - Noted victims, Nazi Germany - Noted refugees, Nazi Germany - Noted survivors

Read more here: » Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Nazi Germany - Aftermath

See also:

Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Chronology of events, Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939, Nazi Germany - Consolidation of power, Nazi Germany - Social policy, Nazi Germany - Economic policy, Nazi Germany - World War II, Nazi Germany - Aftermath, Nazi Germany - Organization of the Third Reich, Nazi Germany - Head of State and Chief Executive, Nazi Germany - Cabinet and national authorities, Nazi Germany - Reich Offices, Nazi Germany - Reich Ministries, Nazi Germany - Occupation authorities, Nazi Germany - Legislative Branch, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Paramilitary organisations, Nazi Germany - National police, Nazi Germany - Political organizations, Nazi Germany - Service organizations, Nazi Germany - Religious organisations, Nazi Germany - Academic organizations, Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Nazi Party and Nazi government leaders and officials, Nazi Germany - SS personnel, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Other, Nazi Germany - Noted victims, Nazi Germany - Noted refugees, Nazi Germany - Noted survivors

Read more here: » Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany

The following decorations were created before 1933, however, where displayed and worn by a large number of Nazi Party and Wehrmacht personnel. This was due to Nazi regulations which permitted the continued wear of certain awards from the pre-Nazi Weimar Republic, as well as the display of any combat awards earned during World War I. Of the countless medals and decorations issued in Germany before 1933, the following were the most common to be found displayed during the Nazi era. Pour le Mérite House Order of Hohenzollern Iron Cross (1914) Great War Tank Badg ...

See also:

Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany, Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany - Third Reich awards, Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany - Pre-Nazi awards, Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany - Unbestowed awards

Read more here: » Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Awards and decorations of Nazi Germany - Pre-Nazi awards

The National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) formally adopted the swastika or Hakenkreuz (hooked cross) in 1920. This was used on the party's flag (right), badge, and armband. (It had been used unofficially by the NSDAP and its predecessor, the German Workers Party, Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP), however.) In Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler wrote: I myself, meanwhile, after innumerable attempts, had laid down a final form; a ...

See also:

Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Asatru, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Europe, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Apperance in Media

Read more here: » Swastika: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Nazi Germany

The National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) formally adopted the swastika or Hakenkreuz (hooked cross) in 1920. This was used on the party's flag (right), badge, and armband. (It had been used unofficially by the NSDAP and its predecessor, the German Workers Party, Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP), however.) In Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler wrote: I myself, meanwhile, after innumerable attempts, had laid down a final form; a ...

See also:

Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Comet/bird hypothesis, Swastika - Early Hinduism, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Notes

Read more here: » Swastika: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Nazi Germany

The National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) formally adopted the swastika or Hakenkreuz (hooked cross) in 1920. This was used on the party's flag (right), badge, and armband. (It had been used unofficially by the NSDAP and its predecessor, the German Workers Party, Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP), however.) In Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler wrote: I myself, meanwhile, after innumerable attempts, had laid down a final form; a ...

See also:

Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Notes

Read more here: » Swastika: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Nazi Germany

More notoriously, gas chambers were used in the Nazi Third Reich during the 1930s as part of the so-called "public euthanasia program" aimed at eliminating physically and intellectually disabled people, and later the mentally ill. At that time, the preferred gas was carbon monoxide, often provided by the exhaust fumes of cars and trucks. Later, during the Holocaust, gas chambers were modified and enhanced to accept even larger groups as part of the Nazi policy of genocide against Jews, and others. Through experimentation on Soviet POW ...

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Gas chamber, Gas chamber - Method, Gas chamber - Initiation Reaction, Gas chamber - Cleanup Reaction, Gas chamber - United States, Gas chamber - Nazi Germany, Gas chamber - Napoleonic France, Gas chamber - Other nations, Gas chamber - Other meanings

Read more here: » Gas chamber: Encyclopedia II - Gas chamber - Nazi Germany

An example of miscegenation laws was the Nuremberg Laws enacted by the Nazis in Germany against the large German Jewish community during the 1930s. The laws prohibited marriages between Jews (deemed as Untermenschen - "sub-humans") and German "Aryans" (deemed the Herrenrasse - "master race"). Many interfaith and intermarried couples committed suicide when these laws came into effect. Under the General Government of occupied Poland in 1940, the population was divided into different groups, each with different rights, food ...

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Racial segregation, Racial segregation - Overview, Racial segregation - Nazi Germany, Racial segregation - USA, Racial segregation - South Africa, Racial segregation - Rhodesia, Racial segregation - Arab world, Racial segregation - Fiji, Racial segregation - Related issues, Racial segregation - White separatism, Racial segregation - Sociological Research Behind Brown v. Board, Racial segregation - Black separatism, Racial segregation - Latino separatism

Read more here: » Racial segregation: Encyclopedia II - Racial segregation - Nazi Germany

An example of miscegenation laws was the racist and anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws enacted by the Nazis in Germany against the large German Jewish community during the 1930s. The laws prohibited marriages between Jews (deemed as Untermenschen - "subhuman beings") and German "Aryans" (deemed the Herrenrasse - "master race"). Many interfaith and intermarried couples committed suicide when these laws came into effect. Under the General Government of occupied Poland in 1940, the population was divided into different groups, eac ...

See also:

Racial segregation, Racial segregation - Overview, Racial segregation - Nazi Germany, Racial segregation - USA, Racial segregation - South Africa, Racial segregation - Rhodesia, Racial segregation - Arab world, Racial segregation - Fiji, Racial segregation - Related issues, Racial segregation - White separatism, Racial segregation - Sociological Research Behind Brown v. Board, Racial segregation - Black separatism, Racial segregation - Latino separatism

Read more here: » Racial segregation: Encyclopedia II - Racial segregation - Nazi Germany

In Nazi Germany, a propaganda campaign was launched to portray the mentally ill as parasites of the society, as a part of the racial hygiene doctrine. See T-4 Euthanasia Program for more. Parasitism social offense - Anti-Semitism. Those who view Jews and other groups as subhuman or untermensch often describe them as, or compare them to, parasites, rats, or other vermin. ...

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Parasitism social offense, Parasitism social offense - Parasitic social classes, Parasitism social offense - Soviet Union, Parasitism social offense - Nazi Germany, Parasitism social offense - Anti-Semitism, Parasitism social offense - Japan

Read more here: » Parasitism social offense: Encyclopedia II - Parasitism social offense - Nazi Germany

In the wake of the First World War and subsquent economic depression, many German voters began turning their support towards Adolf Hitler's radical Nazi Party, which made great promises of an economic, cultural, and military renewal for the fledgling country. On January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher to form a viable government failed. Hindenberg was put under pressure by Hitler through his son Oskar, as well as intrigue from former Chancello ...

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Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Chronology of events, Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939, Nazi Germany - Consolidation of power, Nazi Germany - Social policy, Nazi Germany - Economic policy, Nazi Germany - World War II, Nazi Germany - Aftermath, Nazi Germany - Organization of the Third Reich, Nazi Germany - Head of State and Chief Executive, Nazi Germany - Cabinet and national authorities, Nazi Germany - Reich Offices, Nazi Germany - Reich Ministries, Nazi Germany - Occupation authorities, Nazi Germany - Legislative Branch, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Paramilitary organisations, Nazi Germany - National police, Nazi Germany - Political organizations, Nazi Germany - Service organizations, Nazi Germany - Religious organisations, Nazi Germany - Academic organizations, Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Nazi Party and Nazi government leaders and officials, Nazi Germany - SS personnel, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Other, Nazi Germany - Noted victims, Nazi Germany - Noted refugees, Nazi Germany - Noted survivors

Read more here: » Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher to form a viable government failed. Hindenberg was put under pressure by Hitler through his son Oskar, as well as intrigue from former Chancellor Franz von Papen following his collection of participating financial interests. Even though the Nazi Party had gained the largest share of the popular vote in the two Reichstag general elections of 1932, they had slim majority in parliament within the Papen-propos ...

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Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Chronology of events, Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939, Nazi Germany - Consolidation of power, Nazi Germany - Social policy, Nazi Germany - Economic policy, Nazi Germany - World War II, Nazi Germany - Aftermath, Nazi Germany - Organization of the Third Reich, Nazi Germany - Head of State and Chief Executive, Nazi Germany - Cabinet and national authorities, Nazi Germany - Reich Offices, Nazi Germany - Reich Ministries, Nazi Germany - Occupation authorities, Nazi Germany - Legislative Branch, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Paramilitary organisations, Nazi Germany - National police, Nazi Germany - Political organizations, Nazi Germany - Service organizations, Nazi Germany - Religious organisations, Nazi Germany - Academic organizations, Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Nazi Party and Nazi government leaders and officials, Nazi Germany - SS personnel, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Other, Nazi Germany - Noted victims, Nazi Germany - Noted refugees, Nazi Germany - Noted survivors

Read more here: » Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939

The Vice-Chancellor of Germany (Vizekanzler) in Germany is the second highest position in the government, and is usually held by the leader of the government's principal coalition partner. Unlike the American Vice President, the Vice-Chancellor is not an independent office. Instead, the Vice-Chancellor also serves as a Cabinet minister, most commonly as Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, the current Vice Chancellor is Labour Minister Franz Müntefering, who had been Chairma ...

Including:

• Vice-Chancellor of Germany - List of Vice-Chancellors
• Vice-Chancellor of Germany - Weimar Republic
• Vice-Chancellor of Germany - Nazi Germany
• Vice-Chancellor of Germany - Federal Republic of Germany

Read more here: » Vice-Chancellor of Germany: Encyclopedia - Vice-Chancellor of Germany

The Communist Party of Germany (in German, Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands – KPD) was formed in December of 1918 from the Spartacist League, which originated as a small factional grouping within the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and the International Communists of Germany (IKD). Both factions were opposed to the First World War on the grounds that it was an imperialist war in which the working class had no interest. The Spartacist League was led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht who were murdered in January 191 ...

Including:

• Communist Party of Germany - Early period
• Communist Party of Germany - Stalinism
• Communist Party of Germany - The Nazi era
• Communist Party of Germany - Post-World War II
• Communist Party of Germany - In East Germany
• Communist Party of Germany - In West Germany

Read more here: » Communist Party of Germany: Encyclopedia - Communist Party of Germany

The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (or BGB) is the civil code of Germany. Put into effect on January 1, 1900 it had been in development since 1881 and was considered at the time of its creation to be a massive piece of work that was years ahead of its time. The BGB served as a template for the regulations of several other countries (such as Japan). Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - History. Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - German Empire. In 1871, the various German states were united ...

Including:

• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - History
• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - German Empire
• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - Nazi Germany
• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - Germany since 1945
• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - Structure
• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - The Principle of Abstraction

Read more here: » Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch: Encyclopedia - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

Germany This article is part of the series: Politics of Germany Constitution Bundestag (Parliament) Bundesrat (Federal Council) Federal Convention Constitutional Court Federal Court of Justice President: Horst Köhler Chancellor: Angela Merkel Cabinet States of Germany Districts of Germany Elections Political parties ...

Including:

• Chancellor of Germany - Bundeskanzler North German Confederation 1867-1871
• Chancellor of Germany - Reichskanzler 1871-1945
• Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the German Empire 1871-1919
• Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the Weimar Republic 1919-1933
• Chancellor of Germany - Chancellors of the Nazi Era 1933-1945
• Chancellor of Germany - Bundeskanzler since 1949
• Chancellor of Germany - Appointment mechanism
• Chancellor of Germany - Votes of no-confidence
• Chancellor of Germany - The chancellor's role
• Chancellor of Germany - List of Chancellors since 1949

Read more here: » Chancellor of Germany: Encyclopedia - Chancellor of Germany

Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 – August 14, 1956) was an influential German dramatist, stage director, and poet of the 20th century. Bertolt Brecht - Life and career. Born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Brecht studied medicine and worked briefly as an orderly in a hospital in Munich during World War I. After the war he moved to Berlin where an influential critic, Herbert Ihering, brought him to the attention of a public longing for modern theater. Brecht's first two plays, Baal and Drums in the Night< ...

Including:

• Bertolt Brecht - Life and career
• Bertolt Brecht - Nazi Germany and World War II
• Bertolt Brecht - Cold War and East Germany
• Bertolt Brecht - Later life
• Bertolt Brecht - Impact
• Bertolt Brecht - Theory of theatre
• Bertolt Brecht - Major works
• Bertolt Brecht - Links

Read more here: » Bertolt Brecht: Encyclopedia - Bertolt Brecht

Nazi racial policy changed extensively in the years between 1933 and 1939. The Nazi Party became increasingly extreme in its treatment of the minorities of Germany, particularly Jews. Between 1933 and 1934, Nazi policy was fairly moderate, not wishing to scare off voters or moderately-minded politicians. Jews had been disliked for years before, and the Nazi Party used this anger to gain votes. They blamed poverty, unemployment, and the loss of World War I all on the Jews. German woes were largely due to the effects of the Treaty of Ve ...

See also:

Racial policy of Nazi Germany, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - 1933 to 1939, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - The Nuremberg Laws, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - Jewish response to the Nuremberg Laws, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - 1939 to 1945

Read more here: » Racial policy of Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia II - Racial policy of Nazi Germany - 1933 to 1939

The main function of the SA during the formative years of the Nazi Party had been that of a political army — namely, to supply the force to protect the party leadership and to attack and terrorize political opponents such as the Communist Red Front. Through violence and intimidation, the SA helped the Nazis become more powerful than the other political parties first in Munich and later throughout Germany. Following the Nazis' ascent to power in 1933, the left wing of the Nazi Party — led by Röhm — continued to believe in ...

See also:

Ernst Röhm, Ernst Röhm - Early Nazi years, Ernst Röhm - Storm trooper commander, Ernst Röhm - Downfall and death

Read more here: » Ernst Röhm: Encyclopedia II - Ernst Röhm - Downfall and death

Soon after the appointment of Hitler as Chancellor, the Reichstag was set on fire. The Nazis publicly blamed the fire on Communist agitators (though many historians believe that the Nazis themselves set the fire). They used the fire as a pretext to introduce laws enabling suppression of political parties. The Enabling Act, which legally gave Hitler dictatorial control of Germany, was passed by a Reichstag session held ...

See also:

Communist Party of Germany, Communist Party of Germany - Early period, Communist Party of Germany - Stalinism, Communist Party of Germany - The Nazi era, Communist Party of Germany - In East Germany, Communist Party of Germany - In West Germany

Read more here: » Communist Party of Germany: Encyclopedia II - Communist Party of Germany - The Nazi era