natural history

Alexander Neckam (September 8, 1157 - 1217), was an English scientist and teacher. He was born at St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, on the same night as King Richard I. Neckam's mother nursed the prince with her own son, who thus became Richard's foster-brother. He was educated at the St Albans Abbey school (now St Albans School), and began to teach as schoolmaster of Dunstable, dependent on St Albans Abbey. Later he lived for several years at Petit Pons in Paris (c. 1175-1182). By 1180 he had become a disting ...

Including:

• Alexander Neckam - Reference

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History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education Associated articles Teach the Controversy Irreducible ...

Including:

• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Origins
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Evolution in context
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Natural history
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Cosmology
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Geology
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Evolutionary Biology
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Creationism
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Intelligent design
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Philosophy of science
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Philosophy of religion
• Articles related to the creation-evolution controversy - Creation-evolution controversy

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Alan Wilson Watts (January 6, 1915 – November 16, 1973) was a philosopher, writer, speaker, and expert in comparative religion. He wrote over twenty-five books and numerous articles on subjects such as personal identity, the true nature of reality, consciousness and the pursuit of happiness, relating his experience to scientific knowledge and to the teachings of Eastern and Western religions or philosophies (Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Hinduism). Beyond this, he was sensitive to certain new leanings in the West, and was in a ...

Including:

• Alan Watts - Early years
• Alan Watts - Middle years
• Alan Watts - Later years
• Alan Watts - Philosophy summarized
• Alan Watts - Books

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A bestiary, or Bestiarum vocabulum is a compendium of beasts. Bestiaries were made popular in the Middle ages in illustrated volumes that described various real or imaginary animals, birds and even rocks. The natural history and illustration of each beast were usually accompanied by a moral lesson. This reflected the belief that the world itself was literally the Word of God, and that every living thing had its own special meaning. For example, the pelican, which was believed to tear open its breast to bring its young to life w ...

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Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC - 340s BC - 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 349 BC 348 BC 347 BC 346 BC 345 BC - 344 BC - 343 BC 342 BC 341 BC 340 BC 339 BC 344 BC - Events. Aristotle, a student of Plato, investigates natural history (especially marine biology) on the island of Lesbos. Eastern Anatolia separates from Persia. Dionysius, Tyrant of Syracuse, goes into ...

Including:

• 344 BC - Events
• 344 BC - Births
• 344 BC - Deaths

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The unicorn is a legendary creature embodied like a horse, but slender and with a single — usually spiral — horn growing out of its forehead. Though the popular image of the unicorn is that of a white horse differing only in the horn, the traditional unicorn has a billy-goat beard, a lion's tail, and cloven hoofs, which distinguish him from a horse. Interestingly, these modifications make the horned ungulate more realistic, since only cloven-hoofed animals have horns. Marianna Mayer has observed (The Unicorn and the Lake), ...

Including:

• Unicorn - Unicorns in prehistory
• Unicorn - Unicorns in antiquity
• Unicorn - Medieval unicorns
• Unicorn - Heraldry
• Unicorn - Sources of the myth
• Unicorn - Alleged skeletal evidence
• Unicorn - The rhinoceros
• Unicorn - Elasmotherium
• Unicorn - A mutant goat
• Unicorn - The narwhal
• Unicorn - The oryx
• Unicorn - Fiction

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The English suffix -ology or -logy denotes a field of study or academic discipline, and -ologist describes a person who studies that field. -logy - Etymology. The word ology is a back-formation from the names of these disciplines. "-logy" basically means "the study of ____". Such words are formed from Greek or Latin roots with the terminal -logy derived from the Greek suffix -λογια (-logia), speaking, from λεγειν (legein), ...

Including:

• -logy - Etymology
• -logy - Other words ending in ology
• -logy - Usage
• -logy - List of -ologies
• -logy - A
• -logy - B
• -logy - C
• -logy - D
• -logy - E
• -logy - F
• -logy - G
• -logy - H
• -logy - I
• -logy - J
• -logy - K
• -logy - L
• -logy - M
• -logy - N
• -logy - O
• -logy - P
• -logy - R
• -logy - S
• -logy - T
• -logy - U
• -logy - V
• -logy - X
• -logy - Z
• -logy - Ologies that are not fields of study

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This article is about the Abrahamic belief; creationism can also refer to origin beliefs in general or, centuries earlier, to an alternative to traducianism. Creationism or creation theology is the belief that humans, life, the Earth, and the universe were created by a supreme being or deity's supernatural intervention. The intervention may be seen either as an act of creation from nothing (ex nihilo) ...

Including:

• Creationism - Overview
• Creationism - Political context
• Creationism - History of the concept of creation
• Creationism - Types of creationism
• Creationism - Jewish creationism
• Creationism - Christian God as absolute origin
• Creationism - Prevalence of creationism
• Creationism - United States
• Creationism - The western world outside the United States
• Creationism - Criticism of creationism
• Creationism - Scientific critique of creationism
• Creationism - The Christian critique of creationism
• Creationism - Creationism and naturalism

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Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 – April 19, 1882) was a British naturalist who achieved lasting fame by establishing the fact of evolution and originating the theory that this could be explained through natural and sexual selection. He developed his interest in natural history while studying first medicine, then theology, at university. Darwin's five-year voyage on the Beagle and subsequent writings brought him eminence as a geologist and fame as a popular author. His biological observations led him to study t ...

Including:

• Charles Darwin - Life
• Charles Darwin - Early life
• Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle
• Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory
• Charles Darwin - Marriage and children
• Charles Darwin - Development of theory
• Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory
• Charles Darwin - Reaction
• Charles Darwin - Further work until his death
• Charles Darwin - Religious views
• Charles Darwin - Legacy
• Charles Darwin - Commemoration
• Charles Darwin - Eugenics
• Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism
• Charles Darwin - Works
• Charles Darwin - Published works
• Charles Darwin - Letters

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History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education Associated articles Teach the Controversy Irreducible ...

Including:

• Creation-evolution controversy - Overview of the controversy
• Creation-evolution controversy - Common venues for debate
• Creation-evolution controversy - Conflicts inherent to the controversy
• Creation-evolution controversy - Defining evolution
• Creation-evolution controversy - False dichotomy
• Creation-evolution controversy - Conflation of science and religion
• Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations involving science
• Creation-evolution controversy - Theory vs. Fact
• Creation-evolution controversy - Evidence against evolution
• Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations of bias
• Creation-evolution controversy - Religion and Historical Scientists
• Creation-evolution controversy - Quote mining
• Creation-evolution controversy - Noteworthy participants in the controversy
• Creation-evolution controversy - Creationists
• Creation-evolution controversy - Their opposition
• Creation-evolution controversy - Ramifications of the controversy
• Creation-evolution controversy - Public education in the United States
• Creation-evolution controversy - Surveys of views in the United States
• Creation-evolution controversy - Survey of views in German speaking countries
• Creation-evolution controversy - Controversy in education world-wide
• Creation-evolution controversy - History
• Creation-evolution controversy - Footnotes

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History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education
Including:

• Creation science - History and organization
• Creation science - Issues in creation science
• Creation science - Religious criticisms of creation science
• Creation science - Scientific criticisms of creation science
• Creation science - Subjects within creation science
• Creation science - Creation biology
• Creation science - Flood geology
• Creation science - Creationist cosmologies

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Professor William Donald "Bill" Hamilton, F.R.S. (1 August 1936 — 7 March 2000) was a British evolutionary biologist. Hamilton became famous for his theoretical work expounding a rigorous genetic basis for the existence of kin selection. This insight formed part of the Williams Revolution and he can therefore be seen as one of the forerunners of the discipline of sociobiology founded by Edward Osborne Wilson. Hamilton also published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex. W. D. Hamilton - Biography. < ...

Including:

• W. D. Hamilton - Biography
• W. D. Hamilton - Early life
• W. D. Hamilton - Hamilton's rule
• W. D. Hamilton - Extraordinary sex ratios
• W. D. Hamilton - Chasing the Red Queen
• W. D. Hamilton - Back in Britain
• W. D. Hamilton - On the Origin of AIDS
• W. D. Hamilton - Postscript
• W. D. Hamilton - Conclusion
• W. D. Hamilton - Awards
• W. D. Hamilton - Biographies
• W. D. Hamilton - Works
• W. D. Hamilton - Collected Papers
• W. D. Hamilton - Significant Papers by Hamilton
• W. D. Hamilton - Other references

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The watchmaker analogy is often used as a teleological argument (argument from design) in support of the view that the universe (or features of it) are the product of a conscious designer or designers. Watchmaker analogy - History. Monotheists have suggested: if we find a watch in a field, it is too complex to have appeared there by natural process so they assume that there must be a watchmaker responsible for its creation. Similarly, the argument goes, life is extremely complex and requires a creato ...

Including:

• Watchmaker analogy - History
• Watchmaker analogy - The watchmaker analogy before Paley
• Watchmaker analogy - William Paley
• Watchmaker analogy - After Paley
• Watchmaker analogy - Solar System Analogy
• Watchmaker analogy - The case against the watchmaker analogy
• Watchmaker analogy - Bad Design

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Collecting fossils can be a very relaxing and often rewarding hobby. There are no special rules about where one may find fossils, and you can find fossils in many places where sedimentary rocks are exposed, such as clays, shales, limestones, and sandstones. Only certain sedimentary rocks will yield fossils, and they are often concentrated along particular bedding planes within the rocks. Collecting fossils - Finding fossils. Fossils are not to be found in areas of igneous rock (except in some beds between l ...

Including:

• Collecting fossils - Finding fossils
• Collecting fossils - Collecting ethics
• Collecting fossils - Field collecting
• Collecting fossils - Equipment
• Collecting fossils - Preservation and documentation

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The Challenger Expedition was a scientific expedition that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. Prompted by Charles Wyville Thomson of Edinburgh University, the Royal Society of London obtained the use of a ship, HMS Challenger, from the Royal Navy and, between 1870 and 1872, modified it for scientific work, equipping it with separate laboratories for natural history and chemistry. The ship, commanded by Captain George Nares, sailed from Portsmouth on December 21, 1872. Under the scientific superv ...

Including:

• Challenger expedition - External link

Read more here: » Challenger expedition: Encyclopedia - Challenger expedition

Wollaton Hall is a country house in Nottingham, England completed in 1588 for Sir Francis Willoughby by the Elizabethan architect, Robert Smythson (also the architect of Hardwick Hall). The building consists of a high central hall, surrounded by four towers. Unfortunately, Smythson's interior was destroyed by fire and remodelling was carried out by Sir Jeffry Wyattville in 1801. Now owned by the City of Nottingham, it currently houses Francis Willoughby and John Ray's natural history collection of stuffed animals and birds. In 1855 Joseph Paxton designed a near replica of Wollaton Ha ...

Including:

• Wollaton Hall - External link

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William Swainson (October 8, 1789 - December 6, 1855), was an English ornithologist and artist. Swainson was born in St. Mary Newington, London. At the age of fourteen he became a customs clerk in Liverpool. He developed an interest in natural history by studying his fathers shell and insect collections. He was drafted into the army and sent to Sicily, but was forced to retire due to ill health. Swainson travelled in Brazil from 1816 to 1818, returning to England with a collection of over 20,000 insects, 1,200 species of ...

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Cabinets of curiosities (also known as wunderkammer or wonder-rooms) were collections of natural history artifacts kept by many early practitioners of science in Europe, and were precursors to natural history museums. Two of the most famously described cabinets were those of Ole Worm (also known as Olaus Wormius) and Athanasius Kircher. These 17th-century cabinets, actually room-sized collections, were filled with preserved animals, horns, tusks, skeletons, minerals, and so on. Often they would contain a mi ...

Including:

• Cabinet of curiosities - Notable collections started in this way

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The antediluvian period was the period that preceded the Great Flood of Noah as related in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible. It was an important feature in versions of natural history that were formerly much more widely accepted, but is currently primarily accepted by creationists. The primary source of knowledge about the antediluvian period is Genesis, chapters 5 and 6. Antediluvian - The antediluvian period. Creationists such as William Whiston (A New Theory of the Earth 1696) and Henry Mo ...

Including:

• Antediluvian - The antediluvian period

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Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος, "human" or "person") consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). It is holistic in two senses: it is concerned with all humans at all times, and with all dimensions of humanity. A primary trait that traditionally distinguished anthropology from other humanistic disciplines is an emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons. This distinction has, however, become increasingly the subject of controversy and debate, with anthropological methods now bein ...

Including:

• Anthropology - Historical and institutional context
• Anthropology - Anthropology in the U.S.
• Anthropology - Anthropology in Britain
• Anthropology - Anthropology in France
• Anthropology - Anthropology after World War Two
• Anthropology - Politics of anthropology
• Anthropology - Anthropological fields and subfields

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