Tlingit thought and belief, although never formally codified, was historically a fairly well organized philosophical and religious system whose basic axioms shaped the way all Tlingit people viewed and interacted with the world around them. After the introduction of Christianity, both in its earlier Russian Orthodox form and later Protestantism, the Tlingit belief system began to erode. Much of the original belief system, particularly ideas of spirituality and shamanism, was lost due to Christian persecution and govern ...

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Tlingit, Tlingit - Territory, Tlingit - Culture, Tlingit - Kinship, Tlingit - Property, Tlingit - Potlatch, Tlingit - Art, Tlingit - War, Tlingit - Food, Tlingit - Nutrition, Tlingit - Beach Food, Tlingit - Salmon, Tlingit - Herring and Hooligan, Tlingit - Other Fish, Tlingit - Marine Mammals, Tlingit - Game, Tlingit - Philosophy and Religion, Tlingit - Dualism, Tlingit - Spirituality, Tlingit - Death and the Afterlife, Tlingit - Shamanism, Tlingit - Man and Nature, Tlingit - The Kooshdakhaa, Tlingit - History, Tlingit - Creation myth and the Raven Cycle, Tlingit - The Tlingit migration, Tlingit - Clan histories, Tlingit - First contact, Tlingit - Fur trade, Tlingit - Alaskan purchase, Tlingit - The bombing of Angoon, Tlingit - Territorial education and religion, Tlingit - ANB and recognizing rights, Tlingit - WWII, Tlingit - ANCSA, Tlingit - Today

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The traditional history of the Tlingit people involves the creation myths, the Raven Cycle, other tangentially related events during the mythic age when spirits freely transformed from animal to human and back, the migration story of coming to Tlingit lands, the clan histories, and more recent events near the time of first contact with Europeans. At this point the European and American historical records come into play, and although modern Tlingits have access to and review these historical records, they continue to maintain their own historical record by telling stories of ancestors and events which have importance to them against th ...

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Tlingit, Tlingit - Territory, Tlingit - Culture, Tlingit - Kinship, Tlingit - Property, Tlingit - Potlatch, Tlingit - Art, Tlingit - War, Tlingit - Food, Tlingit - Nutrition, Tlingit - Beach Food, Tlingit - Salmon, Tlingit - Herring and Hooligan, Tlingit - Other Fish, Tlingit - Marine Mammals, Tlingit - Game, Tlingit - Philosophy and Religion, Tlingit - Dualism, Tlingit - Spirituality, Tlingit - Death and the Afterlife, Tlingit - Shamanism, Tlingit - Man and Nature, Tlingit - The Kooshdakhaa, Tlingit - History, Tlingit - Creation myth and the Raven Cycle, Tlingit - The Tlingit migration, Tlingit - Clan histories, Tlingit - First contact, Tlingit - Fur trade, Tlingit - Alaskan purchase, Tlingit - The bombing of Angoon, Tlingit - Territorial education and religion, Tlingit - ANB and recognizing rights, Tlingit - WWII, Tlingit - ANCSA, Tlingit - Today

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Main articles: Plantation economy and Slavery Slave labour was used extensively to work on early plantations (such as cotton plantations) in the southern states of the United States, and, in modern times, low wages paid to plantation workers are still a part of plantation profitability in some areas with minimal employee-protection legislation. Sugarcane plantations in the Caribbean and Brazil, worked by slave ...

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Plantation, Plantation - Forestry, Plantation - Industrial plantations, Plantation - Farm or home plantations, Plantation - Environmental plantations, Plantation - Ecological impact, Plantation - Plantations and natural forest loss, Plantation - Other types of plantation, Plantation - High value food crops, Plantation - Rubber, Plantation - Orchards, Plantation - Arable crops, Plantation - Slavery para-slavery and plantations, Plantation - Related matters

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In forestry, plantations of trees are typically grown as an even-aged monoculture for timber production. Plantations are also sometimes known as "man-made forests" or "tree farms", though this latter term more typically refers to specialist tree nurseries which produce the seedling trees used to create plantations. More generally, a plantation is forest land where trees are grown for commercial use, most often in a planted forest, but may also be in a naturally regenerated forest. In the United States, the term "Tree Farm" is a trademark of ...

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Plantation, Plantation - Forestry, Plantation - Industrial plantations, Plantation - Farm or home plantations, Plantation - Environmental plantations, Plantation - Ecological impact, Plantation - Plantations and natural forest loss, Plantation - Other types of plantation, Plantation - High value food crops, Plantation - Rubber, Plantation - Orchards, Plantation - Arable crops, Plantation - Slavery para-slavery and plantations, Plantation - Related matters

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Bodybuilding supplements - Anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids are hormones that promote cell growth and division, in the form of muscular hypertrophy. They are illegal for recreational use in most countries, but can be prescribed for various conditions in countries such as Canada. Bodybuilding supplements - Prohormones. Prohormones are precursors to hormones - most typically sold to bodybuilders as a precursor to the natural hormone testosterone. There are currently many kind ...

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Bodybuilding supplements, Bodybuilding supplements - Food, Bodybuilding supplements - Protein, Bodybuilding supplements - Meal Replacement, Bodybuilding supplements - Hormones, Bodybuilding supplements - Anabolic steroids, Bodybuilding supplements - Prohormones, Bodybuilding supplements - Human Growth Hormone, Bodybuilding supplements - Amino acids, Bodybuilding supplements - Glutamine, Bodybuilding supplements - BCAAs, Bodybuilding supplements - Other, Bodybuilding supplements - Creatine, Bodybuilding supplements - Insulin, Bodybuilding supplements - Natural Testosterone Boosters, Bodybuilding supplements - Nitric Oxide

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Although regulatory authorities like the FDA in the United States have banned many products from use in food due to safety concerns, debate still rages over the safety of those artificial colorings that are still permitted. In the USA, for example, the following artificial colorings are permitted in food: FD&C Blue No.1 - Brilliant Blue FCF FD&C Blue No.2 - Indigotine FD&C Green No.3 - Fast Green FCF FD&C Red No.40 - Allura Red AC FD&C Red No.3 - Erythrosine FD&C Yellow No.5 - TartrazineSee also:

Food coloring, Food coloring - Purpose of food coloring, Food coloring - Regulation, Food coloring - Natural food dyes, Food coloring - Health problems, Food coloring - Dyes and lakes, Food coloring - Other uses

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The practice of dieting in order to lose weight is ancient in its origins. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, physicians and patients regulated their food carefully, in order to prevent disease. In the 19th century, as the scientific classification of foods took shape, doctors and scientists began experimenting with targeted diets. William Banting is one of the first people known to have successfully lost weight by dieting, circa 1863, by targeting carbohydrates. (The low carbohydrate diet, marketed today as the A ...

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Dieting, Dieting - History, Dieting - What dieting is not, Dieting - Special diets for medical conditions, Dieting - Dieting techniques, Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss, Dieting - Thermoregulation, Dieting - Physical exercise with an example, Dieting - Fat loss versus muscle loss and the importance of exercise and protein intake, Dieting - Actual energy obtained from food, Dieting - How your body gets rid of fat, Dieting - Very Low Calorie Diets, Dieting - Pyschological aspects of dieting, Dieting - Weight loss groups, Dieting - Popular diets, Dieting - Grapefruit diet, Dieting - Low-fat diets, Dieting - Atkins, Dieting - Natural Diets, Dieting - Vegetarian diet, Dieting - Dangers of dieting, Dieting - Diet pills, Dieting - Yo-yo dieting, Dieting - Scientific analysis of the dangers of fasting, Dieting - Side effects

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Diets affect the energy in component of the energy balance by limiting or altering the distribution of foods. Techniques that affect the appetite can limit energy intake by affecting the desire to overeat. This can be attempted by focusing on foods that are filling, through the use of certain appetite-suppressing drugs, or through activities such as mild exercise, that affect appetite. Other techniques address habitual or emotional eating. Weight loss groups and popular "diet gurus" seek to help people deal with the psychologic ...

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Dieting, Dieting - History, Dieting - What dieting is not, Dieting - Special diets for medical conditions, Dieting - Dieting techniques, Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss, Dieting - Thermoregulation, Dieting - Physical exercise with an example, Dieting - Fat loss versus muscle loss and the importance of exercise and protein intake, Dieting - Actual energy obtained from food, Dieting - How your body gets rid of fat, Dieting - Very Low Calorie Diets, Dieting - Pyschological aspects of dieting, Dieting - Weight loss groups, Dieting - Popular diets, Dieting - Grapefruit diet, Dieting - Low-fat diets, Dieting - Atkins, Dieting - Natural Diets, Dieting - Vegetarian diet, Dieting - Dangers of dieting, Dieting - Diet pills, Dieting - Yo-yo dieting, Dieting - Scientific analysis of the dangers of fasting, Dieting - Side effects

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Crops may be called plantation crops because of their association with a specific type of farming economy. Most of these involve a large landowner, raising crops with economic value rather than for substistence, with a number of employees carrying out the work. Often it referred to crops newly introduced to a region. In past times it has been associated with slavery, indentured labour, and other economic models of high inequity. However, arable and dairy farming are both usually (but not always) excluded from such definitions. A comparable economic structure in antiquity was the latifundia that produced ...

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Plantation, Plantation - Forestry, Plantation - Industrial plantations, Plantation - Farm or home plantations, Plantation - Environmental plantations, Plantation - Ecological impact, Plantation - Plantations and natural forest loss, Plantation - Other types of plantation, Plantation - High value food crops, Plantation - Rubber, Plantation - Orchards, Plantation - Arable crops, Plantation - Slavery para-slavery and plantations, Plantation - Related matters

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Slave labour was used extensively to work on early plantations (such as cotton plantations) in the southern states of the United States, and, in modern times, low wages paid to plantation workers are still a part of plantation profitability in some areas with minimal employee-protection legislation. Sugarcane plantations in the Caribbean and Brazil, worked by slave labour, are perhaps the best example of the plantation system at its height. In more recent times, overt slavery has been replaced by para-slavery or slavery- ...

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Plantation, Plantation - Forestry, Plantation - Industrial plantations, Plantation - Farm or home plantations, Plantation - Environmental plantations, Plantation - Ecological impact, Plantation - Plantations and natural forest loss, Plantation - Other types of plantation, Plantation - High value food crops, Plantation - Rubber, Plantation - Orchards, Plantation - Arable crops, Plantation - Slavery para-slavery and plantations, Plantation - Related matters

Read more here: » Plantation: Encyclopedia II - Plantation - Slavery para-slavery and plantations

Apart from man, the same predators in Europe also inhabit Asia except that there are also Asiatic black bears, dholes, tigers, leopards, and snow leopards that prey on red deer and wapitis. The Irish pound coin features a large red deer. Red Deer - History. Red Deer first appear in fossil records around 13 million years ago in Eurasia. For centuries, the wild deer of Britain were reserved exclusively for royalty to hunt. William I of England introduced the death penalty for killing a deer, an ...

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Red Deer, Red Deer - Subspecies, Red Deer - In Europe, Red Deer - In Asia, Red Deer - History, Red Deer - In North America, Red Deer - Cultural aspects, Red Deer - History, Red Deer - North American subspecies, Red Deer - Distribution, Red Deer - Rocky Mountain Elk, Red Deer - Life cycle, Red Deer - Elk habitat and food, Red Deer - Other Subspecies, Red Deer - Natural enemies, Red Deer - Rutting behavior, Red Deer - External references

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Elk (also known as Wapiti, a Shawnee name meaning 'white rump') are an Old World deer species that originated in Eurasia and spread to North America, crossing the Bering Land Bridge during the ice age. North American elk were once considered a separate species, and the Eurasian red deer another species. Scientists now consider the North American Elk and Eurasian red deer to be the same, though distinctions between the two live on in the language. European red deer will interbreed with American elk, when penned together, and the offspring are ...

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Red Deer, Red Deer - Subspecies, Red Deer - In Europe, Red Deer - In Asia, Red Deer - History, Red Deer - In North America, Red Deer - Cultural aspects, Red Deer - History, Red Deer - North American subspecies, Red Deer - Distribution, Red Deer - Rocky Mountain Elk, Red Deer - Life cycle, Red Deer - Elk habitat and food, Red Deer - Other Subspecies, Red Deer - Natural enemies, Red Deer - Rutting behavior, Red Deer - External references

Read more here: » Red Deer: Encyclopedia II - Red Deer - In North America

Adult Red Deer usually stay in single-sex groups for most of the year, coming together to mate during October. During the mating ritual, called the rut, mature stags compete for the attentions of the hinds and will then try to defend hinds that they attract. Rival stags challenge opponents by bellowing and walking in parallel. If neither stag backs down a clash of antlers can occur, and stags sometimes sustain serious injuries. Dominant bulls (stags) herd groups of cows (hinds) during the rut, from August into early winter. The bulls may have as many as 50 ...

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Red Deer, Red Deer - Subspecies, Red Deer - In Europe, Red Deer - In Asia, Red Deer - History, Red Deer - In North America, Red Deer - Cultural aspects, Red Deer - History, Red Deer - North American subspecies, Red Deer - Distribution, Red Deer - Rocky Mountain Elk, Red Deer - Life cycle, Red Deer - Elk habitat and food, Red Deer - Other Subspecies, Red Deer - Natural enemies, Red Deer - Rutting behavior, Red Deer - External references

Read more here: » Red Deer: Encyclopedia II - Red Deer - Rutting behavior

Bodybuilding supplements - Glutamine. Glutamine is an amino acid used in the immune system and muscle cells. A deficiency can lead to a weakened immune system and wasting of muscle tissue. Many bodybuilders supplement with glutamine. It plays a vital role in protein synthesis.Sold as a micronized, instantly soluble powder. Glutamine helps rebuild muscle tissue and increases their ability to recover and rebuild. Research has shown glutamine helps the body increase HGH production, and has benefits for the Gastrointestinal Tract. Others argue that gluatamine also causes a la ...

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Bodybuilding supplements, Bodybuilding supplements - Food, Bodybuilding supplements - Protein, Bodybuilding supplements - Meal Replacement, Bodybuilding supplements - Hormones, Bodybuilding supplements - Anabolic steroids, Bodybuilding supplements - Prohormones, Bodybuilding supplements - Human Growth Hormone, Bodybuilding supplements - Amino acids, Bodybuilding supplements - Glutamine, Bodybuilding supplements - BCAAs, Bodybuilding supplements - Other, Bodybuilding supplements - Creatine, Bodybuilding supplements - Insulin, Bodybuilding supplements - Natural Testosterone Boosters, Bodybuilding supplements - Nitric Oxide

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Dieting, at least for the purposes of this article, is following a diet to lose weight. Other reasons for following a diet include religious and psychological motives and the pursuit of athletic prowess. Certain religions (such as Judaism, Hinduism and Islam) impose strict restrictions on food choices and preparation, in accordance with edict and tradition. Following traditional diets is not dieting per se, but these ...

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Dieting, Dieting - History, Dieting - What dieting is not, Dieting - Special diets for medical conditions, Dieting - Dieting techniques, Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss, Dieting - Thermoregulation, Dieting - Physical exercise with an example, Dieting - Fat loss versus muscle loss and the importance of exercise and protein intake, Dieting - Actual energy obtained from food, Dieting - How your body gets rid of fat, Dieting - Very Low Calorie Diets, Dieting - Pyschological aspects of dieting, Dieting - Weight loss groups, Dieting - Popular diets, Dieting - Grapefruit diet, Dieting - Low-fat diets, Dieting - Atkins, Dieting - Natural Diets, Dieting - Vegetarian diet, Dieting - Dangers of dieting, Dieting - Diet pills, Dieting - Yo-yo dieting, Dieting - Scientific analysis of the dangers of fasting, Dieting - Side effects

Read more here: » Dieting: Encyclopedia II - Dieting - What dieting is not

Successful weight loss requires that energy expenditure exceeds energy intake (from food). Dieting - Thermoregulation. According to the principles of thermoregulation, humans are endotherms. We expend energy to maintain our blood temperature at about 37 °C (98.6 °F). This is accomplished by shivering to stay warm, by sweating to stay cool, and by other means. In addition to thermoregulation, humans expend energy keeping the vital organs (especially the lungs, heart and brain) functioning. Except w ...

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Dieting, Dieting - History, Dieting - What dieting is not, Dieting - Special diets for medical conditions, Dieting - Dieting techniques, Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss, Dieting - Thermoregulation, Dieting - Physical exercise with an example, Dieting - Fat loss versus muscle loss and the importance of exercise and protein intake, Dieting - Actual energy obtained from food, Dieting - How your body gets rid of fat, Dieting - Very Low Calorie Diets, Dieting - Pyschological aspects of dieting, Dieting - Weight loss groups, Dieting - Popular diets, Dieting - Grapefruit diet, Dieting - Low-fat diets, Dieting - Atkins, Dieting - Natural Diets, Dieting - Vegetarian diet, Dieting - Dangers of dieting, Dieting - Diet pills, Dieting - Yo-yo dieting, Dieting - Scientific analysis of the dangers of fasting, Dieting - Side effects

Read more here: » Dieting: Encyclopedia II - Dieting - Scientific principles of weight loss

If considering a system for the economics, run the numbers with real utility prices. Most utilities have prices 5-10% below the amortized price of the mass-produced rural systems they replace (e.g., electricity will be just below the fuel costs and amortization of a generator powered from natural gas). However, many people pay for utilities from after-tax income, so even the simplest home-based utilities can be 15-45% more efficient by creating untaxed value. Clever purchasing (e.g. in internet co-ops) can cut capital costs. Unless the area has local nuclear or hydroelectric power, new construction ...

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Autonomous building, Autonomous building - Theory, Autonomous building - History, Autonomous building - Practicality, Autonomous building - Maintenance Systems, Autonomous building - Water, Autonomous building - Sewage, Autonomous building - Storm drains, Autonomous building - Electricity, Autonomous building - Heating, Autonomous building - Water heating, Autonomous building - Cooling, Autonomous building - Food, Autonomous building - Communication, Autonomous building - Financing

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The term Raw Food Diet, has come to embody as diverse a set of definitions as there are types of food. While most "'raw foodists'" are vegetarian or vegan, some are also carnivorous or omnivorous. Most of the foods consumed in a typical vegan raw food diet are fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. The exact definition of raw food varies, but the general consensus is that a food has not been altered by any method which would alter the chemical structure, especially through cooking, freez ...

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Raw food diet, Raw food diet - Overview, Raw food diet - History, Raw food diet - Food preparation, Raw food diet - Beliefs and research, Raw food diet - Raw food movement, Raw food diet - Criticism, Raw food diet - Poisoning

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Proponents of a raw food diet believe it dates to prehistoric eras, before humans discovered fire. Those who believe that prehistoric humans were largely non-carnivorous vegetarians believe that the human digestive system is largely configured to eat a mainly raw, mainly vegetarian diet, while those who believe their primitive ancestors to have been chiefly hunters, believe the opposite to be true. There are as many shades of variance between the two positions as there is historical evidence for a wide range of hunter gatherer activities, ra ...

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Raw food diet, Raw food diet - Overview, Raw food diet - History, Raw food diet - Food preparation, Raw food diet - Beliefs and research, Raw food diet - Raw food movement, Raw food diet - Criticism, Raw food diet - Poisoning

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Most foods in raw food diets are simple in preparation, and can be eaten immediately. These include fruit and salads. Other foods can require considerable advanced planning to prepare for eating. Rice and some other grains, for example, require sprouting or overnight soaking to become edible. Preparation of gourmet raw food recipes usually call for a blender, food processor, juicer, and dehydrator. Depending on the recipe, some food (such as cakes) may need to be dehydrated. These processes, which emulate cooked food, are lengthy: some adherents of the diet consequently dispense with these foods, feeling that t ...

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Raw food diet, Raw food diet - Overview, Raw food diet - History, Raw food diet - Food preparation, Raw food diet - Beliefs and research, Raw food diet - Raw food movement, Raw food diet - Criticism, Raw food diet - Poisoning

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Those who follow this way of eating generally believe that: Raw foods contain enzymes which act as catalysts to regulate the digestive process in the body. Heating (or freezing) food degrades or destroys these enzymes in food. Food without enzymes is thought to lead in the longer term to toxicity in the body, to excess consumption of food, and therefore to obesity. Living and raw foods are thought to usually have much higher nut ...

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Raw food diet, Raw food diet - Overview, Raw food diet - History, Raw food diet - Food preparation, Raw food diet - Beliefs and research, Raw food diet - Raw food movement, Raw food diet - Criticism, Raw food diet - Poisoning

Read more here: » Raw food diet: Encyclopedia II - Raw food diet - Beliefs and research

Leading proponents of the raw food movement currently include Doug Graham, Nora Lenz, Victoria Boutenko, Jinjee and Storm Talifero, Gabriel Cousens, Shazzie and Alissa Cohen. They have led thousands of people to become more aware of raw foodism through their lectures, books and web sites. Latter day proponents include Ann Wigmore (founder of the Hippocrates Health Institute, Arnold Ehret (author and authority on fasting), A Hovannessian and Norman Walker (who advocated the consumption of juices). It's reporte ...

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Raw food diet, Raw food diet - Overview, Raw food diet - History, Raw food diet - Food preparation, Raw food diet - Beliefs and research, Raw food diet - Raw food movement, Raw food diet - Criticism, Raw food diet - Poisoning

Read more here: » Raw food diet: Encyclopedia II - Raw food diet - Raw food movement