Calamus has been an item of trade in many cultures for thousands of years. Calamus has been used medicinally for a wide variety of ailments. In antiquity in the Orient and Egypt, the rhizome was thought to be a powerful aphrodisiac. In Europe Acorus calamus was often added to wine, and the root is also one of the possible ingredients of absinthe. Among the northern Native Americans, it is used both medicinally and as a stimulant; in addition, the root is thought to have been used as an entheogen among the northern Native Americans. In high doses, it is hallucinogenic; Calamus has been used ...

See also:

Acorus, Acorus - Characteristics, Acorus - Species, Acorus - Chemistry, Acorus - Regulations, Acorus - Usage, Acorus - Cultural symbolism, Acorus - Etymology of the word Calamus

Read more here: » Acorus: Encyclopedia II - Acorus - Usage

Calamus has been an item of trade in many cultures for thousands of years. Calamus has been used medicinally for a wide variety of ailments. In antiquity in the Orient and Egypt, the rhizome was thought to be a powerful aphrodisiac. In Europe Acorus calamus was often added to wine, and the root is also one of the possible ingredients of absinthe. Among the northern Native Americans, it is used both medicinally and as a stimulant; in addition, the root is thought to have been used as an entheogen among the northern Native Americans. In high doses, it is hallucinogenic; Calamus has been ...

See also:

Sweet Flag, Sweet Flag - Botanical information, Sweet Flag - Chemistry, Sweet Flag - Regulations, Sweet Flag - Usage, Sweet Flag - Cultural symbolism, Sweet Flag - Etymology of the word Calamus

Read more here: » Sweet Flag: Encyclopedia II - Sweet Flag - Usage

List of people from New Mexico - Film/Theater. Bruce Cabot (1904–1972), actor Ronny Cox (1938–), actor William Hanna (1910–2001), animator, director, producer, cartoon artist, and co-founder, together with Joseph Barbera, of Hanna-Barbera Neil Patrick Harris (1973–), actor Mike Judge (1962–), actor, animator, producer Val Kilmer (1959–), actor Demi Moore (1962–), actress Freddie Prinze Jr. (1975, actor) Raised in New Mexico Kim Stanley (1925â ...

See also:

List of people from New Mexico, List of people from New Mexico - Native Americans, List of people from New Mexico - Public Figures, List of people from New Mexico - Entertainment, List of people from New Mexico - Film/Theater, List of people from New Mexico - Music, List of people from New Mexico - Business, List of people from New Mexico - Art/Literature/Journalism, List of people from New Mexico - Science/Medicine, List of people from New Mexico - Aviation/Aeronautics, List of people from New Mexico - Athletics, List of people from New Mexico - Lawmen, List of people from New Mexico - Infamous New Mexicans, List of people from New Mexico - Other

Read more here: » List of people from New Mexico: Encyclopedia II - List of people from New Mexico - Entertainment

The bark of the willow tree has been mentioned in ancient texts from Assyria, Sumeria and Egypt as a remedy for aches and fever, and the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote about its medicinal properties in the 5th century BC. Native Americans across the American continent relied on it as a staple of their medical treatments. The active extract of the bark, called salicin, was isolated to its crystalline form in 1828 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist, and Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, who then succeeded in separating out the acid in its pure state. Salicin is acidic when in a saturated solution in water (pH = 2.4) ...

See also:

Willow, Willow - Medicinal properties, Willow - Uses

Read more here: » Willow: Encyclopedia II - Willow - Medicinal properties

In the sandpainting of southwestern Native Americans (the most famous of which are the Navajo), the Medicine Man (or Singer) paints loosely upon the ground, or on some occasions, on a buckskin or cloth tarp, by letting the colored sands flow through his fingers with control and skill. The colors for the painting are usually made with naturally colored sand, crushed gypsum (white), yellow ochre, red sandstone, charcoal, and a mixture of charcoal and gypsum (blue). Brown can be made by mixing red and black; red and white make pink. Other coloring agents ...

See also:

Sandpainting, Sandpainting - Native American Sandpainting, Sandpainting - Tibetan Sand Painting, Sandpainting - Other Sandpainting

Read more here: » Sandpainting: Encyclopedia II - Sandpainting - Native American Sandpainting

Fetish

(derived from a Portuguese word for medals and crucifixes worn by sailors and extended by them to amulets used by Africans; first used as a generic term by Ch. de Brosses in 1760)

1)    An article of paraphernalia used in religious practice, or a physical object representative of religious authority. Fetishes commonly are misunderstood to be objects accorded magical or supernatural powers by their users. Objects such as the perfect ear of corn or Corn Mother, important in religious practices of Pueblos (American Southwest), medicine bundles of various North American tribes, and objects that represent the religious authority of clans in Native American communities are often referred to as fetishes.

2)    Small carved stone objects and feather arrangements, with no religious significance, manufactured for commercial sale by modern Native American peoples.

3)    An object or body part that arouses sexual desire, sometimes to the exclusion of genital attraction.

(See also: Fetish, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Fetish

(derived from a Portuguese word for medals and crucifixes worn by sailors and extended by them to amulets used by Africans; first used as a generic term by Ch. de Brosses in 1760)

1)    An article of paraphernalia used in religious practice, or a physical object representative of religious authority. Fetishes commonly are misunderstood to be objects accorded magical or supernatural powers by their users. Objects such as the perfect ear of corn or Corn Mother, important in religious practices of Pueblos (American Southwest), medicine bundles of various North American tribes, and objects that represent the religious authority of clans in Native American communities are often referred to as fetishes.

1)    Small carved stone objects and feather arrangements, with no religious significance, manufactured for commercial sale by modern Native American peoples.

1)    An object or body part that arouses sexual desire, sometimes to the exclusion of genital attraction.

(See also: Fetish, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Fetish

(derived from a Portuguese word for medals and crucifixes worn by sailors and extended by them to amulets used by Africans; first used as a generic term by Ch. de Brosses in 1760)

1)    An article of paraphernalia used in religious practice, or a physical object representative of religious authority. Fetishes commonly are misunderstood to be objects accorded magical or supernatural powers by their users. Objects such as the perfect ear of corn or Corn Mother, important in religious practices of Pueblos (American Southwest), medicine bundles of various North American tribes, and objects that represent the religious authority of clans in Native American communities are often referred to as fetishes.

2)    Small carved stone objects and feather arrangements, with no religious significance, manufactured for commercial sale by modern Native American peoples.

3)    An object or body part that arouses sexual desire, sometimes to the exclusion of genital attraction.

(See also: Fetish, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Marah oreganus was used by the Native Americans for various problems. The Chinook made a poultice from the gourd. The Squaxin mashed the upper stalk in water to dip aching hands. The Chehalis burned the root and mixed the resulting powder with bear grease to apply to scrofula sores. The Coast Salish made a decoction to treat venereal disease, kidney trouble and scrofula sores. Seeds of Marah fabaceus have been reported as being hallucinogenic. The tubers of m. fabaceus & m. macrocarpus contain saponins which can act as ...

See also:

Manroot, Manroot - Medicinal uses, Manroot - Species in genus Marah

Read more here: » Manroot: Encyclopedia II - Manroot - Medicinal uses

OU is composed of nineteen colleges, and is well known for its meteorology, petroleum engineering, law, Native American studies, history of science, and dance programs. While the two main campuses are located in Norman and Oklahoma City, affiliated programs in Tulsa expand access for students in eastern Oklahoma. Programs in Tulsa include: medicine, pharmacy, nursing, public health, allied health and liberal studies. Bizzell Memorial Library is the largest research library in the state, and contains many unique collections including the history of science collections. See also:

University of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma - Academics, University of Oklahoma - Colleges of OU, University of Oklahoma - Notable Alumni, University of Oklahoma - Athletics, University of Oklahoma - Media, University of Oklahoma - Museums and collections, University of Oklahoma - October 1 bombing, University of Oklahoma - Awards and distinctions

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For centuries, the Guarani Native Americans of Paraguay and Brazil used Stevia species, primarily S. rebaudiana which they called ka'a he'ê ("sweet herb"), as a sweetener in yerba mate and medicinal teas for treating such conditions as obesity, high blood pressure, and heartburn. It has recently seen greater attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternatives, and is widely used as a sweetener in Japan, and is available in the US and Cana ...

See also:

Stevia, Stevia - Uses, Stevia - Health concerns and limits on use, Stevia - Books

Read more here: » Stevia: Encyclopedia II - Stevia - Uses

SHAMAN:

1) a practitioner of SHAMANISM. Person who has obtained knowledge of the subtler aspects of the World by periods of alternate states of consciousness. Native Americans are quite adamant that only an 'Indian' can truly practice such with any real knowledge & others are just fakes & game players, who 'practice' at the expense of respect & truth of what Shamanism is really about.

2) A title given to either a male or female initiate of a religious priesthood usually associated with native American, African, Asian or Australian traditions. Pagan rather than Wiccan.

3) Comes from the extinct Ural-Altaic language called Tungus. They are the priests and medicine men of old tribal societies worldwide. Shamans or Shamankas, the feminine form, practiced in every known culture, and many are still active today. In many vernaculars the native word for shaman roughly translates into "walker between the worlds." In Celtic terms, Shamanic traditions are thought to relate to the stellar, or heavenly, planetary deities, as opposed to the deities of the earth and her functions.

(See also: SHAMAN, Witchcraft, Wicca, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Native Americans used tobacco before Europeans arrived in America, and early European settlers in America learned to smoke and brought the practice back to Europe, where it became hugely popular. At extremely high doses, tobacco becomes hallucinogenic; accordingly, Native Americans generally did not use the drug recreationally. Rather, it was often consumed in extraordinarily high quantities and used as an entheogen; generally, this was done only by experienced shamans or medicine men. In addition to being smoked, uncured tobacco was often e ...

See also:

Tobacco, Tobacco - History, Tobacco - Cultivation, Tobacco - Sowing, Tobacco - Transplanting, Tobacco - Topping and suckering, Tobacco - Harvest, Tobacco - Pests, Tobacco - Curing, Tobacco - Post-cure processing, Tobacco - Types, Tobacco - Fire-cured, Tobacco - Brightleaf tobacco, Tobacco - White burley, Tobacco - Shade tobacco, Tobacco - Perique, Tobacco - Tobacco products, Tobacco - Snuff, Tobacco - Gutka, Tobacco - Creamy snuff, Tobacco - Tobacco water, Tobacco - Bibliography

Read more here: » Tobacco: Encyclopedia II - Tobacco - History

In biomedical research conducted in the U.S., the 2000 US census definition of race is often applied. This grouping recognizes five races: black or African American, white, Asian, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska native. However, this definition is inconsistently applied across the range of studies that address race as a medical factor, making assessment of the utility of racial categorization in medicine more difficult. From the perspective of genetics, human population structure is the ...

See also:

Race in biomedicine, Race in biomedicine - Racial ethnic and ancestral categories in genetics research, Race in biomedicine - The effects of racial and ethnic identities on health, Race in biomedicine - The allelic architecture of disease, Race in biomedicine - Population substructure in genetics research, Race in biomedicine - Disease association studies, Race in biomedicine - Concept of race, Race in biomedicine - Genetic differences among races, Race in biomedicine - Genetic labelling

Read more here: » Race in biomedicine: Encyclopedia II - Race in biomedicine - Concept of race

Tobacco smoking, using both pipes and cigars, was common to many Native American cultures of the Americas. It is depicted in the art of the Classic-era Maya civilization about 1,500 years ago. The Mayans smoked tobacco and also mixed it with lime and chewed it in a snuff-like substance. Among the Mayans tobacco was used as an all-purpose medicine, and was widely believed to have magical powers, being used in divinations and talismans. It was also burned as a sacrifice to the gods; a tob ...

See also:

Tobacco smoking, Tobacco smoking - History, Tobacco smoking - Health effects, Tobacco smoking - Smoking cessation, Tobacco smoking - Moral aspects, Tobacco smoking - Legal issues & Regulation, Tobacco smoking - Notes

Read more here: » Tobacco smoking: Encyclopedia II - Tobacco smoking - History

Tobacco smoking, using both pipes and cigars, was common to many Native American cultures of the Americas. It is depicted in the art of the Classic-era Maya civilization about 1,500 years ago. The Mayans smoked tobacco and also mixed it with lime and chewed it in a snuff-like substance. Among the Mayans tobacco was used as an all-purpose medicine, and was widely believed to have magical powers, being used in divinations and talismans. It was also burned as a sacrifice to the gods; a tob ...

See also:

Tobacco smoking, Tobacco smoking - History, Tobacco smoking - Health effects, Tobacco smoking - Smoking cessation, Tobacco smoking - Moral and religious considerations, Tobacco smoking - Legal issues & Regulation, Tobacco smoking - Notes

Read more here: » Tobacco smoking: Encyclopedia II - Tobacco smoking - History

In pre-Columbian times, the Río Colorado (Colorado River) delta was inhabited by a centuries-long succession of Yumano tribes. When the Spanish first stumbled upon the delta after traversing, with great difficulty, the Sonoran Desert's Camino del Diablo ("Devil's Road"), a sophisticated Río Colorado culture was cultivating squash, melons, peas, and five colors of corn: yellow, blue, white, red, and blue-white. The Native Americans also possessed an impressive knowledge of medicinal herbs and employed desert plants like mesquite and agave i ...

See also:

Mexicali, Mexicali - History, Mexicali - The building of an agricultural empire, Mexicali - People from Mexicali

Read more here: » Mexicali: Encyclopedia II - Mexicali - History

The series begins in the 1820s and is told through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler (Matthew Settle) and Loved By the Buffalo (Joseph M. Marshall III). The plot follows the story of two families, one white American, one Native American, as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion. The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events. Growling Bear (Gordon Tootoosis), An elderly Lakota medicine man, has an apocalyptic vision that the buffalo his people rely upon will soon vanish ...

See also:

Into the West miniseries, Into the West miniseries - Episode 1 - Wheel to the Stars, Into the West miniseries - Episode 2 - Manifest Destiny, Into the West miniseries - Episode 3 - Dreams and Schemes, Into the West miniseries - Episode 4 - Hell on Wheels, Into the West miniseries - Episode 5 - Casualties of War, Into the West miniseries - Episode 6 - Ghost Dance, Into the West miniseries - DVD

Read more here: » Into the West miniseries: Encyclopedia II - Into the West miniseries - Episode 1 - Wheel to the Stars

As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there are 55,593 people, 24,099 households, and 14,266 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,527.7/km² (3,955.7/mi²). There are 27,837 housing units at an average density of 765.0/km² (1,980.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 76.21% White, 18.72% African American, 1.64% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.68% from other races, and 1.99% from two or more races. 2.00 ...

See also:

Niagara Falls New York, Niagara Falls New York - History, Niagara Falls New York - Geography, Niagara Falls New York - Demographics, Niagara Falls New York - Art and culture, Niagara Falls New York - Religious Activities, Niagara Falls New York - Medicine

Read more here: » Niagara Falls New York: Encyclopedia II - Niagara Falls New York - Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 12,974 people, 4,344 households, and 3,392 families residing in the town. The population density is 290.6/km² (752.6/mi²). There are 4,427 housing units at an average density of 99.1/km² (256.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 96.91% White, 0.99% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more rac ...

See also:

East Bridgewater Massachusetts, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - History, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Geography, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Demographics, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - People, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Education, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Arts and Entertainment, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Economy, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Health and Medicine, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Media, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Transportation, East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Recent Problems

Read more here: » East Bridgewater Massachusetts: Encyclopedia II - East Bridgewater Massachusetts - Demographics

As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there are 16,992 people, 6,779 households, and 4,602 families residing in the city. The population density is 365.9/km² (947.4/mi²). There are 7,428 housing units at an average density of 160.0/km² (414.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 75.52% White, 22.36% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.49% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. 1.20% of ...

See also:

Sikeston Missouri, Sikeston Missouri - Geography, Sikeston Missouri - Demographics, Sikeston Missouri - Attractions, Sikeston Missouri - Trivia, Sikeston Missouri - Military History, Sikeston Missouri - Lynching of Cleo Wright, Sikeston Missouri - Medicine, Sikeston Missouri - Education, Sikeston Missouri - Journalism, Sikeston Missouri - Music, Sikeston Missouri - Transportation, Sikeston Missouri - Economy, Sikeston Missouri - Sister cities, Sikeston Missouri - People from Sikeston

Read more here: » Sikeston Missouri: Encyclopedia II - Sikeston Missouri - Demographics

As of the censusGR2 of 2000 there are 77,906 people, 31,381 households, and 16,945 families residing in the city. The population density is 534.8/km² (1,385.2/mi²). There are 34,857 housing units at an average density of 239.3/km² (619.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 54.09% White, 42.73% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.49% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.63% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. 1.40% of ...

See also:

Tuscaloosa Alabama, Tuscaloosa Alabama - History, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Geography and Climate, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Demographics, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Government and Politics, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Economy, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Education, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Media, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Infrastructure, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Health and medicine, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Transportation, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Points of interest, Tuscaloosa Alabama - Notes and References

Read more here: » Tuscaloosa Alabama: Encyclopedia II - Tuscaloosa Alabama - Demographics