A Wisdom Archive on National Physique Committee

Female bodybuilding - Beginnings. Physique contests for women date back to at least the 1960s, with contests like the Miss Physique and Miss Americana. However, these early "bodybuilding" contests were really not much more than bikini contests. The first U.S. Women's National Physique Championship was held in Canton, Ohio in 1978, and is generally regarded as the first true female bodybuilding contest - that is, the first contest where ...

Read more here: » Female bodybuilding: Encyclopedia II - Female bodybuilding - History

It is argued by some that the way female body builders are often treated is a form of sexism. Whereas male bodybuilders are typically judged by relatively objective standards, such as "muscularity" and "symmetry," female bodybuilders tend to be judged on criteria of "femininity" and "beauty" as well. The standards of judging are constantly changed and set mainly by men. Female bodybuilders are often mocked and viewed ...

Read more here: » Female bodybuilding: Encyclopedia II - Female bodybuilding - Standards and Sexist Discrimination

Test debut: 6 September 1880 Last Test: 3 June 1899 Source: [1] William Gilbert Grace (July 18, 1848–October 23, 1915) was an English cricketer who, by his extraordinary skills, made cricket perhaps the first modern spectator sport, and who developed most of the techniques of modern batting. In a career spanning nearly forty years, he averaged 39.45 at first class level, an average undoubtedly dragged down by playing into his late fifties. At his peak in the 1870s his first-class season averages were ... Including:

• W. G. Grace - Family
• W. G. Grace - Athletic abilities
• W. G. Grace - First Class career
• W. G. Grace - Fielding and bowling
• W. G. Grace - Profession
• W. G. Grace - Early career
• W. G. Grace - Tours
• W. G. Grace - Records and statistics
• W. G. Grace - Highest score
• W. G. Grace - Double centuries
• W. G. Grace - Centuries
• W. G. Grace - Partnerships and other miscellaneous statistics
• W. G. Grace - Season totals
• W. G. Grace - Other feats
• W. G. Grace - The Double
• W. G. Grace - Bowling records
• W. G. Grace - 1895
• W. G. Grace - Gentlemen v Players 1898
• W. G. Grace - Unconfirmed stories
• W. G. Grace - Career overview

Read more here: » W. G. Grace: Encyclopedia - W. G. Grace

A Kohen (or Cohen, Hebrew "priest", pl. Kohanim or Cohanim), assumed to be a direct male descendant of the Biblical Aaron, brother of Moses, has a distinct personal status within Judaism. Kohen - The high priest. Kohen - Biblical data. Aaron, though he is but rarely called "the great priest," being generally simply designated "as ha-kohen" (the priest), was the first incumbent of the office, to which he was appointed by God (Ex. xxviii. 1, 2; xxix. 4, 5). Th ... Including:

• Kohen - The high priest
• Kohen - Biblical data
• Kohen - Age and qualifications
• Kohen - His costume
• Kohen - Sanctity and functions
• Kohen - In rabbinical literature
• Kohen - His powers
• Kohen - Restrictions
• Kohen - Critical view
• Kohen - Post-Exilic conditions
• Kohen - Political aspects
• Kohen - Connection with Sanhedrin
• Kohen - The priesthood in the Hebrew Bible
• Kohen - Importance of pedigree
• Kohen - Rules protecting against ritual defilement
• Kohen - Exceptions to rules for contact with the dead
• Kohen - Division into work groups
• Kohen - Post-Temple theology and practice
• Kohen - Women and the priesthood
• Kohen - Marriages involving Kohanim
• Kohen - Historic and present-day Orthodox Judaism view
• Kohen - Reform view
• Kohen - Conservative Judaism view
• Kohen - Kohanim in contemporary times
• Kohen - Orthodox Jewish views
• Kohen - Conservative and Masorti Jewish views
• Kohen - Reform and Reconstructionist Jewish views
• Kohen - Who is a Priest?
• Kohen - Recent genetic findings: The Kohen gene
• Kohen - Cohen as a surname
• Kohen - Outside Judaism
• Kohen - Trivia
• Kohen - Bibliography

Read more here: » Kohen: Encyclopedia - Kohen

Najibullah was born in Kabul of a Ahmadzai Ghilzai Pashtun family. He was educated at Habibia High School and Kabul University, where he graduated with a degree in Medicine in 1975. He joined the Parcham faction of the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) in 1965. Despite being regarded as an intelligent man, he was referred to as Najib-e Gaw (the Bull) by his opponents due to his physique. The PDPA staged a successful coup in 1978, but the Khalq faction of the PDPA gained supremacy, and after a brief stint as ambassador in Tehran, Najibullah was dismi ...

Read more here: » Mohammad Najibullah: Encyclopedia II - Mohammad Najibullah - Early Years

Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois, the second of two sons to Catholic, Irish-American democrat John "Jack" Reagan and Nelle Wilson, who was of Scottish and English descent. His paternal great-grandfather, Michael Reagan, immigrated to the United States from Ballyporeen, County Tipperary, Ireland in the 1860s. Prior to his immigration, the family name was spelled Regan. His maternal great-grandfather, John Wilson, immigrated to the U ...

Read more here: » Ronald Reagan: Encyclopedia II - Ronald Reagan - Early life and career

For the first two years of his residence he was miserable. He was homesick; he continually broke through the restraints imposed on young "writers"; and he was rarely out of trouble with his fellows, with one of whom he fought a duel. The effect of the climate on his health began to show itself in those fits of depression during one of which he eventually ended his life. His companions claimed, though he himself never spoke of it, that he twice snapped a pistol at his head in vain. His one solace was found in the governor's library, where he sought ...

Read more here: » Robert Clive 1st Baron Clive: Encyclopedia II - Robert Clive 1st Baron Clive - Arrival in India