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National Liberation Front | A Wisdom Archive on National Liberation Front | | National Liberation Front A selection of articles related to National Liberation Front | |
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National Liberation Front
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO National Liberation Front | | | |  National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - History of Vietnam - Early IndependenceThe Vietnamese threw off Chinese domination in 938 AD. At the battle on the Bạch Đằng River in North Vietnam, Ngô Quyền defeated the Southern Han's navy and established the Ngô dynasty.
After Ngô Quyền's death, a power struggle ensued between his family members and generals, and the kingdom fell into disorder. A civil war broke out among the Twelve Warlords (12 Sứ quân) and lasted for two decades. One of the warlords, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, defeated the others and set up the Đinh dynasty. He is referred to as Đinh Tiên Hoàng (Đinh the Previous Emperor) ...
See also:History of Vietnam, History of Vietnam - Origins, History of Vietnam - Early Independence, History of Vietnam - Dynastic Period, History of Vietnam - The Changing Names, History of Vietnam - Colonization, History of Vietnam - Post World War II Period, History of Vietnam - Aftermath of the Vietnam War and Reunification, History of Vietnam - Cambodia and the Sino-Vietnamese War, History of Vietnam - 1980s, History of Vietnam - Reforms Read more here: » History of Vietnam: Encyclopedia II - History of Vietnam - Early Independence |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Military decorations Since 2002, the United States military has authorized several new military awards and decorations related to the "War on Terrorism" including:
"Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal"
"Global War on Terrorism Service Medal"
"9-11 Medal"
"9-11 Ribbon"
In June of 2005, the "Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal" was replaced by the following two medals:
"Afghanistan Campaign Medal"< ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and Criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' Opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes Read more here: » War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Military decorations |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States The current "War on Terrorism" has been primarily an initiative of the United States. Daniel J. Gallington wrote:
Despite the antiterrorism rhetoric of the U.N. and the major world powers, and with the very significant exception of Great Britain and a few others, we are in a world war against radical Islam by ourselves. [5]
Soon after and in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks, President George W. Bush announced his intention to begin a "War on Terrorism" a protr ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and Criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' Opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes Read more here: » War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies In a January 3, 2005, editorial in the Toronto Star, Jonathan Stevenson, a senior fellow for counterterrorism at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (US) writes "the strategic objective of the global war on terror is to completely isolate Al Qaeda's maximialist leadership and disempower local jihadist affiliates." [9]
The United States has based its counter-terrorist strategy on several steps:
Denial of safe havens in which terrorists can train and equip members.
Restriction of funding of terrorist ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and Criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' Opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes Read more here: » War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - International support On September 12, 2001, less than 24 hours after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, NATO invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty and declared the attacks to be an attack against all 19 NATO member countries.
In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On November 22, 2002, the member states of the EAPC decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism which explicitly states that "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and Criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' Opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes Read more here: » War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - International support |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties - M
List of political parties - Macau.
More info can be found at List of political parties in Macau
Aliança para Desenvolvimento de Macau (Alliance for the Development of Macau)
Associação de Apoio à Comunidade e Proximidade do Povo (Association for Helping the Community and Engagement with the People)
Associação de Novo Macau Democrático (New Democratic Macau Association)
Associação dos Cidadãos Unidos de Macau (United Citi ...
See also:List of political parties, List of political parties - Introduction, List of political parties - Parties by country, List of political parties - A, List of political parties - Abkhazia, List of political parties - Afghanistan, List of political parties - Åland, List of political parties - Albania, List of political parties - Algeria, List of political parties - American Samoa, List of political parties - Andorra, List of political parties - Angola, List of political parties - Anguilla, List of political parties - Antigua and Barbuda, List of political parties - Argentina, List of political parties - Armenia, List of political parties - Aruba, List of political parties - Australia, List of political parties - Austria, List of political parties - Azerbaijan, List of political parties - B, List of political parties - Bahamas, List of political parties - Bahrain, List of political parties - Bangladesh, List of political parties - Barbados, List of political parties - Belarus, List of political parties - Belgium, List of political parties - Belize, List of political parties - Benin, List of political parties - Bermuda, List of political parties - Bhutan, List of political parties - Bolivia, List of political parties - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of political parties - Botswana, List of political parties - Brazil, List of political parties - British Virgin Islands, List of political parties - Brunei, List of political parties - Bulgaria, List of political parties - Burkina Faso, List of political parties - Burundi, List of political parties - C, List of political parties - Cambodia, List of political parties - Cameroon, List of political parties - Canada, List of political parties - Cape Verde, List of political parties - Cayman Islands, List of political parties - Central African Republic, List of political parties - Chad, List of political parties - Chile, List of political parties - China People's Republic, List of political parties - Colombia, List of political parties - Comoros, List of political parties - Congo Democratic Republic Kinshasa, List of political parties - Congo Republic, List of political parties - Cook Islands, List of political parties - Costa Rica, List of political parties - Côte d'Ivoire, List of political parties - Croatia, List of political parties - Cuba, List of political parties - Cyprus, List of political parties - Czech Republic, List of political parties - D, List of political parties - Denmark, List of political parties - Djibouti, List of political parties - Dominica, List of political parties - Dominican Republic, List of political parties - E, List of political parties - East Timor, List of political parties - Ecuador, List of political parties - Egypt, List of political parties - El Salvador, List of political parties - Equatorial Guinea, List of political parties - Eritrea, List of political parties - Estonia, List of political parties - Ethiopia, List of political parties - European Union, List of political parties - F, List of political parties - Falkland Islands, List of political parties - Faroe Islands, List of political parties - Fiji, List of political parties - Finland, List of political parties - France, List of political parties - French Polynesia, List of political parties - G, List of political parties - Gabon, List of political parties - Gambia, List of political parties - Georgia, List of political parties - Germany, List of political parties - Ghana, List of political parties - Gibraltar, List of political parties - Greece, List of political parties - Greenland, List of political parties - Grenada, List of political parties - Guam, List of political parties - Guatemala, List of political parties - Guernsey, List of political parties - Guinea, List of political parties - Guinea-Bissau, List of political parties - Guyana, List of political parties - H, List of political parties - Haiti, List of political parties - Honduras, List of political parties - Hong Kong, List of political parties - Hungary, List of political parties - I, List of political parties - Iceland, List of political parties - India, List of political parties - Indonesia, List of political parties - Iran, List of political parties - Iraq, List of political parties - Ireland Republic, List of political parties - Israel, List of political parties - Italy, List of political parties - J, List of political parties - Jamaica, List of political parties - Japan, List of political parties - Jersey, List of political parties - Jordan, List of political parties - K, List of political parties - Kazakhstan, List of political parties - Kenya, List of political parties - Kiribati, List of political parties - Korea Democratic People's Republic, List of political parties - Korea Republic, List of political parties - Kosovo, List of political parties - Kuwait, List of political parties - Kyrgyzstan, List of political parties - L, List of political parties - Laos, List of political parties - Latvia, List of political parties - Lebanon, List of political parties - Lesotho, List of political parties - Liberia, List of political parties - Libya, List of political parties - Liechtenstein, List of political parties - Lithuania, List of political parties - Luxembourg, List of political parties - M, List of political parties - Macau, List of political parties - Macedonia Republic, List of political parties - Madagascar, List of political parties - Malawi, List of political parties - Malaysia, List of political parties - Maldives, List of political parties - Mali, List of political parties - Malta, List of political parties - Man Isle of, List of political parties - Marshall Islands, List of political parties - Mauritania, List of political parties - Mauritius, List of political parties - Mayotte, List of political parties - Mexico, List of political parties - Micronesia, List of political parties - Moldova, List of political parties - Monaco, List of political parties - Mongolia, List of political parties - Montserrat, List of political parties - Morocco, List of political parties - Mozambique, List of political parties - Myanmar, List of political parties - N, List of political parties - Nagorno Karabakh, List of political parties - Namibia, List of political parties - Nauru, List of political parties - Nepal, List of political parties - Netherlands, List of political parties - Netherlands Antilles, List of political parties - New Caledonia, List of political parties - New Zealand, List of political parties - Nicaragua, List of political parties - Niger, List of political parties - Nigeria, List of political parties - Niue, List of political parties - Norfolk, List of political parties - Northern Marianas, List of political parties - Norway, List of political parties - O, List of political parties - Oman, List of political parties - P, List of political parties - Pakistan, List of political parties - Palau, List of political parties - Palestinian National Authority, List of political parties - Panama, List of political parties - Papua New Guinea, List of political parties - Paraguay, List of political parties - Peru, List of political parties - Philippines, List of political parties - Pitcairn, List of political parties - Poland, List of political parties - Portugal, List of political parties - Puerto Rico, List of political parties - Q, List of political parties - Qatar, List of political parties - R, List of political parties - Romania, List of political parties - Russia, List of political parties - Rwanda, List of political parties - S, List of political parties - Saint Helena, List of political parties - Saint Kitts and Nevis, List of political parties - Saint Lucia, List of political parties - Saint Pierre and Miquelon, List of political parties - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, List of political parties - Samoa, List of political parties - San Marino, List of political parties - São Tomé and Príncipe, List of political parties - Saudi Arabia, List of political parties - Senegal, List of political parties - Serbia and Montenegro, List of political parties - Seychelles, List of political parties - Sierra Leone, List of political parties - Singapore, List of political parties - Slovakia, List of political parties - Slovenia, List of political parties - Solomon Islands, List of political parties - Somalia, List of political parties - Somaliland, List of political parties - South Africa, List of political parties - South Ossetia, List of political parties - Spain, List of political parties - Sri Lanka, List of political parties - Sudan, List of political parties - Suriname, List of political parties - Swaziland, List of political parties - Sweden, List of political parties - Switzerland, List of political parties - Syria, List of political parties - T, List of political parties - Taiwan, List of political parties - Tajikistan, List of political parties - Tanzania, List of political parties - Thailand, List of political parties - Togo, List of political parties - Tokelau, List of political parties - Tonga, List of political parties - Transnistria, List of political parties - Trinidad and Tobago, List of political parties - Tunisia, List of political parties - Turkey, List of political parties - Turkmenistan, List of political parties - Turks and Caicos, List of political parties - Tuvalu, List of political parties - U, List of political parties - Uganda, List of political parties - Ukraine, List of political parties - United Arab Emirates, List of political parties - United Kingdom, List of political parties - United States, List of political parties - United States Virgin Islands, List of political parties - Uruguay, List of political parties - Uzbekistan, List of political parties - V, List of political parties - Vanuatu, List of political parties - Venezuela, List of political parties - Vietnam, List of political parties - Virgin Islands of the United States, List of political parties - W, List of political parties - Wallis and Futuna, List of political parties - Western Sahara, List of political parties - Y, List of political parties - Yemen, List of political parties - Z, List of political parties - Zambia, List of political parties - Zimbabwe Read more here: » List of political parties: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties - M |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties - N
List of political parties - Nagorno Karabakh.
More info can be found at List of political parties in Nagorno Karabakh
Artsakhi Demokratakan Kusaktsutyun (Democratic Party of Artsakh)
Azat Hayrenik (Free Fatherland)
Hai Heghapokhakan Dashnaktustyune (Armenian Revolutionary Federation)
Mov ...
See also:List of political parties, List of political parties - Introduction, List of political parties - Parties by country, List of political parties - A, List of political parties - Abkhazia, List of political parties - Afghanistan, List of political parties - Åland, List of political parties - Albania, List of political parties - Algeria, List of political parties - American Samoa, List of political parties - Andorra, List of political parties - Angola, List of political parties - Anguilla, List of political parties - Antigua and Barbuda, List of political parties - Argentina, List of political parties - Armenia, List of political parties - Aruba, List of political parties - Australia, List of political parties - Austria, List of political parties - Azerbaijan, List of political parties - B, List of political parties - Bahamas, List of political parties - Bahrain, List of political parties - Bangladesh, List of political parties - Barbados, List of political parties - Belarus, List of political parties - Belgium, List of political parties - Belize, List of political parties - Benin, List of political parties - Bermuda, List of political parties - Bhutan, List of political parties - Bolivia, List of political parties - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of political parties - Botswana, List of political parties - Brazil, List of political parties - British Virgin Islands, List of political parties - Brunei, List of political parties - Bulgaria, List of political parties - Burkina Faso, List of political parties - Burundi, List of political parties - C, List of political parties - Cambodia, List of political parties - Cameroon, List of political parties - Canada, List of political parties - Cape Verde, List of political parties - Cayman Islands, List of political parties - Central African Republic, List of political parties - Chad, List of political parties - Chile, List of political parties - China People's Republic, List of political parties - Colombia, List of political parties - Comoros, List of political parties - Congo Democratic Republic Kinshasa, List of political parties - Congo Republic, List of political parties - Cook Islands, List of political parties - Costa Rica, List of political parties - Côte d'Ivoire, List of political parties - Croatia, List of political parties - Cuba, List of political parties - Cyprus, List of political parties - Czech Republic, List of political parties - D, List of political parties - Denmark, List of political parties - Djibouti, List of political parties - Dominica, List of political parties - Dominican Republic, List of political parties - E, List of political parties - East Timor, List of political parties - Ecuador, List of political parties - Egypt, List of political parties - El Salvador, List of political parties - Equatorial Guinea, List of political parties - Eritrea, List of political parties - Estonia, List of political parties - Ethiopia, List of political parties - European Union, List of political parties - F, List of political parties - Falkland Islands, List of political parties - Faroe Islands, List of political parties - Fiji, List of political parties - Finland, List of political parties - France, List of political parties - French Polynesia, List of political parties - G, List of political parties - Gabon, List of political parties - Gambia, List of political parties - Georgia, List of political parties - Germany, List of political parties - Ghana, List of political parties - Gibraltar, List of political parties - Greece, List of political parties - Greenland, List of political parties - Grenada, List of political parties - Guam, List of political parties - Guatemala, List of political parties - Guernsey, List of political parties - Guinea, List of political parties - Guinea-Bissau, List of political parties - Guyana, List of political parties - H, List of political parties - Haiti, List of political parties - Honduras, List of political parties - Hong Kong, List of political parties - Hungary, List of political parties - I, List of political parties - Iceland, List of political parties - India, List of political parties - Indonesia, List of political parties - Iran, List of political parties - Iraq, List of political parties - Ireland Republic, List of political parties - Israel, List of political parties - Italy, List of political parties - J, List of political parties - Jamaica, List of political parties - Japan, List of political parties - Jersey, List of political parties - Jordan, List of political parties - K, List of political parties - Kazakhstan, List of political parties - Kenya, List of political parties - Kiribati, List of political parties - Korea Democratic People's Republic, List of political parties - Korea Republic, List of political parties - Kosovo, List of political parties - Kuwait, List of political parties - Kyrgyzstan, List of political parties - L, List of political parties - Laos, List of political parties - Latvia, List of political parties - Lebanon, List of political parties - Lesotho, List of political parties - Liberia, List of political parties - Libya, List of political parties - Liechtenstein, List of political parties - Lithuania, List of political parties - Luxembourg, List of political parties - M, List of political parties - Macau, List of political parties - Macedonia Republic, List of political parties - Madagascar, List of political parties - Malawi, List of political parties - Malaysia, List of political parties - Maldives, List of political parties - Mali, List of political parties - Malta, List of political parties - Man Isle of, List of political parties - Marshall Islands, List of political parties - Mauritania, List of political parties - Mauritius, List of political parties - Mayotte, List of political parties - Mexico, List of political parties - Micronesia, List of political parties - Moldova, List of political parties - Monaco, List of political parties - Mongolia, List of political parties - Montserrat, List of political parties - Morocco, List of political parties - Mozambique, List of political parties - Myanmar, List of political parties - N, List of political parties - Nagorno Karabakh, List of political parties - Namibia, List of political parties - Nauru, List of political parties - Nepal, List of political parties - Netherlands, List of political parties - Netherlands Antilles, List of political parties - New Caledonia, List of political parties - New Zealand, List of political parties - Nicaragua, List of political parties - Niger, List of political parties - Nigeria, List of political parties - Niue, List of political parties - Norfolk, List of political parties - Northern Marianas, List of political parties - Norway, List of political parties - O, List of political parties - Oman, List of political parties - P, List of political parties - Pakistan, List of political parties - Palau, List of political parties - Palestinian National Authority, List of political parties - Panama, List of political parties - Papua New Guinea, List of political parties - Paraguay, List of political parties - Peru, List of political parties - Philippines, List of political parties - Pitcairn, List of political parties - Poland, List of political parties - Portugal, List of political parties - Puerto Rico, List of political parties - Q, List of political parties - Qatar, List of political parties - R, List of political parties - Romania, List of political parties - Russia, List of political parties - Rwanda, List of political parties - S, List of political parties - Saint Helena, List of political parties - Saint Kitts and Nevis, List of political parties - Saint Lucia, List of political parties - Saint Pierre and Miquelon, List of political parties - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, List of political parties - Samoa, List of political parties - San Marino, List of political parties - São Tomé and Príncipe, List of political parties - Saudi Arabia, List of political parties - Senegal, List of political parties - Serbia and Montenegro, List of political parties - Seychelles, List of political parties - Sierra Leone, List of political parties - Singapore, List of political parties - Slovakia, List of political parties - Slovenia, List of political parties - Solomon Islands, List of political parties - Somalia, List of political parties - Somaliland, List of political parties - South Africa, List of political parties - South Ossetia, List of political parties - Spain, List of political parties - Sri Lanka, List of political parties - Sudan, List of political parties - Suriname, List of political parties - Swaziland, List of political parties - Sweden, List of political parties - Switzerland, List of political parties - Syria, List of political parties - T, List of political parties - Taiwan, List of political parties - Tajikistan, List of political parties - Tanzania, List of political parties - Thailand, List of political parties - Togo, List of political parties - Tokelau, List of political parties - Tonga, List of political parties - Transnistria, List of political parties - Trinidad and Tobago, List of political parties - Tunisia, List of political parties - Turkey, List of political parties - Turkmenistan, List of political parties - Turks and Caicos, List of political parties - Tuvalu, List of political parties - U, List of political parties - Uganda, List of political parties - Ukraine, List of political parties - United Arab Emirates, List of political parties - United Kingdom, List of political parties - United States, List of political parties - United States Virgin Islands, List of political parties - Uruguay, List of political parties - Uzbekistan, List of political parties - V, List of political parties - Vanuatu, List of political parties - Venezuela, List of political parties - Vietnam, List of political parties - Virgin Islands of the United States, List of political parties - W, List of political parties - Wallis and Futuna, List of political parties - Western Sahara, List of political parties - Y, List of political parties - Yemen, List of political parties - Z, List of political parties - Zambia, List of political parties - Zimbabwe Read more here: » List of political parties: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties - N |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives A $40 billion emergency spending bill was quickly passed by the United States legislature, and an additional $20 billion bail-out of the airline industry was also passed.
Investigations have been started through many branches of many governments, pursuing tens of thousands of tips. Thousands of people have been detained, arrested, or questioned. Many of those targeted by the Bush administration have been secretly detained, and have been denied access to ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and Criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' Opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes Read more here: » War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - Strategic context Prior to 1965 the NLF strategy for South Vietnam had been predicated on developing a social revolution which would begin in the countryside and end in a nationalist urban uprising. This strategy had informed an operational doctrine of gradual intensification of ground warfare, and the development of the PLAF's capacity for operational warfare.
However, the involvement of U.S. ground forces had undermined this strategy. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 United States Marines became the first American combat troops to land in South Vietnam, addin ...
See also:Tet Offensive, Tet Offensive - Strategic context, Tet Offensive - Tactical objectives, Tet Offensive - Communist preparations ARVN and U.S. state of readiness, Tet Offensive - ARVN and U.S. readiness, Tet Offensive - Specific operations, Tet Offensive - Saigon, Tet Offensive - Hue, Tet Offensive - Khe Sanh, Tet Offensive - Continuance, Tet Offensive - Aftermath, Tet Offensive - Effect on the NFL and DRVN side, Tet Offensive - Effect on ARVN and American side, Tet Offensive - Media impact, Tet Offensive - Westmoreland's viewpoint, Tet Offensive - Impact on domestic politics in the United States, Tet Offensive - Trivia Read more here: » Tet Offensive: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - Strategic context |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - Tactical objectives The offensive linked the local PLAF with the more substantially equipped forces of the PAVN in combined operations, and involved simultaneous military action in most of the major cities in southern Vietnam and attacks on major U.S. bases, the Presidential Palace of South Vietnam, and the United States Embassy. Concurrently, a major assault was launched against the U.S. firebase at Khe Sanh, although this is usually considered a separate, contemporaneous operation.
Cronkite traveled to Vietnam after the Tet offensive. He did a broadcast called We ...
See also:Tet Offensive, Tet Offensive - Strategic context, Tet Offensive - Tactical objectives, Tet Offensive - Communist preparations ARVN and U.S. state of readiness, Tet Offensive - ARVN and U.S. readiness, Tet Offensive - Specific operations, Tet Offensive - Saigon, Tet Offensive - Hue, Tet Offensive - Khe Sanh, Tet Offensive - Continuance, Tet Offensive - Aftermath, Tet Offensive - Effect on the NFL and DRVN side, Tet Offensive - Effect on ARVN and American side, Tet Offensive - Media impact, Tet Offensive - Westmoreland's viewpoint, Tet Offensive - Impact on domestic politics in the United States, Tet Offensive - Trivia Read more here: » Tet Offensive: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - Tactical objectives |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - Communist preparations ARVN and U.S. state of readiness In the months prior to the Offensive, U.S. and ARVN military intelligence observed signs of a major military buildup: "In October the number of trucks observed heading south on the Ho Chi Minh trail jumped from the previous monthly average of 480 to 1,116."[4] In November this number was 3,823 and in December, 6,315.(op.cit.)
Politically, a purge of North Vietnamese officials who had favored negotiations with the U.S. resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of over 200 officials.
U.S. intelligence expected an attack sometime directly before or dire ...
See also:Tet Offensive, Tet Offensive - Strategic context, Tet Offensive - Tactical objectives, Tet Offensive - Communist preparations ARVN and U.S. state of readiness, Tet Offensive - ARVN and U.S. readiness, Tet Offensive - Specific operations, Tet Offensive - Saigon, Tet Offensive - Hue, Tet Offensive - Khe Sanh, Tet Offensive - Continuance, Tet Offensive - Aftermath, Tet Offensive - Effect on the NFL and DRVN side, Tet Offensive - Effect on ARVN and American side, Tet Offensive - Media impact, Tet Offensive - Westmoreland's viewpoint, Tet Offensive - Impact on domestic politics in the United States, Tet Offensive - Trivia Read more here: » Tet Offensive: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - Communist preparations ARVN and U.S. state of readiness |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - History The United States' "War on Terrorism" started after the September 11, 2001 attacks, with the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in October 2001.
Though the US government initially portrayed the invasion and occupation of Iraq as part of the "War on Terrorism", admissions by senior Bush administration officials have revealed that the evidence used to link the attacks of 9/11 to Saddam Hussein was incorrect. Though there may have been contact in the 1990s, American intelligence and police agencies (such as the NSC, CIA, DIA, FBI, Senate Select ...
See also:War on Terrorism, War on Terrorism - History, War on Terrorism - Conceptual challenges, War on Terrorism - Historical usage of the phrase, War on Terrorism - Contemporary United States, War on Terrorism - Objective and Strategies, War on Terrorism - International support, War on Terrorism - Military/diplomatic campaigns, War on Terrorism - U.S. domestic initiatives, War on Terrorism - Opposition and Criticism, War on Terrorism - Critics' Opposition, War on Terrorism - Criticisms of the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Support for the War on Terrorism:, War on Terrorism - Interrogation methods, War on Terrorism - Detentions at Guantanamo Bay, War on Terrorism - Military decorations, War on Terrorism - Notes Read more here: » War on Terrorism: Encyclopedia II - War on Terrorism - History |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Notes Note 1:
Various names have been given to the war, and these have shifted over time, though Vietnam War is the dominant standard in English. It has been called the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict, the Vietnam War, and, by the victors, the American War (Vietnamese Kháng Chiến Chống Mỹ Cứu Nước, "Resistance War Agains ...
See also:Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Overview, Vietnam War - Background, Vietnam War - The beginning of the war, Vietnam War - NLF National Liberation Front in the South, Vietnam War - John F. Kennedy and Vietnam, Vietnam War - The propaganda campaign, Vietnam War - Escalation, Vietnam War - Intervention by the USA, Vietnam War - Johnson and the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War - Operation Rolling Thunder, Vietnam War - U.S. forces committed, Vietnam War - The Tet Offensive, Vietnam War - Tet aftermath, Vietnam War - Opposition to the war, Vietnam War - Pacification and hearts and minds, Vietnam War - Vietnamization, Vietnam War - The end of U.S. involvement, Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon, Vietnam War - Casualties, Vietnam War - Domestic effects and aftermath in Indochina, Vietnam War - Vietnam, Vietnam War - Cambodia, Vietnam War - Domestic effects in the U.S., Vietnam War - War Powers Resolution, Vietnam War - Social impact, Vietnam War - Social attitudes and treatment of veterans, Vietnam War - Common military medals of the Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Notes, Vietnam War - Lists Read more here: » Vietnam War: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Notes |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Domestic effects and aftermath in Indochina
Vietnam War - Vietnam.
Virtually every Vietnamese, especially South Vietnamese, was affected by the war, having endured large scale bombardments and targetted killings. During the war's height in the late 1960s, about half of South Vietnam's population of 20 million people have been displaced. To the northerners, fighting and hostility continued on with neighboring countries until 1989. Many Vietnamese lost relatives as a result of the war in general. The end of the war marked the first time that Vietnam was not ...
See also:Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Overview, Vietnam War - Background, Vietnam War - The beginning of the war, Vietnam War - NLF National Liberation Front in the South, Vietnam War - John F. Kennedy and Vietnam, Vietnam War - The propaganda campaign, Vietnam War - Escalation, Vietnam War - Intervention by the USA, Vietnam War - Johnson and the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War - Operation Rolling Thunder, Vietnam War - U.S. forces committed, Vietnam War - The Tet Offensive, Vietnam War - Tet aftermath, Vietnam War - Opposition to the war, Vietnam War - Pacification and hearts and minds, Vietnam War - Vietnamization, Vietnam War - The end of U.S. involvement, Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon, Vietnam War - Casualties, Vietnam War - Domestic effects and aftermath in Indochina, Vietnam War - Vietnam, Vietnam War - Cambodia, Vietnam War - Domestic effects in the U.S., Vietnam War - War Powers Resolution, Vietnam War - Social impact, Vietnam War - Social attitudes and treatment of veterans, Vietnam War - Common military medals of the Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Notes, Vietnam War - Lists Read more here: » Vietnam War: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Domestic effects and aftermath in Indochina |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Domestic effects in the U.S. The Vietnam war had many long term repercussions for U.S. society and foreign policy.
Vietnam War - War Powers Resolution.
Criticism of the Vietnam War's planning and its enabling legislation led the U.S. Congress to reconsider how military deployments were authorized. After the U.S. withdrawal Congress passed the War Powers Resolution of 1973, which curtailed the President's ability to commit troops to action without first obtaining Congressional approva ...
See also:Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Overview, Vietnam War - Background, Vietnam War - The beginning of the war, Vietnam War - NLF National Liberation Front in the South, Vietnam War - John F. Kennedy and Vietnam, Vietnam War - The propaganda campaign, Vietnam War - Escalation, Vietnam War - Intervention by the USA, Vietnam War - Johnson and the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War - Operation Rolling Thunder, Vietnam War - U.S. forces committed, Vietnam War - The Tet Offensive, Vietnam War - Tet aftermath, Vietnam War - Opposition to the war, Vietnam War - Pacification and hearts and minds, Vietnam War - Vietnamization, Vietnam War - The end of U.S. involvement, Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon, Vietnam War - Casualties, Vietnam War - Domestic effects and aftermath in Indochina, Vietnam War - Vietnam, Vietnam War - Cambodia, Vietnam War - Domestic effects in the U.S., Vietnam War - War Powers Resolution, Vietnam War - Social impact, Vietnam War - Social attitudes and treatment of veterans, Vietnam War - Common military medals of the Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Notes, Vietnam War - Lists Read more here: » Vietnam War: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Domestic effects in the U.S. |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Common military medals of the Vietnam War During the war, a wide array of military decorations for bravery, meritorious actions, and general service were created by both nations of Vietnam. The United States began issuing combat decorations which were last bestowed in the Korean War as well as several new service medals.
Most South Vietnamese decorations were issued to both members of the South Vietnamese military and the United States armed forces. As such, several of the current U.S. senior military officers, who served during the Vietnam War, can today still be seen wearin ...
See also:Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Overview, Vietnam War - Background, Vietnam War - The beginning of the war, Vietnam War - NLF National Liberation Front in the South, Vietnam War - John F. Kennedy and Vietnam, Vietnam War - The propaganda campaign, Vietnam War - Escalation, Vietnam War - Intervention by the USA, Vietnam War - Johnson and the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War - Operation Rolling Thunder, Vietnam War - U.S. forces committed, Vietnam War - The Tet Offensive, Vietnam War - Tet aftermath, Vietnam War - Opposition to the war, Vietnam War - Pacification and hearts and minds, Vietnam War - Vietnamization, Vietnam War - The end of U.S. involvement, Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon, Vietnam War - Casualties, Vietnam War - Domestic effects and aftermath in Indochina, Vietnam War - Vietnam, Vietnam War - Cambodia, Vietnam War - Domestic effects in the U.S., Vietnam War - War Powers Resolution, Vietnam War - Social impact, Vietnam War - Social attitudes and treatment of veterans, Vietnam War - Common military medals of the Vietnam War, Vietnam War - Notes, Vietnam War - Lists Read more here: » Vietnam War: Encyclopedia II - Vietnam War - Common military medals of the Vietnam War |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - ARVN and U.S. readiness Both the ARVN and U.S. military posture immediately preceding the offensive were relaxed.
North Vietnam had announced in October that it would observe a seven-day truce from January 27 to February 3, 1968, in honor of the Tet holiday, and the South Vietnamese army made plans to allow recreational leave for a large part of its force.
Captured intelligence suggested a major attack was indeed being planned, but U.S. attention expected the firebase at Khe Sanh to be the target. Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) staff was c ...
See also:Tet Offensive, Tet Offensive - Strategic context, Tet Offensive - Tactical objectives, Tet Offensive - Communist preparations ARVN and U.S. state of readiness, Tet Offensive - ARVN and U.S. readiness, Tet Offensive - Specific operations, Tet Offensive - Saigon, Tet Offensive - Hue, Tet Offensive - Khe Sanh, Tet Offensive - Continuance, Tet Offensive - Aftermath, Tet Offensive - Effect on the NFL and DRVN side, Tet Offensive - Effect on ARVN and American side, Tet Offensive - Media impact, Tet Offensive - Westmoreland's viewpoint, Tet Offensive - Impact on domestic politics in the United States, Tet Offensive - Trivia Read more here: » Tet Offensive: Encyclopedia II - Tet Offensive - ARVN and U.S. readiness |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Second Congo War - Origin of the Second Congo War
Second Congo War - Mobutu's crumbling hold on power.
Congo has had a troubled history since it was ruled as a colonial possession till 1908 by King Léopold II of Belgium as the Congo Free State and afterwards by Belgium (see Belgian Congo). Even by the standards of late 19th-century colonialism, the rule by King Léopold II is generally regarded as being arbitrary and capricious. Because of its mineral wealth, and the ongoing effects of the colonial period, Congo has been a state that h ...
See also:Second Congo War, Second Congo War - Origin of the Second Congo War, Second Congo War - Mobutu's crumbling hold on power, Second Congo War - Kabila's March to Kinshasa, Second Congo War - Unwelcome support, Second Congo War - Factions in the Congo Conflict, Second Congo War - Nature of the Conflict, Second Congo War - The course of the war, Second Congo War - The rebel push for Kinshasa, Second Congo War - Kabila gains regional support, Second Congo War - Lusaka Peace Agreement, Second Congo War - Kabila's assassination, Second Congo War - A nominal peace, Second Congo War - Transitional government, Second Congo War - Conflict escalation, Second Congo War - Effects, Second Congo War - Uganda ordered to pay back billions by International Court of Justice, Second Congo War - Glossary of Armed Groups, Second Congo War - Footnotes Read more here: » Second Congo War: Encyclopedia II - Second Congo War - Origin of the Second Congo War |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Liberalization: prelude to war By the end of 1987, the single-party socialist dictatorship under which Algeria had fared relatively well since the 1960s no longer seemed viable. The government had relied heavily on high oil prices, and when, in 1986, oil prices went from $30 to $10 a barrel, the planned economy came under severe strain, with shortages and unemployment rife. In October 1988 ("Black October"), massive demonstrations against President Chadli Bendjedid took place throughout Algerian cities, with an Islamist element prominent among the demonstrators. The ...
See also:Algerian Civil War, Algerian Civil War - Liberalization: prelude to war, Algerian Civil War - Coup d'état: a guerrilla war begins, Algerian Civil War - Failed negotiations and guerrilla infighting, Algerian Civil War - Politics resume militias emerge, Algerian Civil War - Massacres and reconciliation, Algerian Civil War - GIA destroyed GSPC continues, Algerian Civil War - Notes Read more here: » Algerian Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Liberalization: prelude to war |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Failed negotiations and guerrilla infighting The violence continued throughout 1994, although the economy began to improve during this time. As it became obvious that the fighting would continue for some time, General Liamine Zéroual was named new president of the High Council of State; he was considered to belong to the dialoguiste (pro-negotiation) rather than éradicateur (eradicator) faction of the army. Soon after taking office, he began negotiations with the imprisoned FIS leadership, releasing some prisoners by way of encouragement. The talks split the political s ...
See also:Algerian Civil War, Algerian Civil War - Liberalization: prelude to war, Algerian Civil War - Coup d'état: a guerrilla war begins, Algerian Civil War - Failed negotiations and guerrilla infighting, Algerian Civil War - Politics resume militias emerge, Algerian Civil War - Massacres and reconciliation, Algerian Civil War - GIA destroyed GSPC continues, Algerian Civil War - Notes Read more here: » Algerian Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Failed negotiations and guerrilla infighting |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Politics resume militias emerge Following the breakdown of negotiations with the FIS, the government decided to hold presidential elections. On November 16, 1995, Liamine Zéroual was elected president with 60% of votes cast. The election, contested by many candidates, including the Islamists Mahfoud Nahnah (25%) and Noureddine Boukrouh (<4%) and the secularist Said Sadi (10%), but excluding FIS, enjoyed a high turnout (officially 75%, a number confirmed by most observers) despite the FIS, FFS and FLN's call for a boycott and the GIA's threats to kill anyone who voted ( ...
See also:Algerian Civil War, Algerian Civil War - Liberalization: prelude to war, Algerian Civil War - Coup d'état: a guerrilla war begins, Algerian Civil War - Failed negotiations and guerrilla infighting, Algerian Civil War - Politics resume militias emerge, Algerian Civil War - Massacres and reconciliation, Algerian Civil War - GIA destroyed GSPC continues, Algerian Civil War - Notes Read more here: » Algerian Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Politics resume militias emerge |
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| | | | | National Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Massacres and reconciliation In July 1996, GIA leader Djamel Zitouni was killed by one of the breakaway ex-GIA factions and was succeeded by Antar Zouabri, who would prove an even bloodier leader.
Parliamentary elections were held on June 5, 1997. They were dominated by the National Democratic Rally (RND), a new party created in early 1997 for Zéroual's supporters, which got 156 out of 380 seats, followed mainly by the MSP (as Hamas had been required to rename itself) and the FLN at over 60 seats each. Views on this election were mixed; most major opposition par ...
See also:Algerian Civil War, Algerian Civil War - Liberalization: prelude to war, Algerian Civil War - Coup d'état: a guerrilla war begins, Algerian Civil War - Failed negotiations and guerrilla infighting, Algerian Civil War - Politics resume militias emerge, Algerian Civil War - Massacres and reconciliation, Algerian Civil War - GIA destroyed GSPC continues, Algerian Civil War - Notes Read more here: » Algerian Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Algerian Civil War - Massacres and reconciliation |
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