Narconon

Narconon was originally established in 1966 as a set of Scientology courses delivered to drug abusers; the name referred not to an organization but to the course. Its creator was William Benitez, at the time an inmate at Arizona State Prison serving time for narcotics offenses. His work was supported by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, and in 1972 Hubbard sponsored the incorporation of Narconon as an organization. It was co-founded by Benitez and two Scientologists, Henning Heldt and Arthur Maren, high-ranking member ...

See also:

Narconon, Narconon - History, Narconon - Narconon methodology, Narconon - Controversies, Narconon - Recent history

Read more here: » Narconon: Encyclopedia II - Narconon - History

The first such program was Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which was begun in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith, known to A.A. members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob." They established the tradition within the "Anonymous" twelve-step programs of using only first names. The Twelve Steps were originally written by Wilson and other early members of AA to codify the process that they felt had worked for them personally. The Twelve Steps were essentially a rewriting of the 6 steps of the Oxford Group with whom Wilson had contact. This "codex" is the book Alcoholics Anon ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - History

A primary belief of members is that their success is based on giving up on self-reliance and willpower, and instead relying on God, or a "Higher Power". Critics of these programs, however, often hold that this reliance is ineffective, and offensive or inapplicable to atheists and others who do not believe in a salvific deity. Proponents of twelve-step programs argue that many atheists have been helped by the progr ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - Relation to religion

These are the twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol; that our lives had become unmanageable. Came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs. Were entirely ready to ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - The Twelve Steps

All twelve-step programs follow some version of the Twelve Steps. Members meet regularly to discuss their problem(s) and share their victories. One of the most widely-recognized characteristics of twelve-step groups is the requirement that members admit that they "have a problem". In this spirit, many members open their address to the group along the lines of, "Hi, I'm Pam and I'm an alcoholic" — a ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - Characteristics

Scientology was presented by L. Ron Hubbard at a lecture in 1952. His definition included, "Scientology would be a study of knowledge." In 1954 today's Church of Scientology (often abbreviated CoS) was established. It presents itself as an "applied religious philosophy," and has been established as a recognized religion in more than 100 countries. The term Scientology is a trademark of the Religious Technology Center, which licenses its use and use of the copyrighted works of Hubbard to the Church of Scientology. The Chu ...

Including:

• Scientology - Beliefs and practices
• Scientology - Auditing
• Scientology - The ARC Triangle
• Scientology - The tone scale
• Scientology - Past lives
• Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident
• Scientology - Scientology and other religions
• Scientology - Origins
• Scientology - The Church of Scientology
• Scientology - Independent Scientology groups
• Scientology - Controversy and criticism
• Scientology - Official Status as a Religion
• Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry
• Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet
• Scientology - Scientology in popular culture
• Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia - Scientology

Scientology's doctrines were established by Hubbard over a period of about 33 years, beginning in 1952 and continuing until his death in January 1986. Most of the basic principles of the church were set out during the 1950s and 1960s. Scientology followed on the heels of Dianetics, an earlier system of self-improvement techniques laid out by Hubbard in his 1950 book, Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. By the mid-1950s, Hubbard had relegated Dianetics to a sub-study of Scientology. A chief difference between Dianeti ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Beliefs and practices

Of the many new religious movements to appear during the 20th century, Scientology has from its inception been the most controversial. The Church has come into conflict with the governments and police forces of several countries (including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany) numerous times over the years, though supporters note that many major world religions have found themselves in conflict with civil government in their early years. Different countries have taken markedly different approaches to Scientology. Sciento ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Controversy and criticism

Although "Scientology" is most often used as shorthand for the Church of Scientology, a number of groups practice Scientology and Dianetics outside of the official Church. Such groups are invariably breakaways from the original Church, and usually argue that it has corrupted L. Ron Hubbard's principles or otherwise become overly domineering. The Church takes an extremely hard line on breakaway groups, labeling them "apostates" (or "squirrels" in Scientology jargon) and often subjecting them to considerable legal and social pressure. Breakaway groups avoid the ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Independent Scientology groups

David Miscavige (born April 30, 1960) is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center, a corporation that owns the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology. As RTC Chairman, Miscavige is the highest ecclesiastical official of the Scientology religion, a position he assumed over a year after Hubbard died in 1986. Although Religious Technology Center is a separate corporation from the Church of Scientology, Miscavige is the effective leader of the religion. In Scientology, he referred to, but not address ...

Including:

• David Miscavige - Biography
• David Miscavige - Scientology career
• David Miscavige - Personal life
• David Miscavige - Criticism and controversies relating to Miscavige

Read more here: » David Miscavige: Encyclopedia - David Miscavige

The Church of Scientology is an organisation founded by the late author L. Ron Hubbard. Its stated aim is to widen the practice of Scientology, which it presents as an "applied religious philosophy." From its earliest days, the Church has been a focus of controversy wherever it appeared, with critics charging the actual methods and goals of the Church sharply contradict Hubbard's stated aims of "A civilization without insanity, without criminals and without war, where the able can prosper and honest beings can have rights, and where man is free to rise to ...

Including:

• Church of Scientology - Churches missions and major Scientology centers
• Church of Scientology - Saint Hill Sussex England
• Church of Scientology - Flag Land Base Clearwater Florida
• Church of Scientology - PAC Base Hollywood California
• Church of Scientology - Gold Base Gilman Hot Springs California
• Church of Scientology - Flag ship Freewinds
• Church of Scientology - Sea Org
• Church of Scientology - Volunteer Ministers
• Church of Scientology - Religious Technology Center RTC
• Church of Scientology - Legal waivers
• Church of Scientology - Church or business?
• Church of Scientology - World View of Scientology
• Church of Scientology - Finances
• Church of Scientology - Membership statistics
• Church of Scientology - Scientology splinter groups
• Church of Scientology - Affiliated organizations
• Church of Scientology - A.B.L.E.
• Church of Scientology - CCHR
• Church of Scientology - WISE
• Church of Scientology - Internet Sites
• Church of Scientology - Church of Scientology
• Church of Scientology - Other Sites
• Church of Scientology - Critical Sites

Read more here: » Church of Scientology: Encyclopedia - Church of Scientology

Immediately prior to his first Dianetics publications, Hubbard was involved with occultist Jack Parsons in performing rites developed by Aleister Crowley. Some investigators have noted similarities in Hubbard's writings to the doctrines of Crowley,[2] though the Church of Scientology denies any such connection. An influence that Hubbard did acknowledge is the system of General Semantics developed by Alfred Korzybski in the 1930s. [3] Scientology also reflects the influence of the Hindu concept of karma, as well as the less metaphysical theories of Sigmun ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Origins

On November 16, 2005, Comedy Central aired a South Park episode centering around Scientology called Trapped in the Closet[26]. In the episode, Scientologists decide Stan is the reincarnation of L. Ron Hubbard. The story includes some of the "secrets" cited above, including the Xenu incident. These are presented with the caption "This is what Scientologists actually believe," lest viewers mistake the comments for satire. The show concludes with a group of Scientologists threatening to sue Stan, and the credits are entirely populated by ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Scientology in popular culture

A twelve-step program (or programme) is a fellowship which aims at the recovery of its members from the consequences of an addiction, a compulsion, or another harmful influence on their lives, with the help of the faith-based Twelve Steps. Also the specific program of recovery that is applied within such a fellowship, is called a twelve-step program. The fellowship, a bond of loosely organized, autonomous groups, functions on the basis of principles, formulated in the Twelve Traditions. Synonyms are anonymous p ...

Including:

• Twelve-step program - Characteristics
• Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps
• Twelve-step program - History
• Twelve-step program - Relation to religion
• Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups
• Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia - Twelve-step program

The Purification Rundown[1], known as "The Purif" within Scientology, is a program of "detoxification" developed by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, involving the use of saunas, vitamins, and the drinking of oils. While it is heavily promoted as a health regimen within Scientology, and in Scientology's rehabilitation program Narconon, the procedure is viewed as dangerous by most medical professionals, as it calls for saunas and vitamins far in excess of what mainstream medicine considers safe levels. The full ...

Including:

• Purification Rundown - Criticisms of the program

Read more here: » Purification Rundown: Encyclopedia - Purification Rundown

The Church of Scientology has concertedly attempted to convert artists and entertainers — they have special recruitment facilities for public figures designated Celebrity Centres. They can be found in Hollywood, New York, Nashville, Las Vegas, London, Paris, and Vienna, though Hollywood is the largest and most important. Scientologists give this description: L. Ron Hubbard recognized the importance of the artist to society. Thus he created Celebrity Centre International — a Church of Scientology that specializes in delive ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

The Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) is a non-profit secular branch of the Church of Scientology devoted to "rid the world of its most devastating social ills—drugs, crime, illiteracy and immorality—through the social betterment methods and principles of author and humanitarian L. Ron Hubbard." [1]. Founded in 1989, ABLE is an umbrella organization that administers four of Scientology's social programs: Narconon ...

Including:

• Association for Better Living and Education - Footnotes

Read more here: » Association for Better Living and Education: Encyclopedia - Association for Better Living and Education

Recovery programs using Alcoholics Anonymous' twelve steps [1] and twelve traditions [2] either in their original form or by changing only the alcohol-specific references: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Al-Anon/Alateen Alcoholics Anonymous History: Early AA Roots (AAH) Co-dependent Anonymous (CoDA) Co-Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous (COSLAA) Debtors Anonymous (DA) Emotions Anonymous (EA) Gamblers Anonymous (GA) GreySheeters Anonymous Marijuana Anonymous < ...

See also:

List of self-help organizations, List of self-help organizations - Twelve-step programs, List of self-help organizations - Non-Twelve-Step Recovery programs, List of self-help organizations - Other Programs

Read more here: » List of self-help organizations: Encyclopedia II - List of self-help organizations - Twelve-step programs

List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Association for Better Living and Education International. Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) is an educational and drug rehabilitation organization. ABLE Applied Scholastics Criminon Effective Education Publishing Narconon the ABLE logo the Applied Scholastics open book desig ...

See also:

List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Religious Technology Center, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Affiliated organizations, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Association for Better Living and Education International, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Author Services Inc., List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Bridge Publications Inc., List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Citizens Commission on Human Rights, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Delphi Schools Inc., List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Hubbard College of Administration, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - International Foundation for Human Rights and Tolerance, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - L. Ron Hubbard Library, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - World Institute of Scientology Enterprises, List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Unattributed

Read more here: » List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates: Encyclopedia II - List of trademarks owned by the Church of Scientology and its affiliates - Affiliated organizations

Alley won a supporting role in the 1982 movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, playing Vulcan officer Lieutenant Saavik. Alley turned down the role of Saavik in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock because the producers would not meet her salary demands and because she didn't want to be typecast as a science fiction actress. Alley also co-starred in a short-lived secret agent television series, Masquerade and the acclai ...

See also:

Kirstie Alley, Kirstie Alley - Early life, Kirstie Alley - Career, Kirstie Alley - Private life, Kirstie Alley - Filmography, Kirstie Alley - Television Work, Kirstie Alley - External link

Read more here: » Kirstie Alley: Encyclopedia II - Kirstie Alley - Career