Napoleon I of France

Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire. While in Egypt, Bonaparte had kept a close eye on European affairs, relying largely on newspapers and dispatches that arrived only irregularly. On 23 August 1799, he abruptly set sail for France, taking advantage of the temporary departure of British ships blockading French coastal ports. Although he was later accused by political opponents of abandoning his troops, his departure actually had been authorized by the Directory, which had suffered a series of military defeats to the ...

See also:

Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Childhood and early life, Napoleon I of France - An interesting youth, Napoleon I of France - Training and schooling, Napoleon I of France - Preparatory School, Napoleon I of France - First commands and Toulon, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

Read more here: » Napoleon I of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France

Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire. While in Egypt, Bonaparte had kept a close eye on European affairs, relying largely on newspapers and dispatches that arrived only irregularly. On 23 August 1799, he abruptly set sail for France, taking advantage of the temporary departure of British ships blockading French coastal ports. Although he was later accused by political opponents of abandoning his troops, his departure actually had been authorized by the Directory, which had suffered a series of military defeats to the ...

See also:

Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Early life and military career, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

Read more here: » Napoleon I of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France

Etienne Henri (or Nicolas) Méhul (June 24, 1763 - October 18, 1817), was a French composer. Étienne Méhul - Life and Work. He was born at Givet in Ardennes. His father being too poor to give him a regular musical education, his first lessons came from a poor blind organist of Givet; yet such was his aptitude that, when ten years old, he was appointed organist of the convent of the Récollets. In 1775 a German musician and organist, Wilhelm Hauser, was engaged for the monastery of Lavaldieu, ...

Including:

• Étienne Méhul - Life and Work
• Étienne Méhul - Works
• Étienne Méhul - Discography
• Étienne Méhul - Reference
• Étienne Méhul - Links

Read more here: » Étienne Méhul: Encyclopedia - Étienne Méhul

He was born at Givet in Ardennes. His father being too poor to give him a regular musical education, his first lessons came from a poor blind organist of Givet; yet such was his aptitude that, when ten years old, he was appointed organist of the convent of the Récollets. In 1775 a German musician and organist, Wilhelm Hauser, was engaged for the monastery of Lavaldieu, a few miles from Givet, and Méhul became his occasional pupil. In 1778 he was taken to Paris by a military officer, and placed himself under Edelmann, a harpsichord p ...

See also:

Étienne Méhul, Étienne Méhul - Life and Work, Étienne Méhul - Works, Étienne Méhul - Discography, Étienne Méhul - Reference

Read more here: » Étienne Méhul: Encyclopedia II - Étienne Méhul - Life and Work

He was born at Givet in Ardennes. His father being too poor to give him a regular musical education, his first lessons came from a poor blind organist of Givet; yet such was his aptitude that, when ten years old, he was appointed organist of the convent of the Récollets. In 1775 a German musician and organist, Wilhelm Hauser, was engaged for the monastery of Lavaldieu, a few miles from Givet, and Méhul became his occasional pupil. In 1778 he was taken to Paris by a military officer, and placed himself under Edelmann, a harpsichord p ...

See also:

Étienne Méhul, Étienne Méhul - Life and Work, Étienne Méhul - Works, Étienne Méhul - Discography, Étienne Méhul - Reference, Étienne Méhul - Links

Read more here: » Étienne Méhul: Encyclopedia II - Étienne Méhul - Life and Work

In 1806, as part of his wholescale re-ordering of the map of Europe, Napoleon I of France upgraded the independent German duchy of Bavaria to full kingdom status. The former Duke of Bavaria, now King of Bavaria, Maximilian I, commemorated the fact by commissioning a set of crown jewels for use by Bavarian monarchs. Included in the regalia was The Crown of Bavaria - the King's crown, which was set with rubies, diamonds, emeralds, sapphires and pearls. the Crown of the Queens of Bavaria, which was made for t ...

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In the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805), part of the Napoleonic Wars against the Third Coalition, a French army of approximately 68,000 troops under Napoleon's command decisively defeated a joint Russo-Austrian army of over 89,000 troops, commanded by Russian General Kutuzov and Austrian General von Weyrother. The battle was followed by the signing of the Treaty of Pressburg, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Austerlitz (the modern town of Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic) lies approximately 20 km away fro ...

Including:

• Battle of Austerlitz - Context
• Battle of Austerlitz - The Battle
• Battle of Austerlitz - Aftermath
• Battle of Austerlitz - Napoleon's Speech
• Battle of Austerlitz - English
• Battle of Austerlitz - French Original
• Battle of Austerlitz - Trivia
• Battle of Austerlitz - Cultural References

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Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restauration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Louis XVIII 1814-1824. Louis XVIII's restoration to the throne in 1814 was effected largely through the support of Napoleon's former foreign min ...

Including:

• Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Louis XVIII 1814-1824
• Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Charles X 1824 – 1830
• Bourbon Dynasty Restored - The Fall of the Restoration 1827-1830
• Bourbon Dynasty Restored - The Four Ordinances
• Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Louis-Phillipe and the House of Orleans
• Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Sources

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The Battle of Lützen was the first major engagement of the War of the Sixth Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. Following the disaster of Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812, a new Coalition formed against Napoleon I of France. In response to this, he hastily assembled an army of just over 200,000 comprised largely of inexperienced, barely trained recruits and severely short of horses (A consequence of the Russian fiasco, where most of his veteran troops and horses had perished). He crossed the Rhine into Germany to link up with remn ...

Including:

• Battle of Lützen 1813 - Prelude
• Battle of Lützen 1813 - The Battle
• Battle of Lützen 1813 - Aftermath
• Battle of Lützen 1813 - References and links

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Ali Pasha Tepelenë, commonly known as Ali Pasha, (1741 – January 24, 1822) was the military ruler (pasha) of a large area of the Ottoman Empire's European territories. Known as the Lion of Ioánnina (after his capital in the Greek town of Ioánnina), he achieved a notorious reputation as a cruel and bloodthirsty tyrant. Ali Pasha - The rise of Ali Pasha. Ali was born into a powerful clan in the Albanian town of Tepelenë in 1744, where his father Veli was bey (leader). The family lost much ...

Including:

• Ali Pasha - The rise of Ali Pasha
• Ali Pasha - Ali Pasha as ruler
• Ali Pasha - The downfall of Ali Pasha
• Ali Pasha - Books

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Etruria — usually referred to in Greek and Latin source texts as Tyrrhenia — was an ancient country in Central Italy, located in an area that covered part of what now are Tuscany, Latium and Umbria. It was one of the most important city/states on the Italian peninsula before falling to the Roman Republic in the 3rd century BC. Etruria became dominant in the Italian peninsula after 650 BCE. Their expansion included the Po River Valley and Latium and continued south until they came in contact with the Greek colonies in ...

Including:

• Etruria - External link

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Constantine Kanaris (or Canaris, Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης) (1793 or 1795 – September 2, 1877) was a Greek admiral, freedom fighter and politician. Constantine Kanaris - Family life. He was born on the Aegean Sea island of Psara as a son of Michael and Maria Kanaris. His exact year of birth is unknown. The official records of the Hellenic Navy give it as 1795 but modern Greek historians believe that 1793 is more probable. Michael Kanaris, his father, had served several t ...

Including:

• Constantine Kanaris - Family life
• Constantine Kanaris - Military career
• Constantine Kanaris - Political career

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Wilhelm I of Germany ( March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888), German Emperor (Kaiser), ruled January 18, 1871 – 9 March 1888 and King of Prussia, ruled 2 January 1861 – 9 March 1888. His full name was Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig. Some English-language biographies anglicize his name as William I or, in full, William Frederick Louis. Wilhelm I of Germany - Early Life and Military Career. As second son of Friedrich Wilhelm III Wilhelm had no expectations to ascend to the throne and thus he received only li ...

Including:

• Wilhelm I of Germany - Early Life and Military Career
• Wilhelm I of Germany - Prince Regent
• Wilhelm I of Germany - King and Kaiser
• Wilhelm I of Germany - Issue

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The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older name: Auerstädt) were fought on October 14, 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale in today's Germany, between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia. Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Action. Both armies were split into separate parts: Napoleon's main force at Jena consisted of Soult's IV Corps, Lannes' V Corps, Ney's VI Corps, Augereau's VII Corps, and the cavalry of Murat, about 96,000 men in total. Further north, ...

Including:

• Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Action
• Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Results
• Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Hegel
• Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - External link

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Charles Albert (October 2, 1798 – July 28, 1849) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, Aosta and King of Sardinia from 1831 to 1849. He succeeded Charles Felix, and his name is bound with the first Italian statute and the First War of Independence (1848–1849). He abdicated after his forces were defeated by the Austrian army at the Battle of Novara (1849). He was born in Turin in 1798, to Carlo Emanuele (1770-1800), 6th Prince of Carignano and Albertina Maria Cristina of Saxony (1779-1851). His father was a fifth-generation descedant of Thomas Francis, Prince of Cari ...

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The Battle of Borodino (Russian: Бородино) (September 7, 1812, or August 26 in the Julian calendar then used in Russia), also called the Battle of the Moskva, was the largest and bloodiest single-day battle of the Napoleonic Wars, involving more than a quarter of a million soldiers. It was fought by the French Grande Armée under Napoleon I of France and the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino, west from the town of Mozhaysk. The battle ended with inconclusive tactical re ...

Including:

• Battle of Borodino - Background
• Battle of Borodino - The opposing armies
• Battle of Borodino - The battle
• Battle of Borodino - Statistical discussion
• Battle of Borodino - Aftermath

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Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). 1821 - Events. March 25 - The Orthodox Metropolitan Germanos of Patras proclaims national uprising. Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence. June 19 - Decisive defeat of the Philikí Etaireía by the Ottomans at Drăgăşani (in Wallachia). Including:

• 1821 - Events
• 1821 - Births
• 1821 - Deaths

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The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, in Latin as the 'Triregnum', or in Italian as the 'Triregno',[1] is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown of Byzantine and Persian origin that is the symbol of the papacy. Papal Tiaras were worn by all popes from Pope Clement V (d. 1314) to Pope Paul VI, who was crowned in 1963. Pope Paul VI abandoned the use of his own tiara after the Second Vatican Council, symbolically layin ...

Including:

• Papal Tiara - Not just one tiara
• Papal Tiara - Shape of the Triple Tiara
• Papal Tiara - Weight of the tiara
• Papal Tiara - Symbolism of the Triple Tiara
• Papal Tiara - Origins
• Papal Tiara - Usage
• Papal Tiara - The Papal Coronation
• Papal Tiara - The Papal Tiara and the 666 controversy
• Papal Tiara - The last crowned Pope
• Papal Tiara - A permanent end to the wearing of the Triple Tiara?
• Papal Tiara - Tiara envy
• Papal Tiara - The triple tiara in Tarot
• Papal Tiara - Footnotes

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Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). 1815 - Events. January 2 - Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke, Seaham, County Durham. January 3 - Austria, Britain, and France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. January 8 - War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans February 3 - The first commercial cheese factor ...

Including:

• 1815 - Events
• 1815 - Ongoing events
• 1815 - Births
• 1815 - Deaths

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Ascension Island is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean, and includes tiny satellite islands and rocks such as Boatswain Bird Island, Boatswain Bird Rock (East), White Rocks (South), and Tartar Rock (West, at the shore of Georgetown). It is a Crown Colony of the United Kingdom. It is one of a number of hotspot oceanic islands in the South Atlantic (which include the sister islands of Saint H ...

Including:

• Ascension Island - Physical
• Ascension Island - History
• Ascension Island - Population
• Ascension Island - Military
• Ascension Island - Communications
• Ascension Island - Wildlife
• Ascension Island - Postal history

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