The French Revolution abolished the different treatment of people according to religion or origin that existed under the monarchy; the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed freedom of religion and free exercise of worship, provided that it did not contradict public order. At that time, most other European countries implemented measures restricting the rights of people from minority religions. The conquests of Napoleon Bonaparte had the effect to spread the modernist ideas of revolutionary ...

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Napoleon and the Jews, Napoleon and the Jews - Napoleon's Law and the Jews, Napoleon and the Jews - Napoleon and a Jewish state in Palestine?, Napoleon and the Jews - Napoleon's legacy

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Including:

Crown of Napoleon - Origins Crown of Napoleon - Usage Crown of Napoleon - Design Crown of Napoleon - After the Empire Crown of Napoleon - Sale of the French Crown Jewels

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The French Revolution of the 1790s had led to the destruction of most of the ancient French Crown Jewels along with the eventual abolition of the French monarchy and the execution of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. When Napoleon I declared himself French Emperor a decade later he decided to create new Imperial regalia, the centrepiece of which was his Charlemagne crown. ...

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Crown of Napoleon, Crown of Napoleon - Origins, Crown of Napoleon - Usage, Crown of Napoleon - Design, Crown of Napoleon - After the Empire, Crown of Napoleon - Sale of the French Crown Jewels

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Napoleon visited his studio in 1797, and David recorded his face, which later became his famous Napoleon crossing the St Bernard Pass. Napoleon actually had used a mule, but instead he insisted that David paint his favorite horse. Napoleon had high esteem for David, and asked him to accompany him to Egypt, but David refused. After the proclamation of the empire, he became the official court painter of the regime. One of the works David was commissioned for was The Coronation of Napoleon in Notre Dame. David was permitted ...

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Jacques-Louis David, Jacques-Louis David - Early life, Jacques-Louis David - Early work, Jacques-Louis David - The Revolution, Jacques-Louis David - Post Revolution, Jacques-Louis David - Napoleon, Jacques-Louis David - Exile

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In one of history's great coincidences, David's close association with the Committee of Public Safety during the Terror resulted in his signing of the death warrant for one Alexandre de Beauharnais, a minor noble. De Beauharnais's widow, Rose-Marie Josephe de Tascher de Beauharnais would later be known to the world as Josephine Bonaparte, Empress of the French. It was her coronation by her husband, Napoleon I, that David depicted so memorably in the "Coronat ...

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Jacques-Louis David, Jacques-Louis David - Early life, Jacques-Louis David - Early work, Jacques-Louis David - The Revolution, Jacques-Louis David - Post Revolution, Jacques-Louis David - Napoleon, Jacques-Louis David - Exile

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The film follows the protagonist Napoleon Dynamite, a bright but introverted, dorky high school student with a penchant for "tots", drawing fantasy creatures, fishing for bass, and telling implausible stories. The film showcases Napoleon's personality and circle of equally quirky friends, family, and associates in his predominantly Mormon hometown of Preston, Idaho. Though the film has been described as "quirky", it is not in the same vein as the Wes Anderson films, as the main character, his brother, and some of his friends' behaviors mirro ...

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Napoleon Dynamite, Napoleon Dynamite - Plot, Napoleon Dynamite - Characters, Napoleon Dynamite - Main, Napoleon Dynamite - Secondary, Napoleon Dynamite - Background information, Napoleon Dynamite - Themes, Napoleon Dynamite - Cultural effect and criticism, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia in DVD commentary, Napoleon Dynamite - Soundtrack list

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Napoleon Dynamite - Main. Napoleon Dynamite (Jon Heder), the film's protagonist, is supposedly a stereotypical nerd who loves to draw fantasy creatures. He has very poor social skills and an awkward apperance, yet he also lacks the intelligence typically associated with nerds, having attempted time travel with a crude device his Uncle Rico purchased on the Internet. He enjoys Tater Tots and tetherball. He is active in the Future Farmers of America and his school's Happy Hands Club. His best friends a ...

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Napoleon Dynamite, Napoleon Dynamite - Plot, Napoleon Dynamite - Characters, Napoleon Dynamite - Main, Napoleon Dynamite - Secondary, Napoleon Dynamite - Background information, Napoleon Dynamite - Themes, Napoleon Dynamite - Cultural effect and criticism, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia in DVD commentary, Napoleon Dynamite - Soundtrack list

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Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte was a man of great concentration. His success was all due to the power of concentration. He suffered from various diseases as epileptic fits, Brady cardia, etc. But for these maladies, he would have proved still more powerful.

From "Kundalini Yoga" by Sri Swami Sivananda

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All the characters of Napoleon Dynamite experience a rite-of-passage. Virtually everyone in the movie is stuck either in the '80s era or a past state-of-mind. This is evident in Deb's fashion sense (her hair and wardrobe), Uncle Rico's appearance and wistfulness, Kip's fashion sense (a nerdy, retro wardrobe and excessively large glasses), and Pedro's bewilderment at being reprimanded for practicing a "Mexican tradition". Towards the end of the movie, however, everyone snaps out of the past and into the present. To that end, Kip ditches the I ...

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Napoleon Dynamite, Napoleon Dynamite - Plot, Napoleon Dynamite - Characters, Napoleon Dynamite - Main, Napoleon Dynamite - Secondary, Napoleon Dynamite - Background information, Napoleon Dynamite - Themes, Napoleon Dynamite - Cultural effect and criticism, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia in DVD commentary, Napoleon Dynamite - Soundtrack list

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The Napoleonic Code was based on both earlier French laws and Roman law, and followed Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis in dividing civil law into: personal status; property; acquisition of property. The intention behind the Napoleonic Code was to reform the French legal system in accordance with the principles of the French Revolution. Before the Code, France did not have a single set of laws; laws depended on local customs, and often on exemptions, privileges and special charters granted b ...

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Napoleonic code, Napoleonic code - History, Napoleonic code - Contents of the code, Napoleonic code - Other French codes of Napoleon's era, Napoleonic code - Penal Code, Napoleonic code - Code of Criminal Instruction, Napoleonic code - Codes in other countries, Napoleonic code - External link

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Napoleon is credited with introducing the concept of the modern professional conscript army to Europe, an innovation which other states eventually followed. In France, Napoleon is seen by some as having ended lawlessness and disorder in France, and that the Napoleonic Wars also served to export the Revolution to the rest of Europe; the movements of national unification and the rise of the nation state, notably in Italy and Germany, may have been prec ...

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Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Childhood and early life, Napoleon I of France - An interesting youth, Napoleon I of France - Training and schooling, Napoleon I of France - Preparatory School, Napoleon I of France - First commands and Toulon, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

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Preston, Idaho is a real town located near the Utah border, and is predominantly Mormon. Since the release of Napoleon, it has become a tourist attraction of sorts, with the school, Preston High School, being a main feature. Preston held a Napoleon Dynamite Festival celebrating the film on June 24-25,2005, and an estimated 6,000 people attended the two-day event. Napoleon T-shirts have also become somewhat hot commodities in 2005, selling at many stores that sell novelty shirts, such as Hot Topic. In April 2005, the Idaho state ...

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Napoleon Dynamite, Napoleon Dynamite - Plot, Napoleon Dynamite - Characters, Napoleon Dynamite - Main, Napoleon Dynamite - Secondary, Napoleon Dynamite - Background information, Napoleon Dynamite - Themes, Napoleon Dynamite - Cultural effect and criticism, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia in DVD commentary, Napoleon Dynamite - Soundtrack list

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Opposing Armies. In June 1812, Napoleon's Grande Armée of 691,500 men, the largest army assembled up to that point in European history, crossed the river Neman and headed towards Moscow. The Grande Armée was divided as follows: A central strike force of 250,000 under the emperor's personal command. Two other frontline armies under Eugène de Beauharnais (80,000 men) and Jérôme Bonaparte (70,000 men). Two detached corps under Jacques MacDonald (32,500 men) and Karl Schwarzenberg (34,000 Austr ...

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Nomenclature, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Invasion, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Opposing Armies, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The March on Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Capture of Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Retreat, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Historical Assessment, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - List of Russian commanders, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - External link

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Opposing Armies. In June 1812, Grande Armée of 691,500 men, the largest army assembled up to that point in European history, crossed the river Neman and headed towards Moscow. The Grande Armée was divided as follows: A central strike force of 250,000 under the emperor's personal command. Two other frontline armies under Eugène de Beauharnais (80,000 men) and Jérôme Bonaparte (70,000 men). Two detached corps under Jacques MacDonald (32,500 men) and Karl Schwarzenberg (34,000 Austr ...

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Nomenclature, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Invasion, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Opposing Armies, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The March on Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Capture of Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Retreat, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Historical Assessment, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - List of Russian commanders, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - External link

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Until 1941 it was known in Russia as the Patriotic War (Russian Отечественная война, Otechestvennaya Voyna); the Russian term Patriotic War of 1812 distinguishes it from the Great Patriotic War, the term the Soviets applied to their front in World War II. Also in Russian, it is occasionally referred to as the "War of 1812", offering some opportunity for confusion since in English that generally refers to the con ...

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Nomenclature, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Invasion, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Opposing Armies, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The March on Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Capture of Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Retreat, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Historical Assessment, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - List of Russian commanders, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - External link

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Until 1941 it was known in Russia as the Patriotic War (Russian Отечественная война, Otechestvennaya Voyna); the Russian term Patriotic War of 1812 distinguishes it from the Great Patriotic War, the term the Soviets applied to their front in World War II. Also in Russian, it is occasionally referred to as the "War of 1812," offering some opportunity for confusion since in English that usually refers to the 1 ...

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Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Nomenclature, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Invasion, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Opposing Armies, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The March on Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - The Capture of Moscow, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Retreat, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - Historical Assessment, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - List of Russian commanders, Napoleon's Invasion of Russia - External link

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Napoleonic code - Penal Code. In 1791, Louis Michel le Peletier, de Saint-Fargeau had presented a new criminal code to the national Constituent Assembly. He explained that it outlawed only "true crimes" and not "phoney offenses, created by superstition, feudalism, the tax system, and [royal] despotism." He did not list the crimes "created by superstition" (meaning the Christian religion), but these certainly included blasphemy, heresy, sacrilege, and witchcraft, and most probably also incest, beastiality, and sam ...

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Napoleonic code, Napoleonic code - History, Napoleonic code - Contents of the code, Napoleonic code - Other French codes of Napoleon's era, Napoleonic code - Penal Code, Napoleonic code - Code of Criminal Instruction, Napoleonic code - Codes in other countries, Napoleonic code - External link

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The Crown of Napoleon was used until his second overthrow in 1815. King Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI, was installed on the throne as King of France following Napoleon's overthrow. In contrast both to his brother and to Napoleon, the new king opted not to have a coronation. When his brother, Charles X became king in 1824 he reinstated the traditional monarchical coronation in Reims and was crowned using the remaining pre-revolutionary French royal crown, the Crown of Louis XV. No more French coronations, either impe ...

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Crown of Napoleon, Crown of Napoleon - Origins, Crown of Napoleon - Usage, Crown of Napoleon - Design, Crown of Napoleon - After the Empire, Crown of Napoleon - Sale of the French Crown Jewels

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Napoleon Dynamite has had a very noticeable impact on popular culture since its theatrical release in June 2004. Repeating memorable quotations from the movie, such as "Schweet!","heck yes", "gosh", "freakin' idiot", "Tina you fat lard, come get some dinner!", "my lips hurt real bad!" and "Vote for Pedro", has become a trendy part of popular youth culture. Although the only official movie merchandise is the DVD, many retailers are selling unofficial clothing and other merchandise based on the film, particularly "Vote for Pedro" t-sh ...

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Napoleon Dynamite, Napoleon Dynamite - Plot, Napoleon Dynamite - Characters, Napoleon Dynamite - Main, Napoleon Dynamite - Secondary, Napoleon Dynamite - Background information, Napoleon Dynamite - Themes, Napoleon Dynamite - Cultural effect and criticism, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia, Napoleon Dynamite - Trivia in DVD commentary, Napoleon Dynamite - Soundtrack list

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Even though the Napoleonic Code was not the first, it was the most influential one. (For a list of early codes, see here). It was adopted in many countries that were occupied by French forces during the Napoleonic Wars and thus formed the basis of the private law systems also of Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal and their former colonies. Other codes with some influence in their own right were the Swiss, German and Austrian ones, but even there some influence of the French code can be felt, as the Napoleonic Code ...

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Napoleonic code, Napoleonic code - History, Napoleonic code - Contents of the code, Napoleonic code - Other French codes of Napoleon's era, Napoleonic code - Penal Code, Napoleonic code - Code of Criminal Instruction, Napoleonic code - Codes in other countries, Napoleonic code - External link

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