Nahmanides

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Azriel Jewish mystic

Azriel was one of the most important Jewish mystics in the Spanish town of Gerona (north of Barcelona) during the thirteenth century when it was an important center of the Kabbalah. (The most important figure from the kabbalist community of Gerona was Nahmanides.) Azriel was the most important student of the neo-Platonist mystic Isaac the Blind. Azriel’s writings covered subjects pertaining to the sefirot and included his ...

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Bahir The Bahir (Hebrew for "Illumination") is a pseudepigraphic mystical work attributed to Nehunya ben ha-Kanah, a first century rabbinic sage, and a contemporary of Johanan ben Zakkai (first century), because it begins with the words, "R. Nehunya ben ha-Kanah said". It was first published in the 12th century, southern France. It is an early work of esoteric Jewish mysticism which eventually became known as Kabbalah. Bahir - Title. Nahmanides, in his commentary on the Torah, (Genesis 1) is one of the fir ...

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Nahmanides: Encyclopedia II - Bahir - Title

Nahmanides, in his commentary on the Torah, (Genesis 1) is one of the first to quote the work under the title Midrash R. Nehunya ben ha-Kanah. ("R. Nehunya b. ha-Kanah said," the opening sentence) Among medieval Kabbalists it became known as Sefer ha-Bahir, taken from the comment in the Book of Job, "One verse says: 'And now men see not the light which is bright (bahir) in the skies'" (Job 37:21). ...

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Kabbalah - Dualism

Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism

Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society

Kabbalah - Footnotes

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Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Talmud

The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. It is a fundamental source of legislation, customs, case histories and moral exhortations. The Talmud has two components, the Mishnah which is the first written compilation of Judaism's Oral Law, and the Gemara, a discussion of the Mishnah (though the terms Talmud and Gemara are generally used interchangeably). It expands on the earlier writings in the Torah in general ...

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Talmud - Structure and function

Talmud - The two Talmuds

Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism

Talmud - Historical study

Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud

Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud

Talmud - Charges of racism

Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars

Talmud - Conservative

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Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Siddur

The siddur (plural siddurim) is the prayerbook used by Jews the world over, containing a set order of daily prayers. A separate article, Jewish services, discusses the prayers that appear in the siddur, and when they are said. This entry discusses how some of these prayers evolved, and how the siddur as we know it today has developed. Siddur - History of the siddur. The earliest parts of Jewish prayer are the "Shema Yisrael" (Hear O Israel) (Deuteronomy 6:4 et seq) and the set of 19 blessings ...

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Siddur - History of the siddur

Siddur - External link

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Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Zionism

Zionism is a political movement and an ideology that supports a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, where the Jewish nation originated and where Jewish kingdoms and self-governing states existed at various times in history. While Zionism is based heavily upon religious tradition linking the Jewish people to the Land of Israel, the modern movement was originally secular, beginning largely as a response to ram ...

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Zionism - Notes

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Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - 1263

For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1263 - Events. 1263 - War and politics. October - King Alexander III of Scotland defeats the Viking armada of King Haakon IV of Norway in the Battle of Largs. King James I of Aragon conquers Crevillente, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista. Mindaugas, the only Christian king of Lithuania, is assassinated by his cousin Treniota. The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become ...

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1263 - Events

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Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Jewish principles of faith

There are a number of basic Jewish principles of faith that one is expected to uphold in order to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. However, unlike most Christian denominations, the Jewish community has never developed any one binding catechism. A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, though there is some dispute over how many basic principles there are. Rabbi Joseph Albo, for instance, in Sefer Ha-Ikkarim counts three principles of faith, while Maimonides lists thirteen. While some lat ...

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Jewish principles of faith - Jewish principles of faith

Jewish principles of faith - History and development

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Islam and Judaism

The historical interaction of Islam and Judaism began in the 7th century with the spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. Because both of these religions share a common origin in the Middle East, and because of the shared aspects between Judaism and Islam, as well as the influence of Muslim culture and philosophy on practitioners of Judaism within the Islamic world, there has been considerable and continued physical, theological, and political overlap between the two faiths in the subsequent 1,400 years. Islam and Juda ...

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Islam and Judaism - Early relationship

Islam and Judaism - Islamic view of the Torah

Islam and Judaism - Historical

Islam and Judaism - Interplay between Jewish and Islamic thought

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Jewish eschatology

Jewish eschatology is concerned with Mashiach (the Jewish Messiah) the continuation of the Davidic line, and Olam Haba (Hebrew for "the world to come"; i.e. the afterlife). Jewish eschatology - Mashiach/Messiah. The Hebrew word Mashiach (or Moshiach) means anointed one, and refers to a mortal human being. Within Judaism, the Mashiach is a human being who will be a descendant of King David continuing the Davidic line, and who will usher in a messianic era of peace and prosp ...

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Jewish eschatology - Biblical verses

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - 613 mitzvot

613 mitzvot (or 613 Commandments. Hebrew: תרי"ג מצוות transliterated as Taryag mitzvot; TaRYaG is the acronym for the numeric value of "613".) In Judaism there is a tradition that the Torah (i.e. the "Pentateuch") contains 613 mitzvot (mitzvot in Hebrew means "commandments", from mitzvah - מצוה -- "precept", plural: mitzvot; from צוה, tzavah- "command"). According to the main source, of these 613, 248 are mitzvot aseh ("positive commandments") ...

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613 mitzvot - Maimonides' work

613 mitzvot - Maimonides' list

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Rabbinic literature

Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaism's rabbinic writing/s throughout history. However, the term often used as an exact cognate of the Hebrew term Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literature [of our] Sages, [of] blessed memory"), where the latter usually refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era. The latter, more specific, sense is how the term is normally used in medieval and modern rabbinic writing (where Hazal normally refers only to the sages of the ...

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Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Reincarnation

Reincarnation, as a doctrine or mystical belief, holds the notion that one's 'Spirit' ('Soul' depending on interpretation), 'Higher or True Self', 'Divine Spark', 'I' or 'Ego' (not to be confused with the ego as defined by psychology) or critical parts of these returns to the material world after physical death to be reborn in a new body. The natural process is considered integrative of all experiences from each lifetime. A new personality feature, with the associated character, is developed during each life in the physical world, bas ...

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Reincarnation - A theory of reincarnation

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Bahya ben Asher

Bahya ben Asher or Bahya ben Asher ben Halawa also known as the Rabbeinu Behaye, born about the middle of the thirteenth century at Saragossa, died 1340 was a 13th century rabbi and scholar of Judaism. He was a commentator on the Hebrew Bible and is noted for introducing Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) into study of the Torah. He is considered by Jewish scholars to be one of the most distinguished of the Biblical exegetes of Spain. He was a ...

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Bahya ben Asher - Works incorrectly attributed to him

Bahya ben Asher - Analysis

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Yosef Karo

Rabbi Yosef (Joseph) Ben Ephraim Karo is one of the most important leaders in the history of halakha (Jewish law). He was born in Spain or Portugal in 1488; he died at Safed (Tzefat), Israel, March 24, 1575. He is also known as HaMechaber, Hebrew for "the author [of the Shulkhan Arukh]", his most famous work; and as Maran Beth Yosef, "our master, [the author of] Beth Yosef". Yosef Karo - Biography. If his birthplace was Spain, his family probably left for Portugal a ...

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Yosef Karo - Biography

Yosef Karo - Authority recognized

Yosef Karo - Works

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia - Zeved habat

Zeved habat (Sephardic) or Simchat bat (Ashkenazi) are terms for the ritual for naming infant Jewish girls. These rituals are parallel to the berit milah ceremony for Jewish boys, albeit without the circumcision. Zeved habat (also written Zebed habat) (Hebrew זֶבֶד הַבָּת) is the name of the traditional Sephardic Jewish naming ceremony. In Ashkenazi Judaism there have been a variety of simple namegiving ceremonies for girls, many of which were a simple announcement by th ...

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Zeved habat - Text of Mi shebberach for naming of daughter

Zeved habat - Conservative Judaism

Zeved habat - Reading list

Nahmanides: Encyclopedia II - Judaism and evolution - Jewish views in reaction to Darwin

With the advent of Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory, the Jewish community found itself engaged in a discussion of Jewish principles of faith and modern scientific findings. By the early 1900s, the majority of Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism came to accept the existence of evolution as a scientific fact. They interpreted Genesis and related Jewish teachings in light of this fact. Orthodox Judaism offered significantly more resistance to this idea, with many Orthodox rabbis developing rejections of evolution that exactly par ...

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