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mycorrhizal | A Wisdom Archive on mycorrhizal | | mycorrhizal A selection of articles related to mycorrhizal | |
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mycorrhizal
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO mycorrhizal | | | |  mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerceOne orchid genus, Vanilla, is commercially important, used as a foodstuff flavoring, the source of Vanilla. The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids are ground up and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or the so-called "fox-testicle ice cream" salepi dondurma. The scent of orchids is frequently used by perfumists (using Gas-liquid chromatography) to identify potential fragrance chemicals. With these exceptions, orchids have virtually no commercial value other than for the enj ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Taxonomy The taxonomy of this family is in constant flux, as DNA studies give new information. An in-depth treatment of the taxonomy is given in Taxonomy of the Orchid family.
The following genera have been described (for a full list, see List of Orchidaceae genera with more than 800 genera and many pictures):
Aa; Abdominea; Acampe; Acanthephippium; Aceratorchis; Acianthus; Acineta; Acrorchis; Ada; Aerangis; Aeranthes; Aerides; Aganisia; Agrost ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Taxonomy |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots All orchids are perennial herbs, lacking any permanent woody structure.
Some orchids are terrestrial, growing rooted in the soil. Terrestrial orchids may be rhizomatous, forming corms or tubers. These act as storage organs for food and water. The root caps of terrestrials are smooth and white. Terrestrials are mostly found in colder climates.
A great many orchids are epiphytes, which do not require soil and use trees for support. They occur in warmer regions. Epiphytic orchids have modified aerial roots an ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers Orchids are truly flowers of superlatives. Even a complete layman in botany is awed by the beauty of orchids. No plant family has as many different flowers as the orchid family.
There are many types of specializations within the Orchidaceae. Best known are the seemingly endless structural variations in the flowers that encourage pollination by particular species of insects, bats, or birds.
Most African orchids are white, while Asian orchids are often multicolored. Some orchids only grow one flower on each stem, others sometimes m ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots All orchids are perennial herbs, lacking any permanent woody structure.
Some orchids are terrestrial, growing rooted in the soil. Terrestrial orchids may be rhizomatous, forming corms or tubers. These act as storage organs for food and water. The root caps of terrestrials are smooth and white. Terrestrials are mostly found in colder climates.
A great many orchids are epiphytes, growing out of soil on tree branches. They occur in warmer regions. Epiphytic orchids have modified aerial roots and, in the older ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Truffle - History The Romans knew truffles. However, although Italy produced the Tuber melanosporum and the Tuber magnatum, the Romans only used the terfez (Terfezia bouderi), a mushroom which resembles truffles, which the Romans called a truffle, and which is sometimes called a "desert truffle", but is not actually a truffle. Terfez used in Rome came from Greece and especially from Libya, where the coastal climate was less dry in ancient times. Their substance is pale, tinged with rose. Unlike truffles, terfez have no taste of their own. ...
See also:Truffle, Truffle - Edible usage, Truffle - Methods of production, Truffle - Kinds of truffles, Truffle - Truffles in New Zealand and Australia, Truffle - Truffles in the UK, Truffle - History, Truffle - Chocolate Truffles Read more here: » Truffle: Encyclopedia II - Truffle - History |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Demographics Most of the estimated 20.4 million Australians are descended from 19th- and 20th-century immigrants, the majority from Britain and Ireland. Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I [16], spurred by an ambitious immigration program. In 2001, the five largest groups of the 27.4% of Australians who were born overseas were from the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy, Vietnam and China.[13]< ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Demographics |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Culture The primary basis of Australian culture up until the mid-20th century was Anglo-Celtic, although distinctive Australian features had been evolving from the environment and indigenous culture. Over the past 50 years, Australian culture has been strongly influenced by American popular culture (particularly television and cinema), large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking countries, and Australia's Asian neighbours.
Australia has a long history of visual arts, starting with the cave and bark paintings of its indigenous peoples. F ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Culture |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Leaves They have simple leaves with parallel veins. Their shape is very variable between species, ovate, lanceolate, or orbiculate. Their size and shape can be an aid in identifying the orchid, since it reflects the taxonomic position. The leaves can be enormous or minute, or they can even be lacking (as in the Ghost Orchid Dendrophylax lindenii, a mycoheterotrophic species, and Aphyllorchis and Taeniophyllum, which depend on their roots, which co ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Leaves |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Flora and fauna Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it covers a diverse range of habitats, from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests. Because of the great age and consequent low levels of fertility of the continent, its extremely variable weather patterns, and its long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's biota is unique and diverse. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic.[10]< ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Flora and fauna |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Truffle - Edible usage Because of their high price and their pungent taste, truffles are used sparingly. Paper-thin truffle slices may be inserted in meats, under the skins of roasted fowl, in foie gras preparations, in pâtés, or in stuffings. Truffle infused oil is an economical and popular way to enjoy their flavor.
The flavor of black truffles can be compared to Gorgonzola cheese, but with an earthy/cooked mushroom base note and without dairy notes, and with a mildly pungent and not-unpleasant element of burnt rubber. No description, however, has ever fully sufficed to make their flavor imaginable with ...
See also:Truffle, Truffle - Edible usage, Truffle - Methods of production, Truffle - Kinds of truffles, Truffle - Truffles in New Zealand and Australia, Truffle - Truffles in the UK, Truffle - History, Truffle - Chocolate Truffles Read more here: » Truffle: Encyclopedia II - Truffle - Edible usage |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Taxonomy The taxonomy of this family is in constant flux, as DNA studies give new information. An in-depth treatment of the taxonomy is given in Taxonomy of the Orchid family.
The following genera have been described (for a full list, see List of Orchidaceae genera with more than 800 genera and many pictures):
Aa; Abdominea; Acampe; Acanthephippium; Aceratorchis; Acianthus; Acineta; Acrorchis; Ada; Aerangis; Aeranthes; Aerides; Aganisia; Agrost ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - See Also, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Taxonomy |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - History The first human habitation of Australia is estimated to have occurred between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago.[1] The first Australians were the ancestors of the current Indigenous Australians; they arrived via land bridges and short sea-crossings from present-day Southeast Asia. Most of these people were hunter-gatherers, with a complex oral culture and spiritual values based on reverence for the land and a belief in the Dreamtime. The Torres Strait I ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture, Australia - Related topics Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - History |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Politics See main articles: Government of Australia, Politics of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy and has a parliamentary system of government. Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of Australia, a role that is distinct from her position as Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. The Queen is nominally represented by the Governor-General; although the Constitution gives extensive executive powers to the Governor-General, these are normally exercised only on the ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture, Australia - Related topics Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Politics |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - States and territories Australia consists of six states, two major mainland territories, and other minor territories. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The two major mainland territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.
In most respects, the territories function similarly to the states, but the Commonwealth Parliament can override any legislation of their parliaments. By contrast, federal legislation overrides state legislation only with respect to certain a ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture, Australia - Related topics Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - States and territories |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce One orchid genus, Vanilla, is commercially important, used as a foodstuff flavoring, the source of Vanilla. The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids are ground up and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or the so-called "fox-testicle ice cream" salepi dondurma. The scent of orchids is frequently used by perfumists (using Gas-liquid chromatography) to identify potential fragrance chemicals. With these exceptions, orchids have virtually no commercial value other than for the enj ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - See Also, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds The orchid ovary is always inferior (located behind the flower), three-carpelate and 1 or 3-partitioned, with parietal placentation (but axile in the Apostasioideae).
If pollination was successful, the sepals and petals decolorize and wilt. But they remain attached to the ovary. The epigynous ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by 3 or 6 longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The ripening of a capsule can take from 2 to 18 months. The microscopic seeds are very numerous (over a million per capsu ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - See Also, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots All orchids are perennial herbs, lacking any permanent woody structure.
Some orchids are terrestrial, growing rooted in the soil. Terrestrial orchids may be rhizomatous, forming corms or tubers. These act as storage organs for food and water. The root caps of terrestrials are smooth and white. Terrestrials are mostly found in colder climates.
A great many orchids are epiphytes, growing out of soil on tree branches. They occur in warmer regions. Epiphytic orchids have modified aerial roots and, in the older ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - See Also, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers Orchids are truly flowers of superlatives. Even a complete layman in botany is awed by the beauty of orchids. No plant family has as many different flowers as the orchid family.
There are many types of specializations within the Orchidaceae. Best known are the seemingly endless structural variations in the flowers that encourage pollination by particular species of insects, bats, or birds.
Most African orchids are white, while Asian orchids are often multicolored. Some orchids only grow one flower on each stem, others sometimes m ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - See Also, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Reproduction It is in the variety and the very refinement of their reproductive methods that orchids truly amaze. Each time, the lip serves as landing pad for the insects. This labellum has the right color and the right form to attract the right insect. After pollination, the epigynous ovary starts developing and produces a many-seeded capsule.
The Paphiopedilums (Lady Slippers) have a deep pocket that traps visitors, with just one exit. Passage through this exit leads to pollinia being deposited on the insect.
A Eurasian gen ...
See also:Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae - General description, Orchidaceae - Leaves, Orchidaceae - Stem, Orchidaceae - Plant thallus and roots, Orchidaceae - Orchid flowers, Orchidaceae - Reproduction, Orchidaceae - Fruits and seeds, Orchidaceae - Orchids in commerce, Orchidaceae - Taxonomy, Orchidaceae - See Also, Orchidaceae - Reference Read more here: » Orchidaceae: Encyclopedia II - Orchidaceae - Reproduction |
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| | | | | mycorrhizal: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Foreign relations and military See main articles: Foreign relations of Australia, Australian Defence Force
Over recent decades, Australia's foreign relations have been driven by a close association with the United States, through the ANZUS pact and by a desire to develop relationships with Asia and the Pacific, particularly through ASEAN and the Pacific Islands Forum. In 2005 Australia secured an inaugural seat at the East Asia Summit following its accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation. Australia ...
See also:Australia, Australia - Origin and history of the name, Australia - History, Australia - Politics, Australia - States and territories, Australia - Foreign relations and military, Australia - Geography and climate, Australia - Flora and fauna, Australia - Economy, Australia - Demographics, Australia - Culture, Australia - Related topics Read more here: » Australia: Encyclopedia II - Australia - Foreign relations and military |
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