The historical interaction of Islam and Judaism began in the 7th century with the spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. Because both of these religions share a common origin in the Middle East, and because of the shared aspects between Judaism and Islam, as well as the influence of Muslim culture and philosophy on practitioners of Judaism within the Islamic world, there has been considerable and continued physical, theological, and political overlap between the two faiths in the subsequent 1,400 years. Islam and Juda ...

Including:

Islam and Judaism - Early relationship
Islam and Judaism - Islamic view of the Torah
Islam and Judaism - Historical
Islam and Judaism - Spain 711-1492 Islam and Judaism - Ottoman Empire 1326-1800 Islam and Judaism - Iraq Islam and Judaism - Persia and Iran 711-1900 Islam and Judaism - North Africa Islam and Judaism - Tunisia Islam and Judaism - Morocco Islam and Judaism - Egypt Islam and Judaism - Algeria Islam and Judaism - Central Asia and the Mongol Khanates
Islam and Judaism - Interplay between Jewish and Islamic thought
Islam and Judaism - Major thinkers in Jewish and Islamic philosophy Islam and Judaism - Influence on exegesis Islam and Judaism - Influences on Worship

Read more here: » Islam and Judaism: Encyclopedia - Islam and Judaism

1977 (MCMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). 1977 - Events. January 10 - Major eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in eastern Zaire. January 17 - Gary Gilmore executed by a firing squad in Utah January 18 - Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious "legionnaire's disease" January 18 - Australia experiences its worst railway disaster at Granville, near Sydney, in which 83 people ...

Including:

1977 - Events
1977 - February 1977 - March 1977 - April 1977 - May 1977 - June 1977 - July 1977 - August 1977 - September 1977 - October 1977 - November 1977 - December 1977 - Unknown dates
1977 - Births
1977 - January-March 1977 - April 1977 - May 1977 - June 1977 - July-November 1977 - December
1977 - Deaths
1977 - January-March 1977 - April-August 1977 - September-December
1977 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1977: Encyclopedia - 1977

Arabic. ("pronouncement", "invocation" or "remembrance") also spelled zikr based on its pronunciation in Turkish and Persian. Dhikr is the remembrance of God commanded in the Qur'an for all Muslims. To engage in dhikr is to have awareness of God according to Islam. Dhikr as a devotional act includes the repetition of divine names, supplications and aphorisms from hadith literature, and sections of the Qur'an. More generally, any activity in which the Muslim mai ...

Including:

Dhikr - Modes of Dhikr Dhikr - Forms of Dhikr Dhikr - Source

Read more here: » Dhikr: Encyclopedia - Dhikr

The Yoruba (native name Yorùbá) are the largest single ethnic group in Nigeria. The Yoruba constitute approximately 24% percent of Nigeria's total population, and number upwards of 30 million individuals throughout the region of West Africa. They share borders with the Nupe and Borgu peoples in the northwest, the Esan and Edo to the southeast, the Igala and other related groups to the northeast, and the Egun, Fon, and other Gbe-speaking peoples in the southwest. While the majority of the Yoruba live in the south-west of Nigeria, there are also substantial Yoruba communities i ...

Including:

Yoruba - Odùduwà Yoruba - Yoruba mythology Yoruba - Yoruba cities Yoruba - History Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization Yoruba - Culture Yoruba - Sports Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People Yoruba - Language Links Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia - Yoruba

Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Its capital is the Imus although the capitol building is still located in the city of Trece Martirez. Cavite is surrounded by the provinces of Laguna to the east and Batangas to the south. To the west lies the South China Sea. {{Infobox Philippine province (with note) | infoboxtitle=Province of Cavite| sealfile=| region=CALABARZON (Region IV-A)| capital= Imus| founded=March 10, 191 ...

Including:

Cavite - People and Culture Cavite - Economy Cavite - Geography
Cavite - Political Cavite - Physical
Cavite - History
Cavite - Capital of Cavite

Read more here: » Cavite: Encyclopedia - Cavite

Caesarea Palaestina, also called Caesarea Maritima, a town built by Herod the Great about 25–13 BC, lies on the sea-coast of Israel about halfway between Tel Aviv and Haifa, on the site of a place previously called Pyrgos Stratonos ("Strato" or "Straton's Tower," in Latin Turris Stratonis). Caesarea Palaestina should not be confused with other cities named to flatter the Caesar, Caesarea Philippi, also in Palestine, or Caesarea Mazaca in Anatolian Cappadocia. Herod the palace-builder did not neglect his n ...

Read more here: » Caesarea Palaestina: Encyclopedia - Caesarea Palaestina

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in IslamIncluding:

Prophets of Islam - Prophets in the Qur'an Prophets of Islam - Other Possible Prophets Prophets of Islam - Index of Verses
Prophets of Islam - Adam آدم Prophets of Islam - Idris Enoch ادريس Prophets of Islam - Nuh Noah نوح Prophets of Islam - Hud Heber هود Prophets of Islam - Saleh Shelah صالح Prophets of Islam - Ibrahim Abraham ابراهيم Prophets of Islam - Lut Lot لوط Prophets of Islam - Ismail Ishmael اسماعيل Prophets of Islam - Ishaq Isaac اسحاق Prophets of Islam - Yaqub Jacob يعقوب Prophets of Islam - Yusuf Joseph يوسف Prophets of Islam - Shoaib Jethro شعيب Prophets of Islam - Musa Moses موسى Prophets of Islam - Harun Aaron هارون Prophets of Islam - Daud David داود Prophets of Islam - Sulayman Solomon سليمان Prophets of Islam - Ayub Job أيوب Prophets of Islam - Ilyas Elijah إلياس Prophets of Islam - Zulkifl possibly Ezekiel ذو الكفل Prophets of Islam - Al-Yasa Elisha اليسع Prophets of Islam - Yunus Jonah يونس Prophets of Islam - Zakariya Zechariah زكريا Prophets of Islam - Yahya John يحيى Prophets of Islam - Isa Jesus عيسى

Read more here: » Prophets of Islam: Encyclopedia - Prophets of Islam

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Devanagari/Hindi: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी; Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) was the spiritual and political leader of India who led the struggle for Indian independence from the British Empire, empowered by tens of millions of Indians. Throughout his life, he rejected any form of terrorism or violence. His philosophy of nonviolence, for which he coined the term satyagraha, has influenced national and inter ...

Including:

Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914
Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations
Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945
Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India
Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947 Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination and Dying Words Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles
Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence Mahatma Gandhi - Satya Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy Mahatma Gandhi - Silence Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living Mahatma Gandhi - Religion Mahatma Gandhi - Faith
Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition
Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India
Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi

Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia - Mahatma Gandhi

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان, islāmī jamhūriya i pākistān), or Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان, pākistān) is a country located in South Asia that overlaps onto the Greater Middle East and Central Asia. The country borders Iran (Persia), Afghanistan, China, India and the Arabian Sea. The name of the country "Pakistan" in Urdu and Persian means Land of the Pure. With around 163 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country with the secon ...

Including:

Pakistan - History
Pakistan - Ancient History Pakistan - Arrival of Islam Pakistan - Pre-colonial History Pakistan - British rule Pakistan - Independence and After
Pakistan - Politics
Pakistan - Domestic Politics Pakistan - Foreign Relations Pakistan - Political History
Pakistan - Geography Pakistan - Economy
Pakistan - Overview Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects
Pakistan - Tourism Pakistan - Demographics
Pakistan - Population Statistics Pakistan - Religion Pakistan - Languages Pakistan - Ethnic Groups
Pakistan - Subdivisions Pakistan - Society and Culture
Pakistan - Roots Pakistan - Film Television & Music Pakistan - Globalization Pakistan - Sports Pakistan - Mercantile Culture

Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia - Pakistan

Malcolm X, (born Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) also known as Detroit Red, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and Omowale, was a longtime spokesman for the Nation of Islam. He was also founder of the Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. During his life, Malcolm went from being a street-wise Boston hoodlum to one of the most prominent black nationalist leaders in the United States. As a militant leader, Malcolm X advocated black pride, economic self-reliance, and identi ...

Including:

Malcolm X - Name Malcolm X - Birth and early years Malcolm X - Prison Malcolm X - Nation of Islam Malcolm X - Marriage Malcolm X - Hajj Malcolm X - A Changed Man Malcolm X - Africa Malcolm X - Death and aftermath Malcolm X - Funeral Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia - Malcolm X

Different cultures, time periods, and belief systems have diverse variations in their opinions on the morality of homosexuality, bisexuality and the choice of sexual orientation in general. In recent decades, many societies which formerly treated homosexuality as a crime have now repealed those laws on the basis of civil rights, privacy rights, and changing social attitudes. The increasing social acceptance of homosexuality has been attributed to a range of diverse causes, including the sexual revolution, the gay rights movement, a gr ...

Including:

Religion and sexual orientation - Overview Religion and sexual orientation - Organized religions Religion and sexual orientation - Aspects of the conflict Religion and sexual orientation - Reactions to homosexuality Religion and sexual orientation - View that homosexuality is moral morally acceptable or is not an issue of morality Religion and sexual orientation - Controversy over parallels with other civil rights movements Religion and sexual orientation - Genetic determination choice and change Religion and sexual orientation - Attacks based on stereotypes linking homosexuality to other behaviors Religion and sexual orientation - Views of specific religious groups
Religion and sexual orientation - Atheists agnostics and secularists Religion and sexual orientation - Abrahamic Religion and sexual orientation - Buddhism Confucianism and Taoism Religion and sexual orientation - Hinduism Religion and sexual orientation - Greco-Roman religion Religion and sexual orientation - Mythological figures who engaged in same-sex love

Read more here: » Religion and sexual orientation: Encyclopedia - Religion and sexual orientation

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam • Jihad Liberal Islam Vocabula ...

Including:

Allah - Etymology
Allah - Allah as a word
Allah - Islamic use of Allāh
Allah - Uses of Allāh in phrases
Allah - Islamic concept of God Allah - Other beliefs

Read more here: » Allah: Encyclopedia - Allah

Allahu Akbar is Arabic for "God is the greatest." Akbar is the elative form of the adjective kabīr (great, big, important), meaning "greater, greatest, or very great." The elative combines the meanings of comparative (greater than) and superlative (most great). However, the elative is only explicitly a term of comparison when used with the preposition min, e.g. Allāhu akbar min mala'ikatihi, "Allah is greater than His angels", Allāhu Akbar min kulli shay "God is greater than all". Without a term of comparison, the elative con ...

Including:

Allahu Akbar - External link

Read more here: » Allahu Akbar: Encyclopedia - Allahu Akbar

The word Amen (Tiberian Hebrew אמן ’Āmēn "So be it; truly", Standard Hebrew אמן Amen, Arabic آمين ’Āmīn) is a declaration of affirmation found in the Hebrew Bible and in the Qur'an. It has always been in use within Judaism. It has been generally adopted in Christian worship as a concluding formula for prayers and hymns. In Islam, it is the standard ending to surat al-Fatiha. Common English translations of the word amen include: "Verily", "Truly", "So be it", and "Let i ...

Including:

Amen - Biblical usages Amen - Amen in Judaism Amen - Amen in Christianity Amen - Amen in Islam Amen - Paganism and Freemasonry Amen - External link

Read more here: » Amen: Encyclopedia - Amen

The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The capital is the city of Vienna. Since January 1st, 2006, the seat of the Presidency of the EU has been in Vienna, where Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel assumes leade ...

Including:

Austria - Origin and history of the name Austria - History
Austria - Austria and the Holy Roman Empire Austria - Modern history
Austria - Politics Austria - Subdivisions Austria - Geography
Austria - Climate
Austria - Economy Austria - Demographics
Austria - Politics concerning ethnic groups Volksgruppenpolitik
Austria - Religion Austria - Culture Austria - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Austria: Encyclopedia - Austria

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, who lived in what is now Northern India and Nepal between 566 and 483 BCE. Buddhism spread throughout the ancient Indian sub-continent in the five centuries following his death. It continued to spread into Central, Southeast, and East Asia over the next two millennia. With approximately 708 million followers, Buddhism is a major world religion whose adherents are called Buddhists. Buddhist denominations are historically categ ...

Including:

• Buddhism - What is a Buddha?
• Buddhism - Origins
• Buddhism - Principles of Buddhism
• Buddhism - The Four Noble Truths
• Buddhism - The Noble Eightfold Path
• Buddhism - Practices of Buddhism
• Buddhism - Refuge in The Three Jewels
• Buddhism - The Five Precepts
• Buddhism - Meditation
• Buddhism - Buddha-dhatu Buddha-Principle, Buddha-nature
• Buddhism - Other principles and practices
• Buddhism - Vegetarianism
• Buddhism - Buddhist religious philosophy and branches
• Buddhism - Buddhism after the Buddha
• Buddhism - Principal schools of Buddhist philosophy
• Buddhism - Scriptures
• Buddhism - Relations with other Eastern faiths
• Buddhism - Buddhism in the modern world
• Buddhism - Buddhism and the West
• Buddhism - Buddhism
• Buddhism - Related systems and religions
• Buddhism - References and Links
• Buddhism - References
• Buddhism - Footnotes
• Buddhism - External links

Read more here: » Buddhism

Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group, which can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution. The highly explicit ideology of Adolf Hitler's Nazism was the most extreme example of this phenomenon. Anti-Semitism has historically taken different forms: Religious anti-Semitism, or anti-Judaism. Before the 19th century, most anti-Semitism was primarily religious in nature, based on Christian or ...

Including:

Anti-Semitism - Etymology and usage
Anti-Semitism - Definitions of the term
Anti-Semitism - Earliest Antisemitism Anti-Semitism - Religious Antisemitism
Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism in the New Testament Anti-Semitism - Early Christianity Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the Middle Ages Anti-Semitism - Disabilities and Restrictions Anti-Semitism - The Crusades Anti-Semitism - The expulsions from England France Germany and Spain Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism and the Reformation Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in 19th and 20th century Catholicism Anti-Semitism - Passion plays
Anti-Semitism - Racial anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitism - The rise of racial anti-Semitism Anti-Semitism - Elites and the use of Anti-semitism Anti-Semitism - Dreyfus Affair Anti-Semitism - Pogroms Anti-Semitism - Anti-Jewish Legislation Anti-Semitism - The Holocaust and Holocaust Denial Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitic conspiracy theories
Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and the Muslim world Anti-Semitism - Anti-semitism and specific countries
Anti-Semitism - United States Anti-Semitism - Europe Anti-Semitism - Asia
Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism
Anti-Semitism - New anti-Semitism
Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the 21st century

Read more here: » Anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia - Anti-Semitism

1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The world population growth in absolute numbers is believed to have been the highest ever around this time. [1] 1989 - Events. January 8 - the Kegworth Air Disaster - A British Midland Boeing 737 crashes on approach to East Midlands Airport - 44 dead January 16–18 - Race riots in Overtown, Miami January 10 - Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola January 10 - Assistant Austra ...

Including:

1989 - Events
1989 - February 1989 - March 1989 - April 1989 - May 1989 - June 1989 - July 1989 - August 1989 - September 1989 - October 1989 - November 1989 - December 1989 - Unknown Dates
1989 - Births 1989 - Deaths
1989 - January 1989 - February 1989 - March 1989 - April 1989 - May 1989 - June 1989 - July 1989 - August 1989 - September 1989 - October 1989 - November 1989 - December
1989 - Nobel Prizes 1989 - Templeton Prize 1989 - Right Livelihood Award

Read more here: » 1989: Encyclopedia - 1989

Gautama Buddha was a spiritual teacher who was born in Lumbini, a place situated in modern Nepal. He spent most of his time in Northern India, approximately 563 BCE to 483 BCE, preaching his knowledge. Born as Siddhartha Gautama (Sanskrit: "descendant of Gautama whose aims are achieved / who achieves aims effectively") he became "the Buddha" after embarking on a quest for spiritual meaning. He is universally recognised by Buddhists as the Supreme Buddha (literally Enlightened One or Awakened One) of our age. He is also commonly known as Shakyamuni or Śakyamuni ("sage of the Shakya ...

Including:

• Gautama Buddha - Buddha's life
• Gautama Buddha - Marriage
• Gautama Buddha - The Great Departure
• Gautama Buddha - Enlightenment
• Gautama Buddha - The Great Passing
• Gautama Buddha - Personality and character
• Gautama Buddha - Physical characteristics
• Gautama Buddha - Teachings
• Gautama Buddha - The Buddha in other religions
• Gautama Buddha - Hinduism
• Gautama Buddha - Islam
• Gautama Buddha - Christianity

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The word Yoga comes from the root Yuj which means to join. Yoga is restraint of the activities of the mind, and is the union of the individual soul with the Supreme Soul.

Hiranyagarbha is the founder of the Yoga system. The Yoga founded by Patanjali Maharshi is a branch or supplement of the Sankhya. It has its own charm for students of a mystic temperament and of a contemplative type. It claims greater orthodoxy than the Sankhya proper by directly acknowledging the existence of a Supreme Being (Isvara).

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Read more here: » Yoga: Hindu Philosophy - The Yoga

Compiled by the Sage Patanjali Maharishi in the Yoga Sutras, the Eight Limbs are a progressive series of steps or disciplines which purify the body and mind, ultimately leading the yogi to enlightenment.

This article details the eight limbs of the Raja Yoga system, one of the four main paths of Yoga.

Read more here: » Raja Yoga: The Eight Limbs of Raja Yoga

Amr ibn al-'Ās (Arabic: عمرو بن العاص) (d. 663 CE) was an Arab military commander who is most noted for leading the Islamic conquest of Egypt in 640-41. Amr was married to Umm Khultum bint Ukba ibn Abi Mayyath - he had divorced her when she embraced Islam. She then re-married Umar ibn al-Khattab. His son was Abdullah ibn Amr and his mother was Layla bint Harmalah al-`Anaziyyah. Amr was a contemporary of the prophet Muhammad, who rose quickly through the Makkan hierarchy follow ...

Including:

Amr ibn al-A'as - Shia view

Read more here: » Amr ibn al-A'as: Encyclopedia - Amr ibn al-A'as