Muslim League

Education in Bangladesh is highly subsidized by the Government, which operates many schools and colleges in the primary, secondary and higher secondary level as well as many public universities. The whole country is divided into seven education boards (Barishal, Chittagong, Comilla, Dhaka, Jessore, Rajshahi and Sylhet Education Boards) which oversee education from the primary to the higher secondary level, and conduct the primary and junior scholarship examinations, the Secondary School Certificate examination, and the Higher Secondary Certi ...

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Bangladesh, Bangladesh - History, Bangladesh - Early history, Bangladesh - Arrival of Islam, Bangladesh - British Era, Bangladesh - 1947 Partition, Bangladesh - East Pakistan, Bangladesh - Independent Bangladesh, Bangladesh - Government and politics, Bangladesh - Structure of the Government, Bangladesh - Legal System, Bangladesh - Political parties, Bangladesh - Subdivisions, Bangladesh - Geography, Bangladesh - Economy, Bangladesh - Demographics, Bangladesh - Culture, Bangladesh - Sports, Bangladesh - Education, Bangladesh - Miscellaneous topics

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Cricket is perhaps the most popular sport in Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi Tigers joined the elite 10-nation league of national teams that play test matches in 2000. Other popular sports include football, field hockey, tennis, badminton, handball, kabadi, volleyball, chess, and carrom. Kabadi (কাবাডি), a 7-on-7 team sport played without a ball or any other equipment, is notable because it has been honored as the National Game of Bangladesh since 1972. In that year, the Bangladesh Sports Control Board was established, and as of 2005 ...

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Bangladesh, Bangladesh - History, Bangladesh - Early history, Bangladesh - Arrival of Islam, Bangladesh - British Era, Bangladesh - 1947 Partition, Bangladesh - East Pakistan, Bangladesh - Independent Bangladesh, Bangladesh - Government and politics, Bangladesh - Structure of the Government, Bangladesh - Legal System, Bangladesh - Political parties, Bangladesh - Subdivisions, Bangladesh - Geography, Bangladesh - Economy, Bangladesh - Demographics, Bangladesh - Culture, Bangladesh - Sports, Bangladesh - Education, Bangladesh - Miscellaneous topics

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Bangladesh has a population of 144 million (July 2005 est.) making it the seventh most populous country in the world after Pakistan and before Russia. Apart from a few small countries with fewer than one million inhabitants, Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world at about 1000 persons per km². In the mid-1980's, the government promoted birth control in order to slow a massive population growth rate. This program has helped to reduce the growth rate to about two percent. Bangladesh is ethnically homogeneous, wit ...

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Bangladesh, Bangladesh - History, Bangladesh - Early history, Bangladesh - Arrival of Islam, Bangladesh - British Era, Bangladesh - 1947 Partition, Bangladesh - East Pakistan, Bangladesh - Independent Bangladesh, Bangladesh - Government and politics, Bangladesh - Structure of the Government, Bangladesh - Legal System, Bangladesh - Political parties, Bangladesh - Subdivisions, Bangladesh - Geography, Bangladesh - Economy, Bangladesh - Demographics, Bangladesh - Culture, Bangladesh - Sports, Bangladesh - Education, Bangladesh - Miscellaneous topics

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At the time of independence, British India consisted of the following provinces: Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri Andaman and Nicobar Islands Assam Baluchistan Bengal Bihar Bombay Province - Bombay Central Provinces and Berar Coorg Delhi Province - Delhi Madras Province - Madras North-West Frontier Province Panth-Piploda Orissa Punjab Sindh See also:

British Raj, British Raj - History, British Raj - The Indian Mutiny or Great Uprising, British Raj - Post-rebellion developments, British Raj - Beginnings of self-government, British Raj - After World War I, British Raj - Further reform, British Raj - World War II and the End of the Raj, British Raj - Provinces

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Fort William had been established to protect British East India Company trade in the city of Calcutta, in the region of Bengal. In 1756, in preparation for expected skirmishes with French forces, the British began building up Fort William's military strength and defenses. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj Ud Daulah, was unhappy with British interference, having achieved his station despite opposition by the East India Co ...

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Black Hole of Calcutta, Black Hole of Calcutta - Background, Black Hole of Calcutta - The Holwell account, Black Hole of Calcutta - Alleged victims, Black Hole of Calcutta - Controversy

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The organisation developed by Gandhi's reorganisation of the Congress in the years of 1918 to 1920 has largely been retained till today. In every Indian state and union territory, there is a Pradesh Congress Committee, which is the state unit of the party, responsible for directing political campaigns at local and state levels and assisting the campaigns for Parliamentary constituencies. Each PCC has a Working Committee of 10-15 key members, and the state president is the leader of the state unit. The Congressmen elected as mem ...

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Indian National Congress, Indian National Congress - History, Indian National Congress - In India's Independence Movement, Indian National Congress - Post-Independence, Indian National Congress - Formation of present Government of India, Indian National Congress - Political accusations, Indian National Congress - Indian Prime Ministers from the Congress Party, Indian National Congress - Organisation, Indian National Congress - Presidents

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Bangladesh - Structure of the Government. Bangladesh is a Parliamentary democracy. The President is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial post. The real power, however, is held by the Prime Minister, who is head of government. The president is elected by the legislature every five years and has normally limited powers that are substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government, mainly in controlling the transition to a new government. The prime minister is ceremonially appointed ...

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Bangladesh, Bangladesh - History, Bangladesh - Early history, Bangladesh - Arrival of Islam, Bangladesh - British Era, Bangladesh - 1947 Partition, Bangladesh - East Pakistan, Bangladesh - Independent Bangladesh, Bangladesh - Government and politics, Bangladesh - Structure of the Government, Bangladesh - Legal System, Bangladesh - Political parties, Bangladesh - Subdivisions, Bangladesh - Geography, Bangladesh - Economy, Bangladesh - Demographics, Bangladesh - Culture, Bangladesh - Sports, Bangladesh - Education, Bangladesh - Miscellaneous topics

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Bangladesh is subdivided into six administrative divisions, all named after their respective divisional headquarters: Barisal বরিশাল Chittagong চট্টগ্রাম Dhaka ঢাকা Khulna খুলনা Rajshahi রাজশাহী Sylhet সিলেট The next level of administrative unit is a district or zila (জিলা) (in Bangla). There are 64 districts in Bangladesh. For more information, see Districts of Bangladesh. Each ...

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Bangladesh, Bangladesh - History, Bangladesh - Early history, Bangladesh - Arrival of Islam, Bangladesh - British Era, Bangladesh - 1947 Partition, Bangladesh - East Pakistan, Bangladesh - Independent Bangladesh, Bangladesh - Government and politics, Bangladesh - Structure of the Government, Bangladesh - Legal System, Bangladesh - Political parties, Bangladesh - Subdivisions, Bangladesh - Geography, Bangladesh - Economy, Bangladesh - Demographics, Bangladesh - Culture, Bangladesh - Sports, Bangladesh - Education, Bangladesh - Miscellaneous topics

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European traders came to Indian shores with the arrival of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498 at the port of Calicut, Kerala in search of the lucrative spice trade. After 1757's Battle of Plassey, during which the British army under Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, the British East India Company established itself. This is widely seen as the beginning of the British Raj in India. The Company gained administrative rights ove ...

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Indian Independence Movement, Indian Independence Movement - Indian Independence Movement, Indian Independence Movement - European rule, Indian Independence Movement - 1857: The First War of Independence, Indian Independence Movement - Causes, Indian Independence Movement - Mangal Pandey and the march to Delhi, Indian Independence Movement - The British response, Indian Independence Movement - Aftermath, Indian Independence Movement - Rise of organized movements, Indian Independence Movement - Partition of Bengal, Indian Independence Movement - World War I, Indian Independence Movement - The Rowlatt Act and its aftermath, Indian Independence Movement - The Gandhian generation, Indian Independence Movement - Dandi March and the civil disobedience movement, Indian Independence Movement - Revolutionary activities, Indian Independence Movement - Bhagat Singh, Indian Independence Movement - Revolutionary activities in Bengal, Indian Independence Movement - Elections and the Lahore resolution, Indian Independence Movement - The climax: war and Quit India, Indian Independence Movement - The Indian National Army, Indian Independence Movement - Quit India, Indian Independence Movement - Independence 1947 to 1950, Indian Independence Movement - Indian Leaders

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The term 'Indian Independence Movement' is fairly diffuse, since it involves several different movements with similar objectives. The mainstream movement was led by the Indian National Congress, which followed nonviolent agitation and civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru. Other leaders, such as Subhash Chandra Bose, adopted a military approach to the movement. The movement culminated in the independence of the subcontinent fr ...

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Indian Independence Movement, Indian Independence Movement - Indian Independence Movement, Indian Independence Movement - European rule, Indian Independence Movement - 1857: The First War of Independence, Indian Independence Movement - Causes, Indian Independence Movement - Mangal Pandey and the march to Delhi, Indian Independence Movement - The British response, Indian Independence Movement - Aftermath, Indian Independence Movement - Rise of organized movements, Indian Independence Movement - Partition of Bengal, Indian Independence Movement - World War I, Indian Independence Movement - The Rowlatt Act and its aftermath, Indian Independence Movement - The Gandhian generation, Indian Independence Movement - Dandi March and the civil disobedience movement, Indian Independence Movement - Revolutionary activities, Indian Independence Movement - Bhagat Singh, Indian Independence Movement - Revolutionary activities in Bengal, Indian Independence Movement - Elections and the Lahore resolution, Indian Independence Movement - The climax: war and Quit India, Indian Independence Movement - The Indian National Army, Indian Independence Movement - Quit India, Indian Independence Movement - Independence 1947 to 1950, Indian Independence Movement - Indian Leaders

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From 1910, when he was first elected as a representative of Muslims of Bombay under the Indian National Congress, to 1948, Jinnah's career as a legislator spanned over four decades. He was a parliamentarian par excellence, which is why he detested the politics of revolution and rabble rousing. As Dr Ambedkar pointed out in his book "Pakistan or Partition of India", he was one of the harshest critics of British rule in the assembly but not a rebel. As a legislator, he was instrumental in the passing of several bills that today constitu ...

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Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Early life and family history, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Law, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Fourteen Points of Mr Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Exile in England, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Return, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Partition and Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Governor General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah as a legislator, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Modern Views on Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Contested legacy, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Descendents, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A Secular Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A new understanding of Jinnah and Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Quotes, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Trivia

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Jinnah was the new nation's first Governor-General and president of its legislative assembly. He put forward a clear vision for a secular state, saying in his speech opening the Constituent Assembly: You may belong to any religion caste or creed- that has nothing to do with the business of the state. In due course of time, Hindus will cease to be Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individ ...

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Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Early life and family history, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Law, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Fourteen Points of Mr Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Exile in England, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Return, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Partition and Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Governor General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah as a legislator, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Modern Views on Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Contested legacy, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Descendents, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A Secular Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A new understanding of Jinnah and Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Quotes, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Trivia

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Mohammad Ali Jinnah has an iconic status in Pakistan, is revered as the Father of the Nation, and honoured on his nominal birthday on December 25th each year, on Pakistan's independence day on August 14th and on Pakistan Day, March 23rd. Many historians especially in Pakistan view him as a brilliant advocate, a liberal democrat and a progressive who remained in the Indian Nationalist camp for very long time (1906-1938). His disillusionment with Gandhi was the result of Gandhi's support of the Khilaf ...

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Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Early life and family history, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Law, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Fourteen Points of Mr Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Exile in England, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Return, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Partition and Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Governor General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah as a legislator, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Modern Views on Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Contested legacy, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Descendents, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A Secular Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A new understanding of Jinnah and Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Quotes, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Trivia

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On August 15, 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, several members of his family including minors, and his personl staff and political confidantes were killed in a military coup. Although first given the appearance of an act of revenge by a group of disgruntled junior army officers, facts emerging later present evidence of a long-planned conspiracy. Some cabinet ministers, bureaucrats wary of civilian power, and military leaders later claiming the full glory of the war of independence participated in what some say was a plan initiated and executed b ...

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Liberation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - One-party rule under BAKSAL, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Assassination, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Quote

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Sheikh Mujib proved to be a charismatic leader, but inept to face the challenges that the country was facing after the war. His government was plagued by corruption, intrigue, infighting, and an insurgency by the ultra-left activists as well as reactionary forces that opposed independence. The economy was devastated by a famine in 1974, and some exaggeraeted accounts of the famine contributed to further discredit his government. Also, Countries that opposed the emergence of Bangladesh (most notably the China, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan) took advant ...

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Liberation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - One-party rule under BAKSAL, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Assassination, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Quote

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See Also: Partition of India, Pakistan movement, V.P. Menon, Lord Louis Mountbatten The ideological fathers of the partition of India were Allama Muhammad Iqbal, the great Muslim poet, and Choudhary Rahmat Ali, an England-based activist. Iqbal, in his 1930 presidential address had first discussed the idea of a Muslim country in northwest India, and Rahmat Ali is famously attributed with the coining of the term Pakistan. After the 1937 provincial and central elections, the League won a good share of the Muslim seat ...

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Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Early life and family history, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Law, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Fourteen Points of Mr Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Exile in England, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Return, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Partition and Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Governor General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah as a legislator, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Modern Views on Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Contested legacy, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Descendents, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A Secular Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A new understanding of Jinnah and Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Quotes, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Trivia

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The First War Of Indian Independence, or The Indian Mutiny (also Sepoy Mutiny) as known to the British, was a period of uprising in northern and central India against British rule in 1857-1858. Although, the First War Of Indian Independence is considered to be the first united rebellion against colonial rule in India, a much smaller ethnic revolt against the Portuguese took place in Goa during 1787, and is known as the Conspirac ...

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Indian Independence Movement, Indian Independence Movement - Indian Independence Movement, Indian Independence Movement - European rule, Indian Independence Movement - 1857: The First War of Independence, Indian Independence Movement - Causes, Indian Independence Movement - Mangal Pandey and the march to Delhi, Indian Independence Movement - The British response, Indian Independence Movement - Aftermath, Indian Independence Movement - Rise of organized movements, Indian Independence Movement - Partition of Bengal, Indian Independence Movement - World War I, Indian Independence Movement - The Rowlatt Act and its aftermath, Indian Independence Movement - The Gandhian generation, Indian Independence Movement - Dandi March and the civil disobedience movement, Indian Independence Movement - Revolutionary activities, Indian Independence Movement - Bhagat Singh, Indian Independence Movement - Revolutionary activities in Bengal, Indian Independence Movement - Elections and the Lahore resolution, Indian Independence Movement - The climax: war and Quit India, Indian Independence Movement - The Indian National Army, Indian Independence Movement - Quit India, Indian Independence Movement - Independence 1947 to 1950, Indian Independence Movement - Indian Leaders

Read more here: » Indian Independence Movement: Encyclopedia II - Indian Independence Movement - 1857: The First War of Independence

Azad was one of the negotiating members during both the Cripps Mission (1942) and the Cabinet Mission (1946). But with the strengthening of the Pakistan movement and worsening Hindu-Muslim relations, Azad's influence waned. He recorded his frustration in his letters and autobiography to the effect that the partition of India could have been avoided had the Congress High Command respected his idea about the accommodation of the viewpoints of Jinnah and the Muslim League. The Congress High Command was catastrophically wrong, he asserted, when ...

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India and a close friend of Azad, paying a tribute in the Indian Parliament on 24 February 1958 said: "So we mourn today the passing of a great man, a man of luminous intelligence and a mighty intellect with an amazing capacity to pierce through a problem to it score." Azad is featured on an Indian postage stamp; there are many schools, colleges, roads and hospitals all over India named after him,the most famous of which is the Maulana Azad medical college situated in old del ...

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

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Even though Bose and Gandhi had differing ideologies, the latter called Bose the "Patriot of Patriots" (Bose had called Gandhi "Father of the Nation"). He has been given belated recognition in India, and especially in West Bengal; Kolkata's civil airport and a university have been named after him. Many of the symbols of Bose's provisional government, which were also associated with the Congress, have been adopted in independent India: Rabindranath Tagore's "Jana Gana Mana", which was the national song of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind is independent India's Nati ...

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Subhash Chandra Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose - Early life, Subhash Chandra Bose - Actions during the Second World War, Subhash Chandra Bose - The Great Escape, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose - Political views, Subhash Chandra Bose - Assassination Attempts, Subhash Chandra Bose - Re-evaluation of Netaji, Subhash Chandra Bose - Death, Subhash Chandra Bose - In media, Subhash Chandra Bose - Cinema, Subhash Chandra Bose - Documentary / Television, Subhash Chandra Bose - Reading List

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In 1941, when the British learned that Bose had sought the support of the Axis Powers, they ordered their agents to assassinate Bose. This remarkable claim comes from Irish historian Dr. Eunan O'Halpin, who is the author of several books on British intelligence and teaches at Trinity College, Dublin. British agents were instructed to intercept and kill Bose before he reached Germany via the Middle East, according to Professor O'Halpin. According to him, a recently declassified intelligence document refers to a top-secret instruction to the Special Ope ...

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Subhash Chandra Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose - Early life, Subhash Chandra Bose - Actions during the Second World War, Subhash Chandra Bose - The Great Escape, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose - Political views, Subhash Chandra Bose - Assassination Attempts, Subhash Chandra Bose - Re-evaluation of Netaji, Subhash Chandra Bose - Death, Subhash Chandra Bose - In media, Subhash Chandra Bose - Cinema, Subhash Chandra Bose - Documentary / Television, Subhash Chandra Bose - Reading List

Read more here: » Subhash Chandra Bose: Encyclopedia II - Subhash Chandra Bose - Assassination Attempts

Gandhi advised the Congress to reject the proposals of the British Cabinet Mission Plan offered in 1946, as he was deeply suspicious of power-sharing with the Muslim League and the divisions and minimization of central power involved. Gandhi warned against the grouping proposed for Muslim-majority states. However, this became one of the few times the Congress broke from Gandhi's advice (not his leadership though), as not only did Congress leaders want to create a government which would take over from the British as quickly as possible, bu ...

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Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914, Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations, Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945, Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda, Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact, Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose, Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India, Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947, Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence, Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination and Dying Words, Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles, Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India, Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence, Mahatma Gandhi - Satya, Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism, Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy, Mahatma Gandhi - Silence, Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living, Mahatma Gandhi - Religion, Mahatma Gandhi - Faith, Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism, Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition, Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma, Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions, Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India, Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi

Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947