When the Mongols invaded the lands of Kievan Rus', Moscow was an insignificant trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal'. Though Mongols burnt down Moscow in the winter 1238 and pillaged it in 1293, the outpost's remote, forested location offered some security from Mongol attack and occupation, and a number of rivers provided access to the Baltic and Black Seas and to the Caucasus region. More important to Moscow's development in what became the state of Muscovy, however, was its rule by a series of princes who were ambitious, ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - The time of Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia, Muscovy - See Also

Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy

Muscovy remained a fairly unknown society in western Europe until Baron Sigismund von Herberstein published his Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii (literally Notes on Muscovite Affairs) in 1549. This provided a comprehensive view of what had been a rarely visited and poorly reported state. In the 1630s, Muscovy was visited by Adam Olearius, whose lively and well-informed writings were soon translated into all major languages of Europe. Further exploration of the Russian lands was conducted by English and Dutch merchants. One of t ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - The time of Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia, Muscovy - See Also

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The rulers of the Kievan Rus entities had no standing army besides permanent group of personal guards, druzhina (дружи'на); members of the unit were called druzhinnik (дружи'нник). In case of emergency, a militia was raised from volunteers from the peasantry, and the druzhina served as the core of the troops. The local knyaz served as the military leader of the troops. Thus there were no need in permanent ranks or positions and they we ...

See also:

Russian military ranks, Russian military ranks - Muscovy, Russian military ranks - Russian Empire, Russian military ranks - 1731-1798, Russian military ranks - 1798-1884, Russian military ranks - 1884-1917, Russian military ranks - RSFSR and Soviet Union, Russian military ranks - 1917-1925, Russian military ranks - 1925-1935, Russian military ranks - 1935-1943, Russian military ranks - 1943-1991, Russian military ranks - Russian Federation, Russian military ranks - Notes, Russian military ranks - Links

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Main article: Muscovy History of Russia - The rise of Moscow. Daniil Aleksandrovich, the youngest son of Nevski, founded the principality of Muscovy based in the city of Moscow, which eventually expelled the Tartars from Russia. Well-situated in the central river system of Russia and surrounded by protective forests and marshes, Muscovy was at first only a vassal of Vladimir, but soon it absorbed its parent state. A major factor in the ascendancy of Muscovy was the cooperation of its rulers with the ...

See also:

History of Russia, History of Russia - Early history, History of Russia - Early East Slavs, History of Russia - Khazaria, History of Russia - Kievan Rus', History of Russia - Volga Bulgaria, History of Russia - Mongol Invasion, History of Russia - Golden Horde, History of Russia - Muscovy, History of Russia - The rise of Moscow, History of Russia - Ivan III the Great, History of Russia - Ivan IV the Terrible, History of Russia - Time of Troubles, History of Russia - The Romanovs, History of Russia - Peasant uprisings, History of Russia - Imperial Russia, History of Russia - Peter the Great, History of Russia - Ruling the Empire 1725–1825, History of Russia - Imperial Russia since the Decembrist Revolt 1825–1917, History of Russia - Russian Revolution, History of Russia - Russian Civil War, History of Russia - Soviet Union, History of Russia - Creation of the Soviet Union, History of Russia - War communism and the New Economic Policy, History of Russia - Changes in Russian society, History of Russia - Industrialization and collectivization, History of Russia - The Soviet Union on the international stage, History of Russia - The Khrushchev and Brezhnev years, History of Russia - Impending breakup of the Union, History of Russia - The emergence of the Russian republic in the Soviet Union, History of Russia - Russian Federation, History of Russia - Notes, History of Russia - Related histories

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Title: Tsar (1704 - 1721) List of Estonian rulers - House of Romanov. 1704-1721 : Peeter Suur ...

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List of Estonian rulers, List of Estonian rulers - Vaddjamå, List of Estonian rulers - Metsapoole, List of Estonian rulers - Sakala, List of Estonian rulers - Alempois, List of Estonian rulers - Harjumaa, List of Estonian rulers - Jogentagan, List of Estonian rulers - Järvamaa, List of Estonian rulers - Läänemaa, List of Estonian rulers - Mõhu, List of Estonian rulers - Nurmekund, List of Estonian rulers - Soopoolitse, List of Estonian rulers - Ugandi, List of Estonian rulers - Vaiga, List of Estonian rulers - Virumaa, List of Estonian rulers - Hiiumaa, List of Estonian rulers - Revala, List of Estonian rulers - Saaremaa, List of Estonian rulers - Kievan Rus', List of Estonian rulers - Kingdom of Denmark, List of Estonian rulers - Bishopric of Dorpat, List of Estonian rulers - Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, List of Estonian rulers - Livonian Order, List of Estonian rulers - Kindom of Poland, List of Estonian rulers - Dynastia Jagiellonów, List of Estonian rulers - Rzeczpospolita, List of Estonian rulers - Dynastia Jagiellonów, List of Estonian rulers - House of Vasa, List of Estonian rulers - Kingdom of Sweden, List of Estonian rulers - House of Vasa, List of Estonian rulers - House of Pfalz, List of Estonian rulers - House of Hesse, List of Estonian rulers - Kingdom of Livonia, List of Estonian rulers - House of Oldenburg, List of Estonian rulers - Muscovy, List of Estonian rulers - House of Romanov, List of Estonian rulers - Russia, List of Estonian rulers - House of Romanov, List of Estonian rulers - Russian Provisional Government 1917, List of Estonian rulers - Republic of Velise, List of Estonian rulers - German State, List of Estonian rulers - Hohenzollern, List of Estonian rulers - Estland, List of Estonian rulers - Soviet Republic of Naissaar, List of Estonian rulers - Republic of Estonia, List of Estonian rulers - Baltic Duchy, List of Estonian rulers - Commune of the Working People of Estonia, List of Estonian rulers - Estonian SSR, List of Estonian rulers - Soviet Union, List of Estonian rulers - Great-German State

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Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayins'ka mova, [ukraˈjinsʲka ˈmɔva]) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Ukrainian uses a Cyrillic alphabet. It shares some vocabulary with the languages of the neighboring Slavic nations, most notably with Belarusian, Polish, Russian and Slovakian. Ukrainian traces its origins to the Old East Slavic language of the ancient state of ...

Including:

Ukrainian language - History
Ukrainian language - Perspective Ukrainian language - Origin Ukrainian language - Ancient history Ukrainian language - Kievan Rus' and Halych-Volhynia Ukrainian language - Post-independence: Lithuania/Poland Muscovy/Russia and Austro-Hungary Ukrainian language - Soviet era Ukrainian language - Independence in the modern era
Ukrainian language - History of Ukrainian literature Ukrainian language - Current usage
Ukrainian language - Dialects of Ukrainian Ukrainian language - Ukrainophone population
Ukrainian language - Language structure
Ukrainian language - Comparative grammar Ukrainian language - Phonetics Ukrainian language - Alphabet

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The Hetmanate was a semiautonomous Cossack suzerainty in Left-bank Ukraine, owing fealty to the tsar of Muscovy. It was established as a result of the Treaty of Pereyaslav (Pereyaslavs'ka Rada) in 1654, and its boundaries set following the Treaty of Andrusovo (Andrusiv) of 1667, which gave Right-bank Ukraine to Poland and retained Left-bank Ukraine for Russia (at the time Muscovy). The Hetmanate's first hetman was Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Its capital was at Chyhyryn, and later at Baturyn and Hlukhiv. ...

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Yesaul, or Osaul (Turkic: yasaul="chief"; Russian: есау́л, /jesa'ul/), a post and a rank in the Cossack units. Originally it was introduced by Stefan Batory, King of Poland in 1576. Yesaul - Cossacks in Russia. There were different yesaul posts and ranks in Muscovy and Imperial Russia: Генеральный есаул (Generalny yesaul) - General Yesaul ...

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Yesaul - Cossacks in Russia

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1480 - Events. March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. Ludovico Sforza becomes Regent of Milan (reigns until 1499) Concorts and co-rulers Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile initiate the Spanish Inquisition (looking for heretics in converted Jews) Leonardo ...

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1480 - Events 1480 - Births 1480 - Deaths

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Uglich (Russian: У́глич, pronounced ooglitch) is a historic town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, on the Volga River. Population 37,100 (2001) A local tradition dates the town's origin back to 937. It was first documented in 1148 as Ugliche Pole (Corner Field). The town's name is thought to allude to the turn the Volga makes nearby. Uglich had been the seat of a small princedom from 1218 until 1328 when the local princes sold their rights to the great prince of Moscow. As a border town of Muscovy, it was burnt several times by Lith ...

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Kievan Rus' Druzhina (862-1400s) Muscovy Streltsy (1400s-1721) Imperial Russia Army (1721-1917) White Movement White Guard (1917-1921) Soviet Union Red Army (1918-1991) Russian Federation Army (1991-Present) The White movement, whose military arm is known as the White Army (Белая Армия) or White Guard (Белая Гвардия, белогвардей ...

Including:

White movement - Prominent persons of the White movement

Read more here: » White movement: Encyclopedia - White movement

1547 - Events. January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. January 28 - Edward VI succeeds his father Henry VIII as King of England. February 20 - Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey March 31 - Henry II succeeds his father Francis I as King of France April 24 - Battle of Mühlberg - Emperor Charles V defeats the forces of the Schmalkaldic League under the Elector John Frederick of Saxony. September 10 - Battle of ...

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1547 - Events 1547 - Births 1547 - Deaths

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1510 - Events. Conquest of Pskov by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy. Formation of the Holy League to defend the Italian States. Peter Henlein builds the first pocketwatch. 1510 - Births. March 30 - Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (died 1566) April 2 - Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shogun (died 1550) July 22 - Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (died 1537) October 6 - Rowland Taylor, Englis ...

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1510 - Events 1510 - Births 1510 - Deaths

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1350 - Events. 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire. The Black Death ravages Europe. (1347-1351) 1350 - Births. January 23 - Vincent Ferrer, Spanish missionary and saint (d. 1419) October 12 - Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Prince of Muscovy (d. 1389) Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian (die ...

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1350 - Events 1350 - Births 1350 - Deaths

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. See also: 16th century in literature 16th century - Events. 1501: Safavid dynasty rules Iran until 1736. 1503: Leonardo da Vinci begins painting the Mona Lisa and completes it three or four years later. 1509: The Battle of Diu marks the beginning of Portuguese dominance of the Spice trade. 1514: The Battle of Orsha halts Muscovy's expansion into ...

Including:

16th century - Events 16th century - Significant people 16th century - Inventions discoveries introductions 16th century - Decades and years

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Whatever the nature of the treaty, the consequences were more clear over time. Major consequences of the treaty included the separation of Ukraine from formerly dominant Catholic Poland, the re-strengthening of Orthodoxy in the historic center of Ukraine, and the eventual domination of Ukraine by neighboring Orthodox Russia. In the long run, the consequences for Ukraine were pivotal. Polish colonization and Polonization of the upper class soon became replaced by a systematic process of Russification, culminating in the Ems Ukaz, which ...

See also:

Treaty of Pereyaslav, Treaty of Pereyaslav - Historical consequences

Read more here: » Treaty of Pereyaslav: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Pereyaslav - Historical consequences

The Muscovy Company traces its roots to the Company of Merchant Adventurers (in full: 'Mystery and Company of Merchant Adventurers for the Discovery of Regions, Dominions, Islands, and Places unknown') founded in 1551 by Richard Chancellor, Sebastian Cabot and Sir Hugh Willoughby, who decided to look for the Northeast Passage to China. The first expedition of the Company of Merchant Adventurers was led by Willoughby, who seems to have been chosen for his leadership skills and unfortunately had no prior nautical or navigational ...

See also:

Muscovy Company, Muscovy Company - History

Read more here: » Muscovy Company: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy Company - History

Nizhny Novgorod - A seat of medieval princes. The city was founded by Grand Duke George II of Russia in 1221 at the confluence of two most important rivers of his principality, the Volga and the Oka. Its name literally means Newtown the Lower, to distinguish it from the older Novgorod. A major stronghold for border protection, Nizhny Novgorod fortress took advantage ...

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Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod - History, Nizhny Novgorod - A seat of medieval princes, Nizhny Novgorod - The strongest fortress of Muscovy, Nizhny Novgorod - Great trade centre, Nizhny Novgorod - City layout and landmarks, Nizhny Novgorod - Sister cities, Nizhny Novgorod - Other photos

Read more here: » Nizhny Novgorod: Encyclopedia II - Nizhny Novgorod - History

This section derives originally from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica In the Russian Empire the Cossacks constituted 11 separate Cossack voiskos, settled along the frontiers: the Don Cossacks, Kuban Cossacks, Terek Cossacks, Astrakhan Cossacks, Ural Cossacks, Orenburg Cossacks, Siberian Cossacks, Semiryechensk Cossacks, Baikal Cossacks, Amur Cossacks, and Ussuri Cossacks. Also, there was a small number of the Cossacks in Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk, who would form the Yenisey Cossack Host and Irkutsk Cossack regiment of the Minist ...

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History of the Cossacks, History of the Cossacks - Early Cossack history, History of the Cossacks - Cossacks in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, History of the Cossacks - Ukraine and Muscovy, History of the Cossacks - Cossacks in Imperial Russia, History of the Cossacks - The Russian Revolution and Cossacks, History of the Cossacks - Cossacks in World War II, History of the Cossacks - Cossacks in Russia today, History of the Cossacks - External articles

Read more here: » History of the Cossacks: Encyclopedia II - History of the Cossacks - Cossacks in Imperial Russia