Muscle is a contractile form of tissue. It is one of the four major tissue types, the other three being epithelium, connective tissue and nervous tissue. Muscle contraction is used to move parts of the body, as well as to move substances within the body. Muscle - Types. There are three general types of muscle: Cardiac muscle is a specialized kind of muscle found only within the heart. It cannot get tired and is "involuntary". Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored by tendons ...

Including:

• Muscle - Types
• Muscle - Anatomy
• Muscle - Physiology
• Muscle - Nervous control
• Muscle - Efferent leg
• Muscle - Afferent leg
• Muscle - Role in health and disease
• Muscle - Exercise
• Muscle - Disease
• Muscle - The strongest human muscle
• Muscle - Efficiency
• Muscle - Muscle evolution

Read more here: » Muscle: Encyclopedia - Muscle

See also:

Muscle, Muscle - Types, Muscle - Anatomy, Muscle - Physiology, Muscle - Nervous control, Muscle - Efferent leg, Muscle - Afferent leg, Muscle - Role in health and disease, Muscle - Exercise, Muscle - Disease, Muscle - The strongest human muscle, Muscle - Efficiency, Muscle - Muscle evolution

Read more here: » Muscle: Encyclopedia II - Muscle - Types

The three types of muscle have significant differences, but all use the movement of actin against myosin to produce contraction and relaxation. In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves, the motor nerves and motoneurons in particular. All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Muscles and muscular activity account for most of the body's energy consumption. Muscles store energy for their own use in the form of glycogen, which represents about 1% of their mass. This can be rapidly converted to g ...

See also:

Muscle, Muscle - Types, Muscle - Anatomy, Muscle - Physiology, Muscle - Nervous control, Muscle - Efferent leg, Muscle - Afferent leg, Muscle - Role in health and disease, Muscle - Exercise, Muscle - Disease, Muscle - The strongest human muscle, Muscle - Efficiency, Muscle - Muscle evolution

Read more here: » Muscle: Encyclopedia II - Muscle - Physiology

Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. This includes the activity of the accessory male sex organs and development of male secondary sex characteristics. Androgens, which were first discovered in 1936, are also called androgenic hormones or testoids. Androgens are also the original anabolic steroids. They are also the precursor of ...

Including:

• Androgen - Types of androgens
• Androgen - Androgen functions
• Androgen - Development of the male
• Androgen - Spermatogenesis
• Androgen - Inhibition of fat deposition
• Androgen - Muscle mass
• Androgen - Brain
• Androgen - Insensitivity to androgen in humans

Read more here: » Androgen: Encyclopedia - Androgen

Weight training is a form of exercise for developing the strength and size of skeletal muscles. It is a common type of resistance training, which is one form of strength training. Properly performed, weight training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being. In one common training method, the technique involves lifting progressively increasing amounts of weight, and uses a variety of exercises and types of equipment to target specific muscle groups. Weight training is primarily an anaerobic activity, although some proponents have a ...

Including:

• Weight training - History
• Weight training - Basic principles
• Weight training - Progressive overload
• Weight training - Recovery
• Weight training - Benefits
• Weight training - Common concerns
• Weight training - Is weight training the same as bodybuilding?
• Weight training - Is nutrition relevant for weight trainers?
• Weight training - Do women who train with weights look bulky?
• Weight training - Are light high-repetition exercises effective for toning muscles?
• Weight training - Is weight training safe for children?
• Weight training - Can weight training help me slim down?
• Weight training - Safety
• Weight training - Types of exercises
• Weight training - Isotonic Isometric and Plyometric exercises
• Weight training - Isolation exercises vs compound exercises
• Weight training - Free weights vs exercise machines
• Weight training - Aerobic exercise vs anaerobic exercise
• Weight training - Exercises for specific muscle groups
• Weight training - Advanced techniques
• Weight training - Bibliography
• Weight training - Footnotes

Read more here: » Weight training: Encyclopedia - Weight training

Fatigue is a state, following a period of mental or physical activity, characterized by a lessened capacity for work and reduced efficiency of accomplishment, usually accompanied by a feeling of weariness, sleepiness, or irritability. It may also follow when, from any cause, energy expenditure outstrips restorative processes and may be confined to a single organ. Fatigue can also be quite dangerous when performing certain duties that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. When someone is sufficiently fatigue ...

Including:

• Fatigue physical - Types
• Fatigue physical - Causes

Read more here: » Fatigue physical: Encyclopedia - Fatigue physical

Cerebral palsy or CP is a group of permanent disorders associated with developmental brain injuries that occur during fetal development, birth, or shortly after birth. It is characterized by a disruption of motor skills, with symptoms such as spasticity, paralysis, or seizures. Cerebral palsy is a form of static encephalopathy. The incidence is about 1.5 to 4 per 1000 live births. One form of it, spastic diplegia, is sometimes known as Little's disease in the United Kingdom. Properly speaking, the fact that CP doe ...

Including:

• Cerebral palsy - History
• Cerebral palsy - Cause
• Cerebral palsy - Incidence and prevalence
• Cerebral palsy - Types
• Cerebral palsy - Classified by group of muscles involved
• Cerebral palsy - Classified by presentation
• Cerebral palsy - Presentation signs and symptoms
• Cerebral palsy - Imaging Findings
• Cerebral palsy - Soft Tissue
• Cerebral palsy - Bones
• Cerebral palsy - Prognosis
• Cerebral palsy - Treatment
• Cerebral palsy - Usage of the term spastic

Read more here: » Cerebral palsy: Encyclopedia - Cerebral palsy

Massage is the practice of applying pressure or vibration to the soft tissues of the body, including muscles, connective tissue, tendons, ligaments, and joints. A form of therapy, massage can be applied to parts of the body or successively to the whole body, to heal injury, relieve psychological stress, manage pain, improve circulation and relieve tension. Where massage is used for its physical and psychological benefits, it may be termed "therape ...

Including:

• Massage - Massage Basics
• Massage - Communication
• Massage - Pressure
• Massage - Types of massage
• Massage - Breema
• Massage - Chair massage
• Massage - Chinese Tui Na massage 推拿
• Massage - Chinese Zhi Ya massage 指壓
• Massage - Deep muscle therapy
• Massage - Deep tissue massage
• Massage - Erotic massage
• Massage - Foot or sole massage
• Massage - Lomilomi — Traditional Hawaiian Massage
• Massage - MA-URI massage
• Massage - Myofascial release
• Massage - Myoskeletal alignment technique
• Massage - Neuromuscular therapy
• Massage - Scalp massage
• Massage - Shiatsu 指圧
• Massage - Stone massage
• Massage - Structural muscular balancing
• Massage - Swedish massage
• Massage - Tantramassage Tantric massage
• Massage - Thai traditional massage
• Massage - Trigger point therapy
• Massage - Massage therapist organizations
• Massage - The ABMP
• Massage - The AMTA
• Massage - The AMTWP
• Massage - The CMTA
• Massage - The CMTO
• Massage - The CSMTA
• Massage - The NCBTMB

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Cardiac muscle is a type of striated muscle found within the heart. Its function is to "pump" blood through the circulatory system by contracting. Unlike skeletal muscle, which contracts in response to nerve stimulation, and like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is myogenic, meaning that it stimulates its own contraction without a requisite electrical impulse. A single cardiac muscle cell, if left without input, will contract rhythmically at a steady rate; if two cardiac muscle cells are in contact, whichever one contracts first w ...

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Contraction can mean: Contraction (childbirth), a contraction during childbirth Contraction (grammar), a new word formed from two or more individual words Contraction (science), one that can occur to solid matter as it cools Contraction mapping, in mathematics, a type of function on a metric space Muscle contraction, one that occurs when a muscle fiber shortens Tensor co

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Atonic seizures (also called drop seizures, drop attacks, or akinetic seizures), are a minor type of seizure. They consist of a brief lapse in muscle tone that are caused by temporary alterations in brain function. The seizures are brief - usually less than fifteen seconds. They begin in childhood and may persist into adulthood. The seizure itself causes no damage, but the loss of muscle control can result in falling and injuring oneself in that way. Electroencephalography can be used to confirm diagnosis. It is minor and relatively common, and can be indicative o ...

Including:

• Atonic seizure - Reference

Read more here: » Atonic seizure: Encyclopedia - Atonic seizure

Creatine kinase (CK), also known as phosphocreatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme (EC 2.7.3.2) expressed by various tissue types. Its function is the catalysis of the conversion of creatine to phosphocreatine, consuming adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and generating adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Creatine kinase - Types. Every CK enzyme consists of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type). There are, therefore, three different isoenzyme ...

Including:

• Creatine kinase - Types
• Creatine kinase - Uses

Read more here: » Creatine kinase: Encyclopedia - Creatine kinase

Alpha blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents) constitute a variety of drugs which block alpha-adrenergic receptors in arteries and smooth muscles. These drugs may be used to treat symptoms of noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome, a type of prostatitis. As a side effect they may reduce blood pressure and result in lightheadedness. Alpha blockers include doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin. ...

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Memory is the ability of the brain to store, retain, and subsequently recall information. Although traditional studies of memory began in the realms of philosophy, the late nineteenth and early twentieth century put memory within the paradigms of cognitive psychology. In the recent decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a new branch of science that represents a marriage between cognitive psychology and ...

Including:

• Memory - Classification by duration
• Memory - Classification by information type
• Memory - Classification by temporal direction
• Memory - Physiology
• Memory - Disorders
• Memory - Memorization
• Memory - Artistic connections
• Memory - Relevant quotes

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Aerobic exercise is complementary to anaerobic exercise. Aerobic literally means 'with oxygen', and refers to the use of oxygen in the energy-generating process for muscles. Aerobic exercise describes any type of exercise, typically performed at moderate levels of intensity for extended periods of time that increases your heart rate. Oxygen, fats, and glucose are used to produce adenosine triphosphate, the basic fuel for all cells. There are various types of aerobic exercise. In general, aerobic exercise is one that is performe ...

Including:

• Aerobic exercise - Aerobic Capacity
• Aerobic exercise - Commercial Success

Read more here: » Aerobic exercise: Encyclopedia - Aerobic exercise

Brachioradialis is a muscle located in the forearm, that acts to flex the forearm. Attached to the distal radius and the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, its body can be made visible in certain types of flexion. If a person half-pronates their arm, to make a fist like they're holding a handled vessel of beer, then puts their fist under a table or desk and tries to flex at the elbow, the brachioradialis will stand out of the forearm, visible under the skin. It is on the anterolateral side of the forearm, however is part of the poster ...

Read more here: » Brachioradialis: Encyclopedia - Brachioradialis

Muscle spindles are found within the fleshy portions of muscles, embedded in so-called extrafusal muscle fibers. They are composed of 3-10 intrafusal muscle fibers, of which there are two types, nuclear bag fibers and nuclear chain fibers and the axons of sensory neurons. Axons of motoneurons also terminate in muscle spindles; they make synapses at either or both of the ends of the intrafusal muscle fibers and regulate spindle sensitivity. Muscle spindles are encapsulated by connective tissue, and are aligned parallel to extrafusal muscle fibers, unlike Golgi te ...

See also:

Muscle spindle, Muscle spindle - Anatomy, Muscle spindle - Sensitivity Modification, Muscle spindle - Stretch reflex, Muscle spindle - Development

Read more here: » Muscle spindle: Encyclopedia II - Muscle spindle - Anatomy

The strength of skeletal muscle is directly proportional to its cross-sectional area. The strength of a body, however, is determined by a number of biomechanical principles (the distance between muscle insertions and joints, muscle size, and so on). Muscles are normally arranged in opposition so that as one group of muscles contract, another group relaxes or expands. Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated by acetylcholine, which is released at neuromuscular junctions by motor neurons. Once the cells are "excited", their sarcoplasmic ret ...

See also:

Skeletal muscle, Skeletal muscle - How skeletal muscle works, Skeletal muscle - Red and white fibers, Skeletal muscle - Characteristics of muscle types, Skeletal muscle - Genes that define skeletal muscle phenotype

Read more here: » Skeletal muscle: Encyclopedia II - Skeletal muscle - How skeletal muscle works

Eyes are the structural organs that contain the retina, a specialized type of brain tissue that contains the photoreceptors and interneurons that convert light into electrochemical signals that travel along the fibers of the optic nerve to the brain. The visual system in the brain is too slow to process that information if the images are slipping across the retina at more than a few degrees per second (Westheimer and McKee, 1954). Thus, to be able to see while we are moving, the brain must compensate for the motion of the head by turning the ...

See also:

Eye movements, Eye movements - Types, Eye movements - Yoked movements vs. antagnoistic movements, Eye movements - Extraocular muscles

Read more here: » Eye movements: Encyclopedia II - Eye movements - Yoked movements vs. antagnoistic movements

When a muscle is stretched, primary sensory fibers (Group Ia afferent neurons) of the muscle spindle respond to both the velocity and the degree of stretch, and send this information to the spinal cord. Likewise, secondary sensory fibers (Group II afferent neurons) detect and send information about the degree of stretch (but not the velocity thereof) to the CNS. This information is transmitted monosynaptically to an alpha efferent motor fiber, which activates extrafusal fibers of the muscle to contract, thereby reducing stretch, and polysynaptically through an interneuron to another alpha motoneuron ...

See also:

Muscle spindle, Muscle spindle - Anatomy, Muscle spindle - Sensitivity Modification, Muscle spindle - Stretch reflex, Muscle spindle - Development

Read more here: » Muscle spindle: Encyclopedia II - Muscle spindle - Stretch reflex