A mummy is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by deliberate or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold or dryness, or airlessness. The best-known mummies are those that have been deliberately embalmed with the specific purpose of preservation, particularly those in ancient Egypt. Egyptians believed the body was home to a person's Ka which was essential in one's afterlife. In Egypt, the bodies were covered in natron to speed up the process of dehydration, and to prevent decomposition. In China, preserved corpses have been recovered from submerged ...

Including:

• Mummy - Etymology
• Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt
• Mummy - Egyptian mummification process
• Mummy - Egyptian burial rituals
• Mummy - Open problems
• Mummy - Mummies in other civilizations
• Mummy - Chinese mummy
• Mummy - Natural mummies
• Mummy - Mummies in recent times
• Mummy - Mummies in fiction
• Mummy - Famous mummies
• Mummy - From Egypt
• Mummy - Others

Read more here: » Mummy: Encyclopedia - Mummy

See also:

Mummy, Mummy - Types of mummies, Mummy - Intentionally prepared ritualistic mummies, Mummy - Naturally preserved mummies, Mummy - Etymology, Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt, Mummy - Historical context of Egyptian mummies, Mummy - Egyptian Mummies as Historical Art, Mummy - Egyptian mummification process, Mummy - Egyptian burial rituals, Mummy - Mummies in other civilizations, Mummy - Chinese mummy, Mummy - Ibaloi mummy Philippines, Mummy - Natural mummies, Mummy - Mummies in recent times, Mummy - Mummies in fiction, Mummy - Famous mummies, Mummy - From Egypt, Mummy - Others

Read more here: » Mummy: Encyclopedia II - Mummy - Types of mummies

Natural mummification is fairly rare, due to the requirement for certain specific conditions, but it has produced some of the oldest known mummies. The most famous ancient mummy is Ötzi the Iceman, frozen in a glacier in the Ötztaler Alps around 3300 BC and found 1991. An even older but less well preserved mummy was found in Spirit Cave, Nevada in 1940 and carbon-dated to around 7400 BC. Britain, Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark have all produced a number of bog bodies, mummies of people deposited in sphagnum bogs appar ...

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Mummy, Mummy - Types of mummies, Mummy - Intentionally prepared ritualistic mummies, Mummy - Naturally preserved mummies, Mummy - Etymology, Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt, Mummy - Historical context of Egyptian mummies, Mummy - Egyptian Mummies as Historical Art, Mummy - Egyptian mummification process, Mummy - Egyptian burial rituals, Mummy - Mummies in other civilizations, Mummy - Chinese mummy, Mummy - Ibaloi mummy Philippines, Mummy - Natural mummies, Mummy - Mummies in recent times, Mummy - Mummies in fiction, Mummy - Famous mummies, Mummy - From Egypt, Mummy - Others

Read more here: » Mummy: Encyclopedia II - Mummy - Natural mummies

In Egypt, the dead were originally not mummified with the extensive process that happened during the first dynasty. The dead were originally buried in reed caskets in the sand. The searing hot sand caused the remains to dry quickly, preventing decomposition. Later, they started constructing wooden tombs, and the extensive process of mummification was developed to assure that the bodies would not decompose in the afterlife. The mummified individual was placed at his/her final re ...

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Mummy, Mummy - Types of mummies, Mummy - Intentionally prepared ritualistic mummies, Mummy - Naturally preserved mummies, Mummy - Etymology, Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt, Mummy - Historical context of Egyptian mummies, Mummy - Egyptian Mummies as Historical Art, Mummy - Egyptian mummification process, Mummy - Egyptian burial rituals, Mummy - Mummies in other civilizations, Mummy - Chinese mummy, Mummy - Ibaloi mummy Philippines, Mummy - Natural mummies, Mummy - Mummies in recent times, Mummy - Mummies in fiction, Mummy - Famous mummies, Mummy - From Egypt, Mummy - Others

Read more here: » Mummy: Encyclopedia II - Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt

Mummies have been an object of intense interest in the West since archaeologists began finding them in large numbers. 19th-century aristocrats would often entertain themselves by buying mummies, having them unwrapped, and holding observation sessions. These sessions destroyed several mummies, because the exposure to the air caused them to disintegrate. In the 1830s Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, left instructions to be followed upon his death which led to the creation of a sort of modern-day mummy. He asked that his bo ...

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Mummy, Mummy - Etymology, Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt, Mummy - Egyptian mummification process, Mummy - Egyptian burial rituals, Mummy - Open problems, Mummy - Mummies in other civilizations, Mummy - Chinese mummy, Mummy - Natural mummies, Mummy - Mummies in recent times, Mummy - Mummies in fiction, Mummy - Famous mummies, Mummy - From Egypt, Mummy - Others

Read more here: » Mummy: Encyclopedia II - Mummy - Mummies in recent times

With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual, and contrasts with soul, personality and behavior. In some contexts, a superficial element of a body, such as hair may be regarded as not a part of it, even while attached. The same is true of excretable substances, such as stool, both while residing in the body and afterwards. Plants composed of more than one cell are ...

Including:

• Body - Injury
• Body - Books

Read more here: » Body: Encyclopedia - Body

Between 6000 BC and 1600 BC, the Chinchorro tradition thrived in the Atacama Desert on the Chilean coast. They were a simple stone age culture that subsisted on the biomass of the Pacific Ocean, enriched by the cold Humboldt Current. Shell midden and bone chemistry suggest that 90% of their diet was seafood. Many ancient cultures of fisherfolk existed, tucked in the arid river valleys of the Andes, but the Chinchorro made ...

Including:

• Chinchorro mummification - Chinchorro mummification
• Chinchorro mummification - Preparation of mummies

Read more here: » Chinchorro mummification: Encyclopedia - Chinchorro mummification

Dr. Robert "Bob" Brier (b. December 13, 1943) also affectionately known as Mr. Mummy is a famous American Egyptologist. Bob Brier - Background. Dr. Robert Brier, a world-renowned Egyptologist, paleopathologist and Senior Research Fellow at the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University, is considered by many to be the world's foremost expert on mummies and the mummification process. Born and raised in The Bronx, New York, Dr. Brier earned his bachelor's degree from Hunter College of the City U ...

Including:

• Bob Brier - Background
• Bob Brier - Research and Other Achievements
• Bob Brier - Current and Planned Endeavors
• Bob Brier - Published Works

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Ötzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi and known also as Frozen Fritz) is the modern nickname of a well-preserved natural mummy of a man from about 3300 BC, found in 1991 in a glacier of the Ötztal Alps, near the border between Austria and Italy. The nickname comes from the valley of discovery. He rivals the Egyptian "Ginger" as the oldest known human mummy, and has offered an unprecedented view on the habits of Chalcolithic (Copper Age) Europeans. Ötzi the Iceman - Discovery. Ötzi was found ...

Including:

• Ötzi the Iceman - Discovery
• Ötzi the Iceman - Scientific analysis
• Ötzi the Iceman - An ancient crime?
• Ötzi the Iceman - Curse

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Abraham "Bram" Stoker (November 8, 1847–April 20, 1912) was an Irish writer, best remembered as the author of the influential horror novel Dracula. Bram Stoker - His Life. He was born on November 8, 1847 at Clontarf in Ireland, a coastal suburb of Dublin. Until he was 8 years old, recurring illness ensured that he could neither stand up nor walk on his own. This illness and helplessness was a traumatic experience which is noticeable in his literary work. Everlasting sleep and the resurrection from ...

Including:

• Bram Stoker - His Life
• Bram Stoker - Dracula
• Bram Stoker - Works
• Bram Stoker - Novels
• Bram Stoker - Short Story Collections
• Bram Stoker - Uncollected Stories
• Bram Stoker - Biography
• Bram Stoker - Non-Fiction
• Bram Stoker - Online texts

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MUMMY

 Although imperfect souls must be liberated from their bodies for the good of evolution, so that they can be reincarnated and re-worked, the Egyptians did not want the souls of the Adepts to be reabsorbed. Therefore the bodies of the exceptional ones were preserved in order to act as anchors and talismans for their souls. Body and soul, it will be recalled, were not all there was to the spirit. Since matter and spirit are the opposite poles of the mystery, material evolution and spiritual manifestation occur in tandem, complementing one another. Every physical shell, as a manifested spiritual entity represents a lengthy history, a culmination of many immaterial lives acting as Spirit, Soul and Mind on the Archetypal, Formative and Creative planes. In this way, helpful analogies can be abstracted from the body's movements, gestures and positions. Similarly, in the Adepts, the speech, the ideas and hopes of the soul become guiding beacons and the lessons of life and death can

be read in them. (Adapted from R.G. Torrens' The Golden Dawn: The Inner Teachings).

(See also: MUMMY, Magick, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul, )

Mummy. The name for human bodies embalmed and preserved according to the ancient Egyptian method. The process of mummification is a rite of extreme antiquity in the land of the Pharaohs, and was considered as one of the most sacred ceremonies. It was, moreover, a process showing considerable learning in chemistry and surgery. Mummies 5,000 years old and more, reappear among us a preserved and fresh as when they first came from the hands of the Parashistes.

(See also: Mummy, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Mummy [from Persian mumiai pitch, asphalt]

The custom of preserving the dead by an elaborate process of embalming, with attendant rites, practiced by the Egyptians and other ancient peoples such as the Incas in Peru.

Theosophical literature attributes the origin of this practice to the Atlanteans, the intent being to prevent the life-atoms which compose the human physical body from transmigrating through the lower kingdoms. The attempt, however, was unsuccessful, because a life-atom itself is the ensouling essence of an atom, which is destroyed neither by earth, air, water, nor fire, and pursues its own pathways both during human life and after death.

(See also: Mummy, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

During the Edwardian Age, a wealthy shipping-magnate-turned-archeologist, Lawrence Stratford, discovers an unusual tomb. The "mummy" inside, in its left-behind notes, claims to be the famed pharaoh Ramses II, despite the tomb's dating only to the first century B.C. (the historical Ramses II died in 1224 B.C.). Before he can fully investigate this claim, Lawrence unexpectedly falls dead, and those around him fear he was the victim of a curse placed on the tomb. Nonetheless, the mummy and other belongings are shipped off to London, placed on temporary display in Lawrence's house ...

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The Mummy novel, The Mummy novel - Overview, The Mummy novel - Plotline, The Mummy novel - Motifs, The Mummy novel - Influences, The Mummy novel - Connection to the Vampire Chronicles?

Read more here: » The Mummy novel: Encyclopedia II - The Mummy novel - Overview

As the title suggests, the mummy Imhotep has returned with the help of his reincarnated lover (Patricia Velásquez) and the O'Connells (played by Fraser and Weisz), as well as their son Alex, have to stop him from acquiring the Bracelet of Anubis and taking on the Scorpion King (played by The Rock), whose defeat would allow him to control the massive armies of Anubis that were granted to the Scorpion King in life. Early on in the film, Alex is captured by the Mummy, but he begins to leave clues as to where the Mummy is going. A pilot who kno ...

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The Mummy Returns, The Mummy Returns - Plot, The Mummy Returns - Cast, The Mummy Returns - Public and media responses

Read more here: » The Mummy Returns: Encyclopedia II - The Mummy Returns - Plot

Henry was responsible for his uncle Lawrence's death, having poisoned his coffee while they were alone in the tomb. However, there was a witness to the murder - Ramses, the mummy. When Henry tries to poison Julie in the same manner as her father, Ramses comes back to life to scare Henry away. Ramses is who he claims to be. During his reign as pharaoh, he learned from a Hittite priestess the formula for an "elixir" that grants eternal life. The potion not only made him immortal, but also allows his body to regenerate from damage that w ...

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The Mummy novel, The Mummy novel - Overview, The Mummy novel - Plotline, The Mummy novel - Motifs, The Mummy novel - Influences, The Mummy novel - Connection to the Vampire Chronicles?

Read more here: » The Mummy novel: Encyclopedia II - The Mummy novel - Plotline

Like the vampires of Rice's Vampire Chronicles, those who take the elixir become immortal, inhumanely strong, and unable to die from normal means. These individuals could even be said to be "reverse vampires" since they derive their strength from the sun, and cannot live without it. Unlike vampires, they are able to eat, drink, and function as normal humans. However, this immortality comes with a strange price. Those who drink the potion are constantly driven to sate their senses. They constantly crave food and drink, although they ne ...

See also:

The Mummy novel, The Mummy novel - Overview, The Mummy novel - Plotline, The Mummy novel - Motifs, The Mummy novel - Influences, The Mummy novel - Connection to the Vampire Chronicles?

Read more here: » The Mummy novel: Encyclopedia II - The Mummy novel - Motifs

The first mummies were found at the beginning of the 20th century, through the expeditions of Europeans into Central Asia, in particular by the explorer Sir Aurel Stein. Since then many other mummies have been found and analysed, most of them being displayed in the museums of Xinjiang. Most of these Europoid mummies were found on the southern part of the Tarim Basin (Khotan, Niya, Cherchen) and in the eastern parts around th ...

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Tarim mummies, Tarim mummies - Archeological record, Tarim mummies - Historical records, Tarim mummies - Bai people, Tarim mummies - Yuezhi, Tarim mummies - Roman accounts, Tarim mummies - Tocharians, Tarim mummies - Cultural exchanges

Read more here: » Tarim mummies: Encyclopedia II - Tarim mummies - Archeological record

Tarim mummies - Bai people. From the 1st-millennium sources, ancient Chinese sources describe the existence of "white people with long hair" (The Bai people of the Shanhai Jing) on their northwestern borders. They had trade relations with them, and seemed to have purchased jade from them. There is possibility that these "Bai people" correspond to the Tarim mummies. Tarim mummies - Yuezhi. In the same geographical area, reference to the Yuezhi was made in name in 645 BC by the C ...

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Tarim mummies, Tarim mummies - Archeological record, Tarim mummies - Historical records, Tarim mummies - Bai people, Tarim mummies - Yuezhi, Tarim mummies - Roman accounts, Tarim mummies - Tocharians, Tarim mummies - Cultural exchanges

Read more here: » Tarim mummies: Encyclopedia II - Tarim mummies - Historical records

In this version, the mummy is a traitorous High Priest named Imhotep (Vosloo) who had an affair with pharaoh Seti's mistress, Anck-su-namun (named after the historical queen Ankhesenamun). Anck-su-namun kills the pharaoh when he discovers the affair and then kills herself. Imhotep, after stealing the book of the dead and trying to resurrect Anck-su-namun, is caught by the Pharaoh’s guards and punished by having the Hum Dai preformed on him, which ...

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The Mummy 1999 film, The Mummy 1999 film - Plot, The Mummy 1999 film - Cast, The Mummy 1999 film - Spinoffs

Read more here: » The Mummy 1999 film: Encyclopedia II - The Mummy 1999 film - Plot