A Wisdom Archive on Multistable perception

Certain images are interpreted by the Visual system in more than one way. These visual patterns are thus called ambiguous images that are famous for inducing the phenomenon of multistable perception. Some often used synonymous terms are reversal images, puzzle images and perceptual rivalry. See also. Multistable perception Visual Perception Optical illusion Binocular rivalry Monocular rivalry Cognitive neuroscience < ...

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We can categorize perception as internal or external. Internal perception (proprioception) tells us what's going on in our bodies. We can sense where our limbs are, whether we're sitting or standing; we can also sense whether we are hungry, or tired, and so forth. External or Sensory perception (exteroception), tells us about the world outside our bodies. Using our senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, we ...

Read more here: » Philosophy of perception: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of perception - Categories of perception

An optical illusion is a type of illusion characterized by visually perceived images that are deceptive or misleading [1]. Information gathered by the eye is interpreted by the brain to give the perception that something is present when it is not. There are physiological illusions, that occur naturally, and cognitive illusions, that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that show particular assumptions in the human perceptual system [2]. Optical illusion - Physiological illusions. Physiological i ... Including:

• Optical illusion - Physiological illusions
• Optical illusion - Cognitive illusions

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Consciousness is a quality of the mind generally regarded to comprise such key features as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and one's environment. It is a subject of much research in philosophy of mind, psychology, neurology, and cognitive science. Some philosophers divide consciousness into phenomenal consciousness, which is experience itself, and access consciousness, which is the processing of the things in experience (Block 2004). Others consider ... Including:

• Consciousness - Etymology
• Consciousness - Consciousness and language
• Consciousness - Cognitive neuroscience approaches
• Consciousness - Philosophical approaches
• Consciousness - Phenomenal and access consciousness
• Consciousness - The description and location of phenomenal consciousness
• Consciousness - Access consciousness
• Consciousness - Physical approaches
• Consciousness - Spiritual approaches
• Consciousness - Functions of consciousness
• Consciousness - Tests of consciousness
• Consciousness - Turing Test
• Consciousness - Mirror test
• Consciousness - Cognitive Neuroscience
• Consciousness - Philosophy
• Consciousness - Physical Theories of Consciousness
• Consciousness - People
• Consciousness - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Consciousness: Encyclopedia - Consciousness

Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision. Vision has a specific sensory system, the visual system. There is disagreement as to whether or not this constitutes one, two or even three distinct senses. Some people make a distinction between "black and white" vision and the perception of colour, and others point out that vision using rod cells uses different physical detectors on the retina from ... Including:

• Visual perception - The visual system
• Visual perception - Sources of information
• Visual perception - Individual and group differences in visual perception
• Visual perception - Theoretical perspectives in the study of visual perception
• Visual perception - Unconscious inference
• Visual perception - Gestalt
• Visual perception - Ecological psychology
• Visual perception - Types of visual perception
• Visual perception - Disorders/Dysfuntions

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Our perception of the external world begins with the senses, which lead us to generate empirical concepts representing the world around us, within a mental framework relating new concepts to preexisting ones. Because perception leads to an individual's impression of the world, its study may be important for those interested in better understanding communication, self, id, ego — even reality. While René Descartes concluded that the question "Do I exist?" can only be answered in the affirmative (cogito ergo sum), Freudian psyc ...

Read more here: » Philosophy of perception: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of perception - Introduction

• Binocular rivalry - Types of binocular rivalry
• Binocular rivalry - Why binocular rivalry is interesting
• Binocular rivalry - History of binocular rivalry
• Binocular rivalry - Early theories of binocular rivalry
• Binocular rivalry - Empirical studies of binocular rivalry: B. B. Breese 1899 1909

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Perception is sometimes referred to as a cognitive process in which information processing is used to transfer information from the world into the brain and mind where it is further processed and related to other information. Some philosophers and psychologists propose that this processing gives rise to particular mental states (cognitivism) whilst others envisage a direct path back into the external world in the form of action (radical behaviourism). Many eminent behaviourists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner have proposed tha ...

Read more here: » Philosophy of perception: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of perception - Cognitive Processing and Epiphenomenalism

The most common theory of perception is naïve realism in which people believe that what they perceive is things in themselves. Children develop this theory as a working hypothesis of how to deal with the world. Many people who have not studied biology carry this theory into adult life and regard their perception to be the world itself rather than a pattern that overlays the form of the world. Thomas Reid took this theory a step further, he realised that sensation was composed of a set of data transfers but declared that these were in some w ...

Read more here: » Philosophy of perception: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of perception - Philosophical ideas about perception

The science of perception is concerned with how events are observed and interpreted. An event may be the occurrence of an object at some distance from an observer. According to the scientific account this object will reflect light from the sun in all directions. Some of this reflected light from a particular, unique point on the object will fall all over the corneas of the eyes and the combined cornea/lens system of the eyes will divert the light to two points, one on each retina. The pattern of points of light on each retina forms an image. ...

Read more here: » Philosophy of perception: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of perception - The Scientific Account of Perception

Cognitive illusions are often better known. Instead of demonstrating a physiological base they interact with different levels of perceptual processing, in-built assumptions or 'knowledge' are misdirected. Cognitive illusions are commonly divided into ambiguous illusions, distorting illusions, paradox illusions, or fiction illusions. They often exploit the predictive hypotheses of early visual processin ...

Read more here: » Optical illusion: Encyclopedia II - Optical illusion - Cognitive illusions

Modern investigations into and discoveries about consciousness are based on psychological statistical studies and case studies of consciousness states and the deficits caused by lesions, stroke, injury, or surgery that disrupt the normal functioning of human senses and cognition. These discoveries suggest that the mind is a complex structure derived from various localized functions that are bound together with a unitary awareness. Several studies point to common mechanisms in different clinical conditions that lead to loss of consciou ...

Read more here: » Consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Consciousness - Cognitive neuroscience approaches