Mukti

Videha-mukti:

Videha-mukti: disembodied salvation; salvation  attained by the realised soul after shaking off the physical sheath  as opposed to Jivanmukti which is liberation even while living.

(See also: Videha-mukti, Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Svarupata-jasa-mukti - liberated from matter in terms of the revelation of one’s svarupa. This refers to svarupa-siddhi, the stage in which bhava manifests in the bhakta’s heart from the heart of one of the Lord’s eternal associates. At this stage one’s internal spiritual identity becomes manifest and the intelligence is freed from the influence of matter, yet one’s relationship with the material world remains intact due to the presence of the material body.

(See also: Svarupata-jasa-mukti, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Vastuta-jasa-mukti - liberated in terms of one’s constitutional make-up as a vastu, or conscious living entity; permanent release from the encasement of the gross and subtle bodies which cover the atma and facilitate the jiva’s interaction with the material energy; complete freedom from all contact with matter and the material world. This refers to vastu-siddhi.

(See also: Vastuta-jasa-mukti, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

The earliest move towards forming the liberation army came from the declaration of independence made by Major Ziaur Rahman of East Bengal Regiment on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In the declaration made from Kalurghat Betar Kendra (Chittagong) on March 27, 1971, Zia assumed the title of "provisional commander in chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army", though his area of operation remained confined to Chittagong and Noakhali areas. Major Ziaur Rahman's declaration on behalf of Sheikh ...

See also:

Mukti Bahini, Mukti Bahini - Origins, Mukti Bahini - Organization during war, Mukti Bahini - Components, Mukti Bahini - Regular and irregular forces, Mukti Bahini - Bangladesh Navy, Mukti Bahini - Bangladesh Air Force, Mukti Bahini - Mukti Bahini in the final phase

Read more here: » Mukti Bahini: Encyclopedia II - Mukti Bahini - Organization during war

In his book, How Pakistan got divided ,Maj. Gen. Rao Farman does express the fear that "orders countermanding the earlier orders were perhaps not issued and some people were arrested. I do not till this day know where they were kept. Perhaps they were confined in an area which was guarded by mujahids. The corps or the Dacca garrison commander lost control over them after surrender and they ran away out of fear of the Mukti Bahini who were mercilessly killing mujahids. The detained persons might have been killed by Muktis or even by the Indian army to give the Pakistan ...

See also:

Rao Farman Ali, Rao Farman Ali - Rao and Jamaat-e-Islami, Rao Farman Ali - Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report, Rao Farman Ali - Rao on Mukti Bahini and General Niazi, Rao Farman Ali - Rao's Controversial Letter and Diary, Rao Farman Ali - Doubts on Rao's Version of 1971

Read more here: » Rao Farman Ali: Encyclopedia II - Rao Farman Ali - Rao on Mukti Bahini and General Niazi

sarupya (-mukti)

Of the five types of liberation, the one in which one attains a form similar to the body of God

(See also: sarupya, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

sayujya (-mukti)

Of the five types of liberation, the one in which one merges into the existence of God and forgets one’s individual personality. Vaishnavas consider it most unfavorable to devotional service.

(See also: sayujya, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

He served in Dhaka cantonment for more than a decade and was involved in intelligence gathering, making strategic decisions and formulating policies. He was also involved in buying Bengali politicians to subvert nationalist movements. He was in charge of the civil administration, knew about Bangladesh more than his peers. In the book 'The Betrayal of East Pakistan', General Niazi described General Farman as an opportunist, a conspirator and a swindler. Niazi also said, implicating Farman's involvement in the killing of the inte ...

See also:

Rao Farman Ali, Rao Farman Ali - Rao and Jamaat-e-Islami, Rao Farman Ali - Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report, Rao Farman Ali - Rao on Mukti Bahini and General Niazi, Rao Farman Ali - Rao's Controversial Letter and Diary, Rao Farman Ali - Doubts on Rao's Version of 1971

Read more here: » Rao Farman Ali: Encyclopedia II - Rao Farman Ali - Doubts on Rao's Version of 1971

On 27 March 1971, Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, expressed full support of her government to the Bangladeshi struggle for freedom. The Bangladesh-India border was opened to allow the tortured and panic-stricken Bengalis safe shelter in India. The governments of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura established refugee camps along the border. Exiled Bangladeshi army officers and voluntary workers from India imm ...

See also:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Background, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's official engagement with Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - American involvement, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Effects, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important dates, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important battles, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Military award winners, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladesh, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladeshi Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Indian army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistani army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Note

Read more here: » Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War

The Indo-Pakistani conflict was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation War, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the majority East Pakistanis. The war ignited after the 1970 Pakistani election, in which the East Pakistani Awami League party won 167 of 169 seats in East Pakistan, thus securing a simple majority in the 313-seat lower house of the Pakistani parliament. Awami League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented Six Points and claimed the right to form the government. After the leader of the Pakistan People's ...

See also:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Background, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's official engagement with Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - American involvement, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Effects, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important dates, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important battles, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Military award winners, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladesh, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladeshi Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Indian army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistani army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Note

Read more here: » Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Background

By November, war seemed inevitable; a massive buildup of Indian forces on the border with East Pakistan had begun. The Indian military waited for winter, when the drier ground would make for easier operations and Himalayan passes would be closed by snow, preventing any Chinese intervention. On 23 November, Yahya Khan declared a state of emergency in all of Pakistan and told his people to prepare for war. On the evening of Sunday, 3 December, the Pakistani air force launched sorties on eight airfields in north-western India. This attac ...

See also:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Background, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's official engagement with Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - American involvement, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Effects, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important dates, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important battles, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Military award winners, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladesh, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladeshi Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Indian army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistani army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Note

Read more here: » Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's official engagement with Pakistan

The war led to the immediate surrender of Pakistani forces to the Indian Army. Bangladesh became an independent nation, and the third most populous Muslim country. Loss of East Pakistan embarrassed the Pakistani military and Yahya Khan resigned to be replaced by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was released from West Pakistani prison and returned to Dhaka on January 10, 1972. The exact cost of the violence on the people of East Pakistan is not known. R.J. Rummel cites estimates ranging from one to three million people killed. O ...

See also:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Background, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's official engagement with Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - American involvement, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Effects, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important dates, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important battles, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Military award winners, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladesh, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladeshi Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Indian army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistani army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Note

Read more here: » Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Effects

For bravery, a number of soldiers and officers on both sides were awarded the highest military award of respective countries. Following is a list of the recipients of the Indian award Param Vir Chakra, the Pakistani award Nishan-E-Haider and the Bangladeshi award Bir Sreshtho: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India. Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra: Lance Naik Albert Ekka Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon 2nd Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal Major Hoshiar Singh ...

See also:

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Background, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's involvement in Bangladesh Liberation War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India's official engagement with Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - American involvement, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Effects, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important dates, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Important battles, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Military award winners, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - India, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistan, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladesh, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Bangladeshi Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Indian army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Pakistani army, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Note

Read more here: » Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 - Military award winners

The Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, made a formal complaint with Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto at Dacca on Friday, the June 28, 1974 that Maj Gen Rao Farman Ali had written on Government stationery that "The green of East Pakistan will have to be painted red." Sheikh Mujibur Rahman promised to supply a copy of this document to the Government of Pakistan. The insinuation was that this writing amounted to a written declaration of the intentions of the Pakistani Army and the martial law administra ...

See also:

Rao Farman Ali, Rao Farman Ali - Rao and Jamaat-e-Islami, Rao Farman Ali - Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report, Rao Farman Ali - Rao on Mukti Bahini and General Niazi, Rao Farman Ali - Rao's Controversial Letter and Diary, Rao Farman Ali - Doubts on Rao's Version of 1971

Read more here: » Rao Farman Ali: Encyclopedia II - Rao Farman Ali - Rao's Controversial Letter and Diary

Moksa - see mukti.

(See also: Moksa, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

This timeless composition is a reminder that the author, Adi Shankaracharya, who is often regarded as a stalwart advocate of the Gnana Marga or the "Path of Knowledge" to attain Mukti, yielded to none in appreciating, indeed enjoining the Bhakti Marga or the "Path of Faith/Devotion" to the same goal. In this prayer, Adi Shankaracharya emphasizes the importance of devotion for God as a means to spiritual development and to liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The prayer leaves one in no doubt that the renunciation of ou ...

See also:

Bhaja Govindam, Bhaja Govindam - Significance, Bhaja Govindam - Legend

Read more here: » Bhaja Govindam: Encyclopedia II - Bhaja Govindam - Significance

Through the 17 points and the six points programs, the Awami League highlighted the economic exploitations of East Pakistan by West Pakistani ruling coterie (feudal gentry, military leaders, bureaucrats). The interest of West Pakistan, especially that of the province of Punjab was favoured in every economic decision at the expense of the East Pakistani interest. This became obvious after the great coastal cyclone of 1970, when the loss of lives and sufferings of thousands of Bengalis were met with complete indifference of the central governm ...

See also:

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Liberation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - One-party rule under BAKSAL, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Assassination, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Quote

Read more here: » Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Encyclopedia II - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Liberation of Bangladesh

Sheikh Mujib proved to be a charismatic leader, but inept to face the challenges that the country was facing after the war. His government was plagued by corruption, intrigue, infighting, and an insurgency by the ultra-left activists as well as reactionary forces that opposed independence. The economy was devastated by a famine in 1974, and some exaggeraeted accounts of the famine contributed to further discredit his government. Also, Countries that opposed the emergence of Bangladesh (most notably the China, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan) took advant ...

See also:

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Liberation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - One-party rule under BAKSAL, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Assassination, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Quote

Read more here: » Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Encyclopedia II - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - One-party rule under BAKSAL

On August 15, 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, several members of his family including minors, and his personl staff and political confidantes were killed in a military coup. Although first given the appearance of an act of revenge by a group of disgruntled junior army officers, facts emerging later present evidence of a long-planned conspiracy. Some cabinet ministers, bureaucrats wary of civilian power, and military leaders later claiming the full glory of the war of independence participated in what some say was a plan initiated and executed b ...

See also:

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Liberation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - One-party rule under BAKSAL, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Assassination, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Quote

Read more here: » Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Encyclopedia II - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman - Assassination

enlightenment: the direct experience that the individual Self (Atman) is one with the supreme Self (Brahman); also referred to as realization, Self-realization and liberation. The Sanskrit terms for enlightenment are moksha, mukti and nirvana.

(See also: enlightenment, Hinduism, Yoga, Body Mind and Soul)

Moksha:

Moksha ("release"): the condition of freedom from ignorance (avidya) and the binding effect of karma; also called mukti, kaivalya

(See also: Moksha, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

moksha: (Sanskrit) "Liberation."

Release from transmigration, samsara, the round of births and deaths, which occurs after karma has been resolved and nirvikalpa samadhi - realization of the Self, Parasiva - has been attained. Same as mukti.

See: jivanmukta, kaivalya, kundalini, nirvikalpa samadhi, Parasiva, raja yoga, videhamukti.

(See also: Moksha, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)