Mu'in ad-Din Unur

In 1140 Jamal ad-Din died, and Mu'in ad-Din continued to rule as regent for Jamal ad-Din's son Mujir ad-Din. That year, Mu'in ad-Din besiged Banias with help from King Fulk of Jerusalem and Prince Raymond of Antioch; Mu'in ad-Din offered 20 000 pieces of gold per month to pay for their expenses. When it was captured, Mu'in ad-Din handed it over to Fulk and returned to Damascus. A more thorough alliance, to protect Damascus against Zengi, was negotiated during a visit by Mu'in ad-Din to Jerusalem ...

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Mu'in ad-Din Unur, Mu'in ad-Din Unur - Origins, Mu'in ad-Din Unur - Governor of Damascus, Mu'in ad-Din Unur - The Second Crusade, Mu'in ad-Din Unur - Death, Mu'in ad-Din Unur - Sources

Read more here: » Mu'in ad-Din Unur: Encyclopedia II - Mu'in ad-Din Unur - Governor of Damascus

1149 - Events. Castle of Carimate destroyed. Nur ad-Din defeats the Principality of Antioch at the Battle of Inab. 1149 - Births. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Persian theologian and philosopher (died 1209) 1149 - Deaths. June 27 - Raymond of Antioch August 28 - Mu'in ad-Din Unur, regent of Damascus Category: 1149 ...

Including:

• 1149 - Events
• 1149 - Births
• 1149 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1149: Encyclopedia - 1149

By 1127 Fulk was preparing to return to Anjou when he received an embassy from King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Baldwin II had no male heirs but had already designated his daughter Melisende to succeed him. Baldwin II wanted to safeguard his daughter's inheritance by marrying her to a powerful lord. Fulk was a wealthy crusader and experienced military commander, and a widower. His experience in the field would prove in ...

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Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction

Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King

The crusaders decided to attack Damascus from the west, where orchards would provide them with a constant food supply. They arrived at Daraiya on July 23, with the army of Jerusalem in the vanguard, followed by Louis and then Conrad in the rearguard. The Muslims were prepared for the attack and constantly attacked the army advancing through the orchards outside Damascus on July 24. The orchards were defended by towers and walls and the crusaders were constantly pelted with arrows and lances along the narrow paths. Thanks to a charge by Conra ...

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Siege of Damascus, Siege of Damascus - Background, Siege of Damascus - Council of Acre, Siege of Damascus - Siege, Siege of Damascus - Aftermath, Siege of Damascus - Sources

Read more here: » Siege of Damascus: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Damascus - Siege

Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (640) Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661) Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus. Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680) Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683) Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684) Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)See also:

Rulers of Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Canaanite, Rulers of Damascus - Aram Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Period of non-independence, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Abbasid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Fatimid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Seljuk emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Burid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Zengid atabegs, Rulers of Damascus - Ayyubid sultans, Rulers of Damascus - Mameluk Bahrid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ottoman walis, Rulers of Damascus - Hashemite kingdom, Rulers of Damascus - Capital of Syria

Read more here: » Rulers of Damascus: Encyclopedia II - Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty

Baldwin was among the second generation of children born to the descendents of the original crusaders. He was 13 years old when his father Fulk died, and the kingdom legally passed to his mother as the daughter of Baldwin II. Melisende had ruled with Fulk as a consort, and Baldwin was crowned co-ruler and heir to his mother. However, Melisende also appointed Manasses of Hierges, constable of Jerusalem, as an advis ...

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Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources

Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession

Zengi became atabeg of Mosul in 1127, and of Aleppo in 1128, uniting the two cities under his personal rule, and was formally invested as their ruler by the Sultan Mahmud II of Great Seljuk. Zengi had supported the young sultan against his rival, the caliph Al-Mustarshid. In 1130 he allied with Taj al-Mulk Buri of Damascus against the crusaders, but this was only a ruse to extend his power: he had Buri's son taken prisoner and seized Hama from him. He also besieged Hims, the governor of which was accompanying him at the time, but coul ...

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Zengi, Zengi - Zengi against Damascus, Zengi - Conflict with the crusaders and Byzantines, Zengi - Death, Zengi - Legacy, Zengi - Sources

Read more here: » Zengi: Encyclopedia II - Zengi - Zengi against Damascus

After the First Crusade and the minor Crusade of 1101 there were three crusader states established in the east: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Edessa. A fourth, the County of Tripoli, was established in 1109. Edessa was the most northerly of these, and also the weakest and least populated; as such, it was subject to frequent attacks from the surrounding Muslim states ruled by the Ortoqids, Danishmends, and Seljuk Turks. Count Baldwin II and future count Joscelin of Courtenay were taken captive after ...

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Second Crusade, Second Crusade - Background, Second Crusade - Reaction in the west, Second Crusade - Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the crusade, Second Crusade - Preparations, Second Crusade - The crusade in Spain and Portugal, Second Crusade - German departure, Second Crusade - French departure, Second Crusade - Journey to Jerusalem, Second Crusade - Council of Acre, Second Crusade - Siege of Damascus, Second Crusade - Aftermath

Read more here: » Second Crusade: Encyclopedia II - Second Crusade - Background

It was Nur ad-Din's dream to unite the various Muslim forces between the Euphrates and the Nile to make a common front against the crusaders. In 1149 Saif ad-Din Ghazi died, and a younger brother, Qutb ad-Din, succeeded him. Qutb ad-Din recognized Nur ad-Din as overlord of Mosul, so that the major cities of Mosul and Aleppo were united under one man. Damascus was all that remained as an obstacle to the unification of Syria. After the failure of the Second Crusade, Mu'in ad-Din had renewed his treaty with the crusaders, and after his d ...

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Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources

Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom

During this time Nur ad-Din was busy in the north, fighting the Ortoqids, and in 1170 he had to settle a dispute between his nephews when his brother Qutb ad-Din died. After conquering Egypt, Nur ad-Din believed that he had accomplished his goal of uniting the Muslim states, but Saladin did not wish to be subject to his authority. He did not participate in the invasions led by Nur ad-Din against Jerusalem in 1171 and 1173, hoping that the crusader kingdom would act as a buffer state between Egypt and Syria. Nur ad-Din realized that he had created a dangerous opponent in Saladin, and the two rulers assembled the ...

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Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources

Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Death and succession

According to William of Tyre, although Nur ad-Din was “a mighty persecutor of the Christian name and faith,” he was also “a just prince, valiant and wise, and according to the traditions of his race, a religious man.” Nur ad-Din was especially religious after his illness and his pilgrimage. He considered the crusaders foreigners in Muslim territory, who had come to Outremer to plunder the land and profane its sacred places. Nevertheless, he was tolerant of the Christians who lived under his authority, aside from the Armenians of Edes ...

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Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources

Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - Legacy

All sides felt betrayed by the others. A new plan was made to attack Ascalon but this was abandoned due to the lack of trust that had resulted from the failed siege. Conrad returned to Constantinople to further his alliance with Manuel, while Louis remained behind until 1149. As a result of the Crusade, Damascus no longer trusted the Crusaders, and the city was formally handed over to Nur ad-Din in 1154. Baldwin III unwisely seized Ascalon in 1153 and brought Egypt into the sphere of conflict, thus preparing the way for the fall of Jerusalem ...

See also:

Siege of Damascus, Siege of Damascus - Background, Siege of Damascus - Council of Acre, Siege of Damascus - Siege, Siege of Damascus - Aftermath, Siege of Damascus - Sources

Read more here: » Siege of Damascus: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Damascus - Aftermath

He was the founder of the eponymous Zengid dynasty. In Mosul he was succeeded by his eldest son Saif ad-Din Ghazi I and in Aleppo he was succeeded by his second son Nur ad-Din. The Muslim chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi gives his full name and title as: The emir, the general, the great, the just, the aid of God, the triumphant, the unique, the pillar of religion, the cornerstone of Islam, ornament of Islam, protector of God's creatures, associate of the dynasty, auxiliary of doctrine, grandeur of the nation, honour of kings, supporte ...

See also:

Zengi, Zengi - Zengi against Damascus, Zengi - Conflict with the crusaders and Byzantines, Zengi - Death, Zengi - Legacy, Zengi - Sources

Read more here: » Zengi: Encyclopedia II - Zengi - Legacy

In 1137 Zengi besieged Hims again but Mu'in ad-Din successfully defended it; in response to Zengi's renewed attacked, Damascus allied with the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem against him. Zengi laid siege to the Crusader fortress of Barin and quickly crushed the army of Jerusalem. King Fulk of Jerusalem agreed to surrender and was allowed to flee with his surviving troops. Zengi, realizing that this new expedition against Damascus was bound to fail, made peace with Shahib ad-Din, just in time to be confronted at Aleppo by an army sent by the B ...

See also:

Zengi, Zengi - Zengi against Damascus, Zengi - Conflict with the crusaders and Byzantines, Zengi - Death, Zengi - Legacy, Zengi - Sources

Read more here: » Zengi: Encyclopedia II - Zengi - Conflict with the crusaders and Byzantines

See also: Jihad Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusader presence in Syria. After the assassination of his father, Nur ad-Din and his older brother Saif ad-Din Ghazi I divided the kingdom amongst themselves, with Nur ad-Din governing Aleppo and Saif ad-Din establishing himself in Mosul. The border between the two new kingdoms was formed by the Nahr al-Khabur river. Almost as soon as he began his rule, Nur ad-Din attacked the Principality o ...

See also:

Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources

Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders

See also: Jihad Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Turkish atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusader presence in Syria. After the assassination of his father, Nur ad-Din and his older brother Saif ad-Din Ghazi I divided the kingdom amongst themselves, with Nur ad-Din governing Aleppo and Saif ad-Din establishing himself in Mosul. The border between the two new kingdoms was formed by the Nahr al-Khabur river. Almost as soon as he began his rule, Nur ad-Din attacked the Princi ...

See also:

Nur ad-Din, Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders, Nur ad-Din - Unification of the Muslim kingdom, Nur ad-Din - The problem of Egypt, Nur ad-Din - Death and succession, Nur ad-Din - Legacy, Nur ad-Din - Sources

Read more here: » Nur ad-Din: Encyclopedia II - Nur ad-Din - The war against the crusaders

In 1143, while the king and queen were on holiday in Acre, Fulk was killed in a hunting accident. His horse stumbled, fell, and Fulk's skull was crushed by the saddle. He was carried back to Acre, where he died and was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Though their marriage started in conflict, Melisende mourned for him privately as well as publicly. Fulk was survived by his son Geoffrey of Anjou by his first wife, ...

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Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk of Jerusalem - Count of Anjou, Fulk of Jerusalem - Crusader and King, Fulk of Jerusalem - Securing the borders, Fulk of Jerusalem - Death, Fulk of Jerusalem - Family, Fulk of Jerusalem - Sources, Fulk of Jerusalem - Historical Fiction

Read more here: » Fulk of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Fulk of Jerusalem - Death

The French crusaders departed from Metz in June, led by Louis, Thierry of Alsace, Renaut I of Bar, Amadeus III of Savoy, William VII of Auvergne, William III of Montferrat, and others, along with armies from Lorraine, Brittany, Burgundy, and Aquitaine. A force from Provence, led by Alphonse of Toulouse, chose to wait until August, and to cross by sea. At Worms, Louis joined with crusaders from Normandy and England. They followed Conrad’s route fairly peacefully, although Louis came into conflict with Geza of Hungary when Geza discovered Louis had allow ...

See also:

Second Crusade, Second Crusade - Background, Second Crusade - Reaction in the west, Second Crusade - Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the crusade, Second Crusade - Preparations, Second Crusade - The crusade in Spain and Portugal, Second Crusade - German departure, Second Crusade - French departure, Second Crusade - Journey to Jerusalem, Second Crusade - Council of Acre, Second Crusade - Siege of Damascus, Second Crusade - Aftermath

Read more here: » Second Crusade: Encyclopedia II - Second Crusade - French departure

In 1148 the crusade finally arrived in Jerusalem, led by Louis VII of France, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Conrad III of Germany. Baldwin held a council at Acre in 1148, but in-fighting and poor planning plagued the crusaders, and Conrad badly advised Baldwin to attack Damascus, despite the peace treaty. Baldwin, perhaps eager to impress the great magnates of Europe who had arrived in his kingdom, agreed to the plan, but the ensuing siege of Damascus was a fiasco and ended in defeat after only four days. Damascus soon fell under Nur ad ...

See also:

Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources

Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade

The German crusaders, consisting of Franconians, Bavarians, and Swabians, left by land, also in May 1147. Ottokar III of Styria joined Conrad at Vienna, and Conrad's enemy Geza II of Hungary was finally convinced to let them pass through unharmed. When the army arrived in Byzantine territory, Manuel feared they were going to attack him, and Byzantine troops were posted to ensure that there was no trouble. There was a brief skirmish with some of the more unruly Germans near Philippopolis and in Adrianople, where the Byzantine general Prosouch ...

See also:

Second Crusade, Second Crusade - Background, Second Crusade - Reaction in the west, Second Crusade - Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the crusade, Second Crusade - Preparations, Second Crusade - The crusade in Spain and Portugal, Second Crusade - German departure, Second Crusade - French departure, Second Crusade - Journey to Jerusalem, Second Crusade - Council of Acre, Second Crusade - Siege of Damascus, Second Crusade - Aftermath

Read more here: » Second Crusade: Encyclopedia II - Second Crusade - German departure