Muawiyah I

Muawiyah(معاوية) was born (c. 602) into a powerful clan, (Banu Abd Shams), of the tribe of the Quraysh. The Quraysh controlled the city of Mecca, in what is now northwestern Saudi Arabia, and the Banu Abd Shams were among the most influential of its citizens. Mu'awiyah's father was Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb and mother was Hind bint Utbah. Many of the Abd Shams opposed and persecuted the Islamic prophet Muhammad when he was preaching his new faith in Mecca, and joined in the armed battles that followed the flight of Muhammad and his f ...

See also:

Muawiyah I, Muawiyah I - Early Life, Muawiyah I - Governor of Syria, Muawiyah I - Conflict with Ali, Muawiyah I - Rule, Muawiyah I - Legacy, Muawiyah I - The Sunni view of Mu'awiya, Muawiyah I - The Shi'a view of Mu'awiya, Muawiyah I - Etymology of the name

Read more here: » Muawiyah I: Encyclopedia II - Muawiyah I - Early Life

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Political Islam • Jihad Liberal Islam Vocabu ...

Including:

• Yazid I - Accession to the caliphate
• Yazid I - Battle of Karbala
• Yazid I - Revolt in Arabia and death of Yazid
• Yazid I - Assessments of Yazid
• Yazid I - Shi'a view of Yazid
• Yazid I - Sunni view of Yazid

Read more here: » Yazid I: Encyclopedia - Yazid I

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Caliph - Origins of the caliphate
• Caliph - Succession to Muhammad
• Caliph - The authority of the caliph
• Caliph - The history of the caliphate
• Caliph - How the Caliphate came to an end
• Caliph - Reasons for the fall and continuing dormancy of the Caliphate
• Caliph - Famous caliphs
• Caliph - Dynasties
• Caliph - Claims to the caliphate
• Caliph - Lists of Caliphal dynasties and seats
• Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided
• Caliph - The Umayyads of Damascus
• Caliph - The Abbasids of Baghdad
• Caliph - The Abbasid branch of Cairo
• Caliph - The Ottoman Padishahs
• Caliph - The secular Republic of Turkey
• Caliph - The Sharifan house in now Saudi Arabia
• Caliph - Sources and references

Read more here: » Caliph: Encyclopedia - Caliph

There were several notable persons named Yazid: Yazid I (born c. 645, died 683), second Umayyad Caliph upon succeeding his father Muawiyah. Yazid (died 640) - brother of the early Islamic leader Muawiyah I. Yazid Ibn Al-Muhallab Other related archives640, 645, 683, Caliph, Muawiyah, Muawiyah I, Umayyad, Yazid I, Yazid Ibn Al-Muhallab

Read more here: » Yazid: Encyclopedia - Yazid

The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic بنو أمية banū umayya / الأمويون al-umawiyyūn); Persian امویان (Omaviyân), Turkish, Emevi, ) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from CE 661 to CE 750. Ironically, the clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies. Umayyad - Umayyad rulers. Muawiyah had been ...

Including:

• Umayyad - Umayyad rulers
• Umayyad - Umayyad Caliphs at Damascus
• Umayyad - Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba
• Umayyad - Umayyad Caliphs at Cordoba
• Umayyad - Umayyad sahaba
• Umayyad - Umayyad taba'een

Read more here: » Umayyad: Encyclopedia - Umayyad

Events Caliph Ali Ben Abu Talib is assassinated. He is succeeded by Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan, first Umayyad caliph Emperor Tenji ascends to the throne of Japan Perctarit and Godepert become co-rulers of the Lombards, following the death of their father Aripert King Munmu becomes the 30th ruler of the Silla dynasty Births Empress Gemmei, empress of Japan Deaths Ali, nephew of Muhammad and caliph Empress Kōgyoku (also Empress Saimei), empress of Japan Aripert, king of the Lombards

The Colossus of Rhodes was a giant statue of the god Helios, erected on the Greek island of Rhodes by Chares of Lindos in the 3rd century BC. It was roughly the same size as the Statue of Liberty in New York, although it stood on a lower platform. It was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Colossus of Rhodes - The decision to erect the statue. Alexander the Great died at an early age in 323 BC without having had time to put into place any plans for his succession. Infighting broke out between his ...

Including:

• Colossus of Rhodes - The decision to erect the statue
• Colossus of Rhodes - Construction and fate
• Colossus of Rhodes - The myth
• Colossus of Rhodes - The Colossus in modern times
• Colossus of Rhodes - Reference

Read more here: » Colossus of Rhodes: Encyclopedia - Colossus of Rhodes

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Uthman - Biography
• Uthman - Sunni view of Uthman
• Uthman - Shi'a view of Uthman
• Uthman - Non-Muslims

Read more here: » Uthman: Encyclopedia - Uthman

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was the leader of the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraish tribe and third cousin of Muhammad, and was the chieftain of the entire Quraish tribe, making him one of, if not the most powerful men in Mecca during the lifetime of Muhammad. He had a daughter, Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan, she married Muhammad. He was married to Hind bint Utbah. Abu Sufiyan's grand-father was Umayya for whom the Umayyad dynasty is named, and his great-grand father was Abd Shams. His great-grandfather's brother was Hashim the great-grandfather of Muhammad. One of Abu Sufiyan's sons was ...

Read more here: » Abu Sufyan ibn Harb: Encyclopedia - Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

680 - Births. Boniface, missionary to Germany Empress Gensho of Japan 680 - Deaths. January 30 - Balthild, queen of Neustria and Burgundy May 6 - Muawiyah I, caliph October 10 - Husayn bin Ali, grandson of Muhammad (see Battle of Karbala Wamba, king of the Visigoths 680 - Heads of states. Japan - Emperor Temmu. emperor of Japan (672-686) Categor ...

Including:

• 680 - Events
• 680 - Births
• 680 - Deaths
• 680 - Heads of states

Read more here: » 680: Encyclopedia - 680

Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Since the killers of Uthman had allied themselves with Ali, Muawiyah refused to accept his caliphate, and in 657 led an army against him. The two sides agreed to a conciliation procedure, resulting in an arbitration that many of Ali's partisans saw as unfair. The Muslim empire was partitioned. When Ali was assassinated in 661, his son Hasan pledged allegiance ...

See also:

Umayyad, Umayyad - Umayyad rulers, Umayyad - Umayyad Caliphs at Damascus, Umayyad - Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba, Umayyad - Umayyad Caliphs at Cordoba, Umayyad - Umayyad sahaba, Umayyad - Umayyad taba'een

Read more here: » Umayyad: Encyclopedia II - Umayyad - Umayyad rulers

Yazid was first opposed by the grandson of Muhammad, Husayn bin Ali, the son of the assassinated former caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the brother of Hasan ibn Ali, who had challenged Yazid's father for the caliphate. Husayn, as the descendant of Muhammad, had a very good claim to the caliphate in the eyes of many Muslims. Many Muslims of Kufa, in Iraq, which had been the stronghold of his father Ali, assured Husayn that they would support him if he bid for the caliphate. Based on this information, Husayn decided to march against Yazid. H ...

See also:

Yazid I, Yazid I - Accession to the caliphate, Yazid I - Battle of Karbala, Yazid I - Revolt in Arabia and death of Yazid, Yazid I - Assessments of Yazid, Yazid I - Shi'a view of Yazid, Yazid I - Sunni view of Yazid

Read more here: » Yazid I: Encyclopedia II - Yazid I - Battle of Karbala

Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayyad (Banu Umayya) clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca, a few years after Muhammad. He was an early convert to Islam, and is said to have spent a great deal of his wealth on charity. His new faith angered his clan, which strongly opposed Muhammad. During the life of Muhammad, he was also part of the first Muslim emigration to the city of Axum in Ethiopia, and the later emigration from Mecca to Medina. He freque ...

See also:

Uthman, Uthman - Biography, Uthman - Sunni view of Uthman, Uthman - Shi'a view of Uthman, Uthman - Non-Muslims

Read more here: » Uthman: Encyclopedia II - Uthman - Biography

During the reign of Muawiyah I he was not active in politics, but upon the ascension of Yazid I, he refused to swear allegiance to the new caliph. After the death of Husayn bin Ali at the Battle of Karbela, Zubayr returned to the Hejaz where he declared himself the righteous caliph, and he began building support. Eventually he would consolidate his power by sending a governor to Kufa. Soon, Ibn Zubayr established his power in Iraq, southern Arabia and in the greater part of Syria, and parts of Egypt. Zubayr benefitted greatly from widespread ...

See also:

Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr - Ibn al-Zubair's revolt, Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr - External link

Read more here: » Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr: Encyclopedia II - Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr - Ibn al-Zubair's revolt

Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd caliph and his kinsman, Uthman ibn Affan. After the assassination of Uthman, he was replaced by the new caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Since the killers of Uthman had allied themselves with Ali, Muawiyah refused to accept his caliphate, and in 657 led an army against him. The two sides agreed to a conciliation procedure, resulting in an arbitration that many of Ali's partisans saw as unfair. The Muslim empire was partitioned. When Ali was assassinated in 661, his son Hasan signed a peace trea ...

See also:

Umayyad, Umayyad - Umayyad rulers, Umayyad - Umayyad Caliphs at Damascus, Umayyad - Umayyad Emirs of Cordoba, Umayyad - Umayyad Caliphs at Cordoba, Umayyad - Umayyad sahaba, Umayyad - Umayyad taba'een

Read more here: » Umayyad: Encyclopedia II - Umayyad - Umayyad rulers

Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (640) Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661) Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus. Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680) Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683) Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684) Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)See also:

Rulers of Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Canaanite, Rulers of Damascus - Aram Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Period of non-independence, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Abbasid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Fatimid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Seljuk emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Burid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Zengid atabegs, Rulers of Damascus - Ayyubid sultans, Rulers of Damascus - Mameluk Bahrid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ottoman walis, Rulers of Damascus - Hashemite kingdom, Rulers of Damascus - Capital of Syria

Read more here: » Rulers of Damascus: Encyclopedia II - Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty

Most academic scholars agree that Muhammad had not explicitly established how the Muslim community was to be governed after his death. Two questions faced these early Muslims: who was to succeed Muhammad, and what sort of authority he was to exercise. Caliph - Succession to Muhammad. Fred Donner, in his book The Early Islamic Conquests (1981), argues that the standard Arabian practice at the time was for the prominent men of a kinship group, or tribe, to gather after a leader's death and choose a le ...

See also:

Caliph, Caliph - Origins of the caliphate, Caliph - Succession to Muhammad, Caliph - The authority of the caliph, Caliph - The history of the caliphate, Caliph - How the Caliphate came to an end, Caliph - Revival of the caliphate, Caliph - Famous caliphs, Caliph - Dynasties, Caliph - Claims to the caliphate, Caliph - Lists of Caliphal dynasties and seats, Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided, Caliph - The Umayyads of Damascus, Caliph - The Abbasids of Baghdad, Caliph - The Abbasid branch of Cairo, Caliph - The Ottoman Padishahs, Caliph - The secular Republic of Turkey, Caliph - The Sharifan house in now Saudi Arabia

Read more here: » Caliph: Encyclopedia II - Caliph - Origins of the caliphate

Most academic scholars agree that Muhammad had not explicitly established how the Muslim community was to be governed after his death. Two questions faced these early Muslims: who was to succeed Muhammad, and what sort of authority he was to exercise. Caliph - Succession to Muhammad. Fred Donner, in his book The Early Islamic Conquests (1981), argues that the standard Arabian practice at the time was for the prominent men of a kinship group, or tribe, to gather after a leader's death and choose a le ...

See also:

Caliph, Caliph - Origins of the caliphate, Caliph - Succession to Muhammad, Caliph - The authority of the caliph, Caliph - The history of the caliphate, Caliph - How the Caliphate came to an end, Caliph - Reasons for the fall and continuing dormancy of the Caliphate, Caliph - Famous caliphs, Caliph - Dynasties, Caliph - Claims to the caliphate, Caliph - Lists of Caliphal dynasties and seats, Caliph - The Rashidun Righteously Guided, Caliph - The Umayyads of Damascus, Caliph - The Abbasids of Baghdad, Caliph - The Abbasid branch of Cairo, Caliph - The Ottoman Padishahs, Caliph - The secular Republic of Turkey, Caliph - The Sharifan house in now Saudi Arabia, Caliph - Sources and references

Read more here: » Caliph: Encyclopedia II - Caliph - Origins of the caliphate

The island of Rhodes is shaped like a spearhead, 79.7 km long and 38 km wide with a total area of approximately 1,398 km² and a coastline of approximately 220 km. The city of Rhodes is located at the far northern end of the island, including the site of the ancient and modern commercial harbor. The main air gateway (Diagoras International Airport, IATA code: RHO) is located 14 km to the southwest of the city in Paradisi. The road network radiates from the ...

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Rhodes, Rhodes - Geography, Rhodes - History

Read more here: » Rhodes: Encyclopedia II - Rhodes - Geography

Aisha was returning to Medina from Mecca after Hajj, but turned back when she heard the news of Uthman's assassination and the accession of Ali to the Caliphate. Aisha's two brothers-in-law, Talha and Zubair, also arrived in Mecca. Uthman's governor in Makkah was Abdullah bin Aamir Hadhrami. Marwan ibn al-Hakam and other members of the Banu Umayya were staying as his guests. All of them held a meeting. Aisha got the Talha and Zubair's support despite them having already given their oath of alliance to Ali. Both had been nominated for ...

See also:

Battle of Bassorah, Battle of Bassorah - Prelude, Battle of Bassorah - Massing support, Battle of Bassorah - Ali receives news, Battle of Bassorah - Dogs of Haw'ab, Battle of Bassorah - Basra, Battle of Bassorah - Envoy to Medina, Battle of Bassorah - Counquer of Basra, Battle of Bassorah - Hasan and Kufa, Battle of Bassorah - Negotiations, Battle of Bassorah - The recruited besiegers of Uthman in Ali's army, Battle of Bassorah - Further negotiations, Battle of Bassorah - Surprise attack, Battle of Bassorah - End of the battle, Battle of Bassorah - Losses in the battle, Battle of Bassorah - The booty, Battle of Bassorah - Aisha retires to Medina, Battle of Bassorah - External sites

Read more here: » Battle of Bassorah: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Bassorah - Massing support