During the early stages of Romance languages development in Iberia, a set of romance dialects was spoken in Muslim areas of the Peninsula by the general population. This is known as the Mozarabic language, though there never was a common standard. This variety of Romance is the first documented in writing in the Peninsula as choruses (kharjas) in Arabic and Hebrew lyrics called muwashshahs. As they were written in Arabic alphabet (aljamiado), the vowels had to be reconstructed. In some aspects, it is m ...

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Mozarab, Mozarab - Language, Mozarab - Religion

Read more here: » Mozarab: Encyclopedia II - Mozarab - Language

Mio sîdî ïbrâhîm yâ tú uemme dolge fente mib de nohte in non si non keris irey-me tib gari-me a ob legar-te Mi señor Ibrahim, ¡oh tú, hombre dulce! vente a mí de noche. Si no, si no quieres, ireme a ti, dime a dónde encontrarte. Meu senhor Ibrâhim, ó tu, homem doce! vem a mim de noite. Senão, se não queres,< ...

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Mozarabic language, Mozarabic language - Sample text 11th century

Read more here: » Mozarabic language: Encyclopedia II - Mozarabic language - Sample text 11th century

In erecting Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance buildings, elements of Islamic art were used, achieving sometimes striking results. Its influence survived into the 17th century. The Mudéjar style, a symbiosis of techniques and ways of understanding architecture resulting from Jewish, Muslim and Christian cultures living side by side, emerged as an architectural style in the 12th century on the Iberian peninsula. It is characterised by the use of brick as the main material. Mudéjar did not involve the creation of new shapes or ...

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Mudéjar, Mudéjar - Mudéjar style

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Al-Hakam II (Arabic: الحكم الثاني) was Caliph of Cordoba, in Al-Andalus, and son of Abd-ar-rahman III (al-Nasir). He ruled from 961 to 976. Al-Hakam II succeeded to the Caliphate after the death of his father Abd ar-Rahman III in 961. He secured peace with the Christian kingdoms of northern Spain, and made use of the stability to develop agriculture through the construction of irrigation works. Economical development was also encouraged through th ...

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The Mozarabs remained out of the influence of French monks and conserved the Visigothic rite of Mass, also known as the Mozarabic rite. The Christian kingdoms of the North, though, have changed to the Latin rite (Castile in 1080) and appointed Northern bishops for the conquered sees. Nowadays, the Mozarabic rite is allowed by a Papal privilege at one chapel of the Toledo Cathedral. The St. Isidro hermit in Madrid also holds occasional Mozarabic masses. A Mozarab br ...

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Mozarab, Mozarab - Language, Mozarab - Religion

Read more here: » Mozarab: Encyclopedia II - Mozarab - Religion