moult

Astacoidea   Astacidae   Cambaridae Parastacoidea   Parastacidae Crayfish, sometimes called crawfish, lobsters, crawdads, mudbugs, carmels, yabbies, or spoondogs, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. They are found in bodies of fresh water that do not freeze to the bottom, which are not polluted, and which have shelter against predators. Some crayfish have been f ...

Including:

• Crayfish - The name crayfish
• Crayfish - Geographical distribution
• Crayfish - Crayfish as a dish
• Crayfish - Crayfish as pets
• Crayfish - Moulting in Crayfish

Read more here: » Crayfish: Encyclopedia - Crayfish

The silkworm (Bombyx mori, Latin: "silkworm of the mulberry tree") is the larva of a moth that is very important economically as the producer of silk. A silkworm's diet consists solely of mulberry leaves. It is native to northern China and Persia now known as Iran. The silkworm is so called because it spins its cocoon from raw silk. The cocoon is made of a single continuous thread of raw silk from 300 to 900 meters (1000 to 3000 feet) long. The fibers are very fine and lustrous, about 1/2500th ...

Including:

• Silkworm - History
• Silkworm - Medical uses
• Silkworm - Cuisine

Read more here: » Silkworm: Encyclopedia - Silkworm

The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae. This bird has a circumpolar distribution breeding abundantly in arctic and sub-arctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America as far south as Brittany and Massachusetts. This species is strongly migratory, wintering in the Antarctic. This 19,000 km (12,000 mile) journey ensures that this bird sees more daylight than any other creature on the planet. One particularly spectacular example involved an Arctic Tern ringed as a chick not yet ...

Including:

• Arctic Tern - Reference

Read more here: » Arctic Tern: Encyclopedia - Arctic Tern

Pseudochactoidea Buthoidea Chaeriloidea Chactoidea Iuroidea Scorpionoidea See the classification section for families. A scorpion is an invertebrate animal with eight legs belonging to the order Scorpiones in the class Arachnida. Scorpion - Physical characteristics. The scorpion body is divided into 2 main segments: the cephalothorax and the abdomen. The cephalothorax consists of the prosoma, and the abdomen of the mesosoma and the metasoma; Including:

• Scorpion - Physical characteristics
• Scorpion - Scorpion venom
• Scorpion - Reproduction
• Scorpion - Birth and Development
• Scorpion - Origins
• Scorpion - Geographical distribution
• Scorpion - How scorpions eat
• Scorpion - Suicide misconception
• Scorpion - Classification
• Scorpion - Cultural symbolism

Read more here: » Scorpion: Encyclopedia - Scorpion

Roundworms are triploblastic protostomes with a complete digestive system. Roundworms have no circulatory or respiratory systems so use diffusion to breathe and for circulation of substances around thir body. They are thin and are round in cross section, though they are actually bilaterally symmetric. The body cavity is reduced to a narrow pseudocoel. The mouth is often surrounded by various flaps or projections used in feeding and sensation. The portion of the body past the anus or cloaca is called the "tail." The epidermis secretes a layer ...

See also:

Roundworm, Roundworm - Morphology, Roundworm - Free-living species, Roundworm - Parasitic species, Roundworm - Phylogeny

Read more here: » Roundworm: Encyclopedia II - Roundworm - Morphology

Termites do not physically resemble ants; their "white ant" name is probably due to their similar size and social habits. Termites have biting mouthparts and their soft bodies are small, rarely over 10 mm in length. They typically inhabit dark nests and tunnels, only venturing out when the winged alates emerge to leave their parent colony, when constructing shelter or, in the case of grass-eaters, when harvesting grass stems. The bodies of flying individuals are dark, while termites which remain in the nest are whitish with only their ...

See also:

Termite, Termite - Appearance and Morphological Behaviour, Termite - Social Structure, Termite - Diet, Termite - Mounds, Termite - Human Interaction, Termite - Ecology and Natural History, Termite - Relationships and Evolutionary History

Read more here: » Termite: Encyclopedia II - Termite - Appearance and Morphological Behaviour

The properties which make structural proteins like keratins useful depend on their supermolecular aggregation. These depend on the properties of the individual polypeptide strands, which depend in turn on their amino acid composition and sequence. The α-helix and β-sheet motifs, and disulfide bridges, are crucial to the conformations of globular, functional proteins like enzymes, many of which operate semi-independently, but they take on a completely ...

See also:

Keratin, Keratin - Keratin in the Kingdom Animalia, Keratin - Molecular biology and biochemistry

Read more here: » Keratin: Encyclopedia II - Keratin - Molecular biology and biochemistry

The Dashanzi factory complex began as an extension of the "Socialist Unification Plan" of military-industrial cooperation between the Soviet Union and the newly-formed People's Republic of China. By 1951, 156 "joint factory" projects had been realized under that agreement, part of the Chinese government's first Five-Year Plan. However the People's Liberation Army still had a dire need of modern electronic components, which were produced in only two of the joint factories. The Russians were unwilling to undertake an additional project at the ...

See also:

Dashanzi Art District, Dashanzi Art District - Construction, Dashanzi Art District - Operation, Dashanzi Art District - Artistic rebirth, Dashanzi Art District - Notable exhibitions, Dashanzi Art District - Gentrification, Dashanzi Art District - Destruction?, Dashanzi Art District - Book references

Read more here: » Dashanzi Art District: Encyclopedia II - Dashanzi Art District - Construction

Skarmory is available on Route 45 in Pokémon Silver and Pokémon Crystal. In the latter, it cannot be captured at night. Skarmory is not available in Pokémon Gold. Skarmory is also available on Route 113 in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire and on Island 7 in Pokémon Fire Red and Leaf Green. In the GameCube game Pokémon Colosseum, Skarmory is a Shadow Pokémon in possession by the leader of Team Snagem, Gonzap. Gonzap blocks the way to the final boss, so the player must battle him. During the bat ...

See also:

Skarmory, Skarmory - Name Origin, Skarmory - Biology, Skarmory - In the video games, Skarmory - Battle strategy, Skarmory - In the animé, Skarmory - In other properties, Skarmory - In the card game

Read more here: » Skarmory: Encyclopedia II - Skarmory - In the video games

This classification is based on that of Soleglad & Fet (2003) [2].which replaced the older, unpublished classification of Stockwell [3]. Additional taxonomic changes are from Soleglad et al. (2005) [4]. INFRAORDER Orthosterni Pocock, 1911 PARVORDER Pseudoch ...

See also:

Scorpion, Scorpion - Physical characteristics, Scorpion - Scorpion venom, Scorpion - Reproduction, Scorpion - Birth and development, Scorpion - Origins, Scorpion - Geographical distribution, Scorpion - How scorpions eat, Scorpion - Suicide misconception, Scorpion - Classification, Scorpion - Cultural symbolism

Read more here: » Scorpion: Encyclopedia II - Scorpion - Classification

The life cycle of O. volvulus begins when a parasitised female Black fly of the genus Simulium takes a blood meal. Saliva containing stage three O. volvulus larvae passes into the blood of the host. From here the larvae migrate to the subcutaneous tissue where they form nodules and then mature into adult worms over a period of one to three months. After the worms have matured they mate, the female worm producing between 1000 and 1900 eggs per day. The eggs mature internally to form stage one microfilariae, which are r ...

See also:

Onchocerciasis, Onchocerciasis - Life cycle, Onchocerciasis - Causes of morbidity, Onchocerciasis - Treatment and control

Read more here: » Onchocerciasis: Encyclopedia II - Onchocerciasis - Life cycle

There are three families of crayfish, two in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern hemisphere. The southern-hemisphere (Gondwana-distributed) family Parastacidae lives in South America, Madagascar and Australasia. Many Australian crayfish are of the genus Cherax; and include the marron (Cherax tenuimanus), red-claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus), yabby (Cherax destructor) and western yabby (Cherax preissii). The world's largest crayfish, Astacopsis gouldi, is found in the rivers of northern Tas ...

See also:

Crayfish, Crayfish - The name crayfish, Crayfish - Geographical distribution, Crayfish - Crayfish as a dish, Crayfish - Crayfish as pets, Crayfish - Moulting in Crayfish

Read more here: » Crayfish: Encyclopedia II - Crayfish - Geographical distribution

As social insects, termites live in colonies that number from several hundred to several million individuals at maturity. They are a prime example of decentralised, self-organised systems using swarm intelligence and use this cooperation to exploit food sources and environments that could not be available to any single insect acting alone. A typical colony contains workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals of both sexes, often containing several egg-laying quee ...

See also:

Termite, Termite - Appearance and Morphology, Termite - Social Structure and Behaviour, Termite - Queen and King, Termite - Workers, Termite - Soldiers, Termite - Hiding, Termite - Diet, Termite - Mounds, Termite - Human interaction, Termite - Fighting termites, Termite - Ecology, Termite - Relationships and Evolutionary History

Read more here: » Termite: Encyclopedia II - Termite - Social Structure and Behaviour

This classification is based on that of Soleglad & Fet (2003) [2].which replaced the older, unpublished classification of Stockwell [3]. Additional taxonomic changes are from Soleglad et al. (2005) [4]. INFRAORDER Orthosterni Pocock, 1911 PARVORDER Pseudoch ...

See also:

Scorpion, Scorpion - Physical characteristics, Scorpion - Scorpion venom, Scorpion - Reproduction, Scorpion - Birth and Development, Scorpion - Origins, Scorpion - Geographical distribution, Scorpion - How scorpions eat, Scorpion - Suicide misconception, Scorpion - Classification, Scorpion - Cultural symbolism

Read more here: » Scorpion: Encyclopedia II - Scorpion - Classification

In China, there is a legend that the discovery of the silkworm's silk was by an ancient empress called Xi Ling-Shi (Chinese: 嫘祖; Hanyu Pinyin: Léi Zǔ). She was walking around when she noticed the worms. Touching it with her fingers, a strand of silk came out. As more came out and wrapped around her finger, she slowly felt a warm sensation. When the silk ran out, she saw a small cocoon. In an instant, she realized that this cocoon was the source of the silk. She taught this to the people and it became widespread. There are m ...

See also:

Silkworm, Silkworm - History, Silkworm - Medical uses, Silkworm - Cuisine

Read more here: » Silkworm: Encyclopedia II - Silkworm - History

All species of scorpion possess venom. In general scorpion venom is described as neurotoxic in nature. It consists of a variety of small proteins as well as sodium and potassium cations, which serve to interfere with neurotransmission in the victim. Scorpions use their venom to kill or paralyze their prey so that it can be eaten; in general it is fast acting, allowing for effective prey capture. Scorpion venoms are geared towards activity in other arthropods and therefore most scorpions are relatively harmless to humans; stings produc ...

See also:

Scorpion, Scorpion - Physical characteristics, Scorpion - Scorpion venom, Scorpion - Reproduction, Scorpion - Birth and development, Scorpion - Origins, Scorpion - Geographical distribution, Scorpion - How scorpions eat, Scorpion - Suicide misconception, Scorpion - Classification, Scorpion - Cultural symbolism

Read more here: » Scorpion: Encyclopedia II - Scorpion - Scorpion venom

When the microfilariae migrate to the skin they are a target for the immune system. White blood cells release various cytokines that have the effect of damaging the surrounding tissue and causing inflammation. This kills the microfilariae but is the cause of the morbidity associated with this disease. In the skin this can cause intense itching that leads to the skin becoming swollen and chronically thickened, a condition often called lizard skin. The skin may also become lax as a result of the loss of elastic fibres. Over time the skin may lose some of its pigment; on dark skin this g ...

See also:

Onchocerciasis, Onchocerciasis - Life cycle, Onchocerciasis - Causes of morbidity, Onchocerciasis - Treatment and control

Read more here: » Onchocerciasis: Encyclopedia II - Onchocerciasis - Causes of morbidity

The scorpion body is divided into 2 main segments: the cephalothorax and the abdomen. The cephalothorax consists of the prosoma, and the abdomen of the mesosoma and the metasoma; Prosoma: the “head” of the scorpion comprising the carapace, eyes, chelicerae (mouth parts) and pedipalps (claw). Mesosoma: The main body of the scorpion contains its lungs, digestive tract and sexual organs. The 4 pairs of walking legs (a common feature of the arachnids) are attached to this section, as are the pectines (featherlike ...

See also:

Scorpion, Scorpion - Physical characteristics, Scorpion - Scorpion venom, Scorpion - Reproduction, Scorpion - Birth and development, Scorpion - Origins, Scorpion - Geographical distribution, Scorpion - How scorpions eat, Scorpion - Suicide misconception, Scorpion - Classification, Scorpion - Cultural symbolism

Read more here: » Scorpion: Encyclopedia II - Scorpion - Physical characteristics

Unlike the majority of Arachnida, scorpions are viviparous. The young are born one by one, and the brood is carried about on its mother's back until the young have under gone at least one moult. Before the first moult scorplings cannot survive naturally without the mother, depending on her for protection and to regulate their moisture levels. In some species the young/ mother association can continue for an extended period of time especially in species which display more advanced sociability (e.g Pandinus spp.). The size of the litter depend ...

See also:

Scorpion, Scorpion - Physical characteristics, Scorpion - Scorpion venom, Scorpion - Reproduction, Scorpion - Birth and Development, Scorpion - Origins, Scorpion - Geographical distribution, Scorpion - How scorpions eat, Scorpion - Suicide misconception, Scorpion - Classification, Scorpion - Cultural symbolism

Read more here: » Scorpion: Encyclopedia II - Scorpion - Birth and Development

The district's popularity has exploded since the opening of BTAP and 798 Space in 2002, with scores of galleries, lofts, publishing firms, design companies, high-end tailor shops, cafés and fancy restaurants setting up. In 2003, around 30 artists and organizations had set up studios or offices in the area, with 200 more reportedly on the waiting list to move in. Fashionable clubs also sprang up such as Zhou Ying's "Vibes", known for its fetish nights. A former factory cafeteria became Yan Club (仁俱乐部), owned by well-known Beij ...

See also:

Dashanzi Art District, Dashanzi Art District - Construction, Dashanzi Art District - Operation, Dashanzi Art District - Artistic rebirth, Dashanzi Art District - Notable exhibitions, Dashanzi Art District - Gentrification, Dashanzi Art District - Destruction?, Dashanzi Art District - Book references

Read more here: » Dashanzi Art District: Encyclopedia II - Dashanzi Art District - Gentrification