Encyclopedia - Motivation: Encyclopedia Ii - Motivation - Types Of Motivation
Some would argue that the two best types of motivation are fear and desire. Motivation can be viewed as either extrinsic or intrinsic. M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Motivation: Encyclopedia Ii - Motivation - Controlling Motivation
The control of motivation is only understood to a limited extent. There are many different approaches of motivation training, but many of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Motivation: Encyclopedia Ii - Motivation - Is Money A Motivator?
Yes, at lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, such as Physiological needs, money is a motivator, however it tends to have a motiva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Motivation: Encyclopedia - Motivation
In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Attractor: Encyclopedia - Attractor
In dynamical systems, an attractor is a set to which the system evolves after a long enough time. For the set to be an attractor, traject...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Train: Encyclopedia Ii - Train - Fictional Trains
See also: Rail transport in fiction and List of trains in films External links: List of Railway Movies (as of December 5, 1995). ... Se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Train: Encyclopedia Ii - Train - Freight Trains
Freight trains have freight cars. Much of the world's freight is transported by train. In the USA the rail system is used mostly for tran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Train: Encyclopedia - Train
Modelling In rail transport, a train consists of a single or several connected rail vehicles that are capable of being moved together alo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia - Manifold
A manifold is a mathematical space which is constructed, like a patchwork, by gluing and bending together copies of simple spaces. For ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming: Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming
In software engineering, the programming paradigm of aspect-oriented programming (AOP), also called aspect-oriented software development ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scheme Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Scheme Mathematics - The Category Of Schemes
Schemes form a category if we take as morphisms the morphisms of locally ringed spaces. Morphisms from schemes to affine schemes are comp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scheme Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Scheme Mathematics - Types Of Schemes
There are many ways one can qualify a scheme. According to a basic idea of Grothendieck, conditions should be applied to a morphism of sc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scheme Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Scheme Mathematics - Definitions
A scheme X is a locally ringed space with a covering by open sets Ui, such that the restriction of the structure sheaf OX to each Ui give...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Attractor: Encyclopedia Ii - Attractor - Motivation And Definition
Dynamical systems are often described in terms of differential equations. These equations describe the behavior of the system for a short...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Attractor: Encyclopedia Ii - Attractor - Types Of Attractors
Attractors are parts of the phase space of the dynamical system. Until the 1960s, as evidenced by textbooks of that era, attractors were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Train: Encyclopedia Ii - Train - Motive Power
The first trains were rope-hauled or pulled by horses, but from the early 19th century almost all were powered by steam locomotives. From...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Train: Encyclopedia Ii - Train - Passenger Trains
Passenger trains have Passenger cars. Passenger trains travel between stations; the distance between stations may vary from under 1 km to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Train: Encyclopedia Ii - Train - Famous Train Routes
Main article: Famous trains Famous historical train services include the: Orient Express in Europe. Trans-Siberian in Russia. Blue Train...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scheme Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Scheme Mathematics - History And Motivation
The algebraic geometers of the Italian school had often used the somewhat foggy concept of "generic point" when proving statements about ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Domain Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Domain Theory - Motivation And Intuition
The primary motivation for the study of domains, which was initiated by Dana Scott in the late 1960s, was the search for a denotational s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apophony: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophony - Ablaut-motivated Compounding
Ablaut reduplication or ablaut-motivated compounding is a type of word formation of "expressives" in English (such as onomatopoeia). Exam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Module Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Module Mathematics - Types Of Modules
Finitely generated. A module M is finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements x1,...,xn in M such that every element of M is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Module Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Module Mathematics - Relation To Representation Theory
If M is a left R-module, then the action of an element r in R is defined to be the map M → M that sends each x to rx (or xr in the case...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Module Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Module Mathematics - Generalizations
Any ring R can be viewed as a preadditive category with a single object. With this understanding, a left R-module is nothing but a (covar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Module Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - Module Mathematics - Motivation
In a vector space, the set of scalars forms a field and acts on the vectors by scalar multiplication, subject to certain formal laws such...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Collateralized Debt Obligation: Encyclopedia Ii - Collateralized Debt Obligation - Bond Classes And The Priority Of Payments
The securities issued by the CDO are split into rated and unrated classes of bonds and equity, where the rating of each bond class is det...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Types Of Serial Killer
Serial killer - Organized and disorganized types. The FBI has roughly categorized serial killers into two different types: organized an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neutrino: Encyclopedia Ii - Neutrino - Types Of Neutrinos
There are three known types (flavors) of neutrinos: electron neutrino νe, muon neutrino νμ and tau neutrino ντ, named after their pa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Domain Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Domain Theory - Important Results
A poset D is a dcpo iff each chain in D has a supremum. However, directed sets are strictly more powerful than chains. A poset D with a l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Collateralized Debt Obligation: Encyclopedia Ii - Collateralized Debt Obligation - Collateral Asset Classes
Subject to investment guidelines set by each individual CDO the underlying assets may be static or revolving and may consist of any varie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Collateralized Debt Obligation: Encyclopedia Ii - Collateralized Debt Obligation - Synthetic
Some balance sheet transactions use credit derivatives to transfer the credit risk of assets from balance sheets to CDOs without the sale...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Collateralized Debt Obligation: Encyclopedia Ii - Collateralized Debt Obligation - Cdos Squared
More complex CDO structured have developed where each underlying credit risk is itself another CDO tranche or asset-backed security. Thes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Defining Serial Murder
The term "serial killer" was coined either by FBI agent Robert Ressler or by Dr. Robert D. Keppel in the 1970s (the credit for the term i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Psychology And Development
Most serial killers have dysfunctional backgrounds. Frequently they are physically, sexually or psychologically abused as children. There...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Prevalence
There have been conflicting reports as to the extent of serial murder. The FBI claimed in the 1980s that at any particular time there wer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Serial Murder Before 1900
See also List of serial killers before 1900 Although the phenomenon of serial murder is generally regarded as a modern one, it can be tra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Why Are Serial Killers Not Caught More Quickly?
It is probable that many would-be serial killers are apprehended before they kill the three or more victims required to qualify them as s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serial Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Serial Killer - Serial Killers In Popular Culture
Because of the horrific nature of their crimes, their highly varied personalities and profiles, and their terrifying ability to evade det...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apophony: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophony - Description
Apophony is exemplified in English as the internal vowel alternations that produce such related words as sing, sang, sung, song rise, ra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apophony: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophony - Replacive Morphemes & Apophony
Another analytical perspective on sound alternations treats the phenomena not as merely alternation but rather a "replacive" morpheme tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neutrino: Encyclopedia Ii - Neutrino - Motivation For Scientific Interest In The Neutrino
The neutrino is of scientific interest because it can make an exceptional probe for environments that are typically concealed from the st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warez: Encyclopedia Ii - Warez - Legality
Warez is often a form of copyright infringement punishable as either a civil wrong or a crime. The laws and their application to warez ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nihilartikel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nihilartikel - Motivations For Creation
Besides the obvious possibility of simple playful mischief, Nihilartikels may be composed for other purposes. Chief among these is to cat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nihilartikel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nihilartikel - Examples
Nihilartikel - Official sources. Most listings of the members of the German parliament (including its own website) feature the fictiti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nihilartikel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nihilartikel - Related Types Of Text
In contrast to Nihilartikels, which are false information in a real encyclopedia, there are also literary encyclopedia fictions. For inst...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nihilartikel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nihilartikel - Character
It is not always simple to recognize a Nihilartikel. It is especially difficult when the same fictitious entry is reprinted and adapted b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nihilartikel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nihilartikel - Classification As A Literary Genre
Umberto Eco's essay "Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare," originally published in 1967 and collected in Travels in Hyperreality (IS...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspect-oriented Programming - Problems For Aop
Debugging can become one of the greatest problems for AOP. While at the syntactic level AOP program code appears separate, at run-time it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apophony: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophony - Types Of Apophony
Apophony may involve various types of alternations, including vowels, consonants, prosodic elements (such as tone, syllable length), and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apophony: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophony - Ablaut Vs. Umlaut
The Germanic scholars who coined the terms ablaut and umlaut in the 19th century used them to distinguish two types of vowel alternation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neutrino: Encyclopedia Ii - Neutrino - Mass
The Standard Model of particle physics assumes that neutrinos are massless, although adding massive neutrinos to the basic framework is n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warez: Encyclopedia Ii - Warez - History Of Warez
Warez - Product piracy. Before there were computers and software, piracy existed; At the time, piracy was usually, though not always, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warez: Encyclopedia Ii - Warez - Types Of Warez
There is generally a distinction made between different sub-types of warez: appz – Applications: Generally a retail version of a softw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Charts, Atlases And Transition Maps
Charts A coordinate map, a coordinate chart, or simply a chart of a manifold is an invertible map between a subset of the manifold and a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspect-oriented Programming - Motivation And Basic Concepts
Aspect-Oriented Programming has at its core the enabling of a better separation of concerns, by allowing the programmer to create cross-c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspect-oriented Programming - Join Point Models
Fundamentally, the way an aspect interacts with the base program is defined by the join point model (JPM) that the aspect is written in. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspect-oriented Programming - Weaving
Weaving - injecting the advice presented in aspects into the specified join-points associated with each advice - provides the final chall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspect-oriented Programming: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspect-oriented Programming - Aop And Other Programming Paradigms
Aspects emerged out of object-oriented programming and have functionality similar to meta-object protocols. Aspects relate closely to pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apophony: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophony - Vowel Alternation In Indo-european
In Indo-European linguistics, ablaut is the vowel alternation that produces such related words as sing, sang, sung, and song. The differe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - History
The first to have conceived clearly of curves and surfaces as spaces by themselves was possibly Carl Friedrich Gauss, the founder of intr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Introduction
A manifold is a space that looks, locally, like a Euclidean space of some fixed dimension. This may be one of the familiar one, two, or t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Motivational Example: The Circle
The circle is the simplest example of a topological manifold after Euclidean space itself. Consider, for instance, the circle of radius 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Charts Atlases And Transition Maps
Charts A coordinate map, a coordinate chart, or simply a chart of a manifold is an invertible map between a subset of the manifold and a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Construction
A single manifold can be constructed in different ways, each stressing a different aspect of the manifold, thereby leading to a slightly ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Topological Manifolds
For more details on this topic, see topological manifold. The simplest kind of manifold to define is the topological manifold, which l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Differentiable Manifolds
For more details on this topic, see differentiable manifold. It is easy to define topological manifolds, but it is very hard to work w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Orientability
Consider a topological manifold with charts mapping to Rn. Given an ordered basis for Rn, a chart causes its piece of the manifold to its...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neutrino: Encyclopedia Ii - Neutrino - History
The neutrino was first postulated in 1931 by Wolfgang Pauli to explain the energy spectrum of beta decays, the decay of a neutron into a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neutrino: Encyclopedia Ii - Neutrino - Neutrino Sources
Neutrino - Human generated. Nuclear power stations are the major source of human-generated neutrinos. An average plant may generate ove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neutrino: Encyclopedia Ii - Neutrino - Neutrino Detection
Neutrinos can interact via the neutral current (involving the exchange of a Z boson) or charged current (involving the exchange of a W bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warez: Encyclopedia Ii - Warez - Distribution Of Warez
Organized groups operate with strict ruleset of what can be released and in which format each release should be. The groups may also have...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warez: Encyclopedia Ii - Warez - Motivations And Arguments
Pirates generally exploit the international nature of the copyright issue to avoid law enforcement in specific countries. In Russia, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gray Code: Encyclopedia Ii - Gray Code - Motivation
Many devices indicate position by closing and opening switches. If that device uses natural binary codes, these two positions would be ri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gray Code: Encyclopedia Ii - Gray Code - Construction
The binary-reflected Gray code for n bits can be generated recursively by prefixing a binary 0 to the Gray code for n-1 bits, then prefix...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gray Code: Encyclopedia Ii - Gray Code - History And Practical Application
Gray codes (not so named) were applied to mathematical puzzles before they became known to engineers. The French engineer Émile Baudot u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gray Code: Encyclopedia Ii - Gray Code - Special Types Of Gray Codes
In practice, a "Gray code" almost always refers to a binary-reflected Gray code. However, mathematicians have discovered other kinds of G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - Subsets Of Ordered Sets
In an ordered set, one can define many types of special subsets based on the given order. A simple example are upper sets; i.e. sets that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - Introduction To The Basic Definitions
This section aims at giving a first guide to the realm of ordered sets. It addresses readers who have basic knowledge of set theory and a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - Functions Between Orders
It is reasonable to consider functions between partially ordered sets having certain additional properties, that are related to the order...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - Special Types Of Orders
Many of the structures that are studied in order theory employ order relations with further properties. In fact, even some relations that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - Related Mathematical Areas
Although most mathematical areas use orders in one or the other way, there are also a few theories that have relationships which go far b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - History
As explained before, orders are ubiquitous in mathematics. However, earliest explicit mentionings of partial orders are probably to be fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gag Bdsm: Encyclopedia Ii - Gag Bdsm - Safety
Placing a gag on anybody is very risky, as it involves a substantial risk of asphyxia if the subject's nose is blocked by the gag. Using ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Introduction
A manifold is a space that looks, locally, like a Euclidean space of some fixed dimension. This may be one of the familiar one, two, or t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Motivational Example: The Circle
The circle is the simplest example of a topological manifold after Euclidean space itself. Consider, for instance, the circle of radius 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Charts Atlases And Transition Maps
Charts A coordinate map, a coordinate chart, or simply a chart of a manifold is an invertible map between a subset of the manifold and a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Construction
A single manifold can be constructed in different ways, each stressing a different aspect of the manifold, thereby leading to a slightly ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Topological Manifolds
The simplest kind of manifold to define is the topological manifold, which looks locally like some "ordinary" Euclidean space Rn. Formall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - Orientability
Consider a topological manifold with charts mapping to Rn. Given an ordered basis for Rn, a chart causes its piece of the manifold to its...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manifold: Encyclopedia Ii - Manifold - History
The first to have conceived clearly of curves and surfaces as spaces by themselves was possibly Carl Friedrich Gauss, the founder of intr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gag Bdsm: Encyclopedia Ii - Gag Bdsm - Types Of Gag
Gag BDSM - OTM over-the-mouth gag. This type of gag is often described in fiction as preventing the subject from speaking, using soft m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Theory - Background And Motivation
Orders appear everywhere - at least as far as mathematics and related areas, such as computer science, are concerned. The first order tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Benefits
An engine’s air/fuel ratio must be accurately controlled under all operating conditions to achieve the desired engine performance, emis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Regulatory Motivation
Throughout the 1950's and 1960's, various branches of federal, state and local governments conducted studies into the numerous sources of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Basic Function
The fuel injector acts as the fuel-dispensing nozzle. It injects liquid fuel directly into the engine's air stream. In almost all cases t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Various Injection Schemes
Fuel injection - Throttle Body Injection TBI or CFI. Main article: Electronic throttle body Throttle-body injection (called TBI by Ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Benefits
An engine’s air/fuel ratio must be accurately controlled under all operating conditions to achieve the desired engine performance, emis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Regulatory Motivation
Throughout the 1950's and 1960's, various branches of United States federal, state and local governments conducted studies into the numer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Basic Function
The fuel injector acts as the fuel-dispensing nozzle. It injects liquid fuel directly into the engine's air stream. In almost all cases t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Injection: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Injection - Various Injection Schemes
Fuel injection - Throttle Body Injection TBI or CFI. Throttle-body injection (called TBI by General Motors and CFI by Ford) was introdu...   » Read the article