Some would argue that the two best types of motivation are fear and desire. Motivation can be viewed as either extrinsic or intrinsic. Motivation - Physiological needs. The easiest kinds of motivation to analyse, at least superficially, are those based upon obvious physiological needs. These include hunger, thirst, and escape from pain. The analysis of the processes underlying such motivations can make use of research on animals, in ethology, comparative psychology, and physiological psychology, and the ho ...

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Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

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Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

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Yes, at lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, such as Physiological needs, money is a motivator, however it tends to have a motivating effect on staff that lasts only for a short period (in accordance with Herzberg's two-factor model of motivation). At higher levels of the hierarchy, praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are far more powerful motivators than money, as both Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGrego ...

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Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

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In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks define it as an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Motivation is often based on emotions, specifically, on the search for positive emotional experiences and the avoidance of negative ones, where positi ...

Including:

Motivation - Types of motivation
Motivation - Physiological needs Motivation - Other biological motivations Motivation - Secondary goals Motivation - Coercion Motivation - Self control
Motivation - Controlling motivation
Motivation - Early programming Motivation - Organization Motivation - Drugs Motivation - In Education
Motivation - Is Money a Motivator? Motivation - Reference

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In dynamical systems, an attractor is a set to which the system evolves after a long enough time. For the set to be an attractor, trajectories that get close enough to the attractor must remain close even if slightly disturbed. Geometrically, an attractor can be a point, a curve, a manifold, or even a complicated set with fractal structures known as a strange attractor. Describing the attractors of chaotic dynamical systems h ...

Including:

Attractor - Motivation and definition
Attractor - Mathematical definition
Attractor - Types of attractors
Attractor - Fixed point Attractor - Limit cycle Attractor - Limit tori Attractor - Strange attractor
Attractor - Partial differential equations

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See also: Rail transport in fiction and List of trains in films External links: List of Railway Movies (as of December 5, 1995). ...

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Train, Train - Types of trains, Train - Motive power, Train - Passenger trains, Train - Freight trains, Train - Famous train routes, Train - Fictional trains

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Freight trains have freight cars. Much of the world's freight is transported by train. In the USA the rail system is used mostly for transporting freight (or cargo). Under the right circumstances, transporting freight by train is highly economic, and also more energy efficient than transporting freight by road. Rail freight is most economic when freight is being carried in bulk and over long distances, but is less su ...

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Train, Train - Types of trains, Train - Motive power, Train - Passenger trains, Train - Freight trains, Train - Famous train routes, Train - Fictional trains

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Modelling In rail transport, a train consists of a single or several connected rail vehicles that are capable of being moved together along a guideway to transport freight or passengers from one place to another along a planned route. The guideway (permanent way) usually consists of conventional rail tracks, but might also be monorail or maglev. Propulsion for the train is typically provided by a separate locomotive, or from individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Power is usually derived from diesel engines or from ...

Including:

Train - Types of trains Train - Motive power Train - Passenger trains Train - Freight trains Train - Famous train routes Train - Fictional trains

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A manifold is a mathematical space which is constructed, like a patchwork, by gluing and bending together copies of simple spaces. For example, a circle can be constructed by bending two line segments into arcs which overlap at their ends and gluing them together where they overlap. The motivation for working with manifolds is that you begin with a relatively simple space which is well understood, and build up a manifold, which may be very complicated, from copies of that simple space. By choosing different spaces as base material, di ...

Including:

Manifold - Introduction Manifold - Motivational example: the circle Manifold - Charts atlases and transition maps Manifold - Construction
Manifold - Charts Manifold - Patchwork Manifold - Zeros of a function Manifold - Identifying points of a manifold Manifold - Cartesian products Manifold - Gluing along boundaries
Manifold - Topological manifolds Manifold - Differentiable manifolds Manifold - Orientability
Manifold - Möbius strip Manifold - Klein bottle Manifold - Real projective plane
Manifold - Other types and generalizations of manifolds Manifold - History

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In software engineering, the programming paradigm of aspect-oriented programming (AOP), also called aspect-oriented software development (AOSD), attempts to aid programmers in the separation of concerns, or the breaking down of a program into distinct parts that overlap in functionality as little as possible. In particular, AOP focuses on the modularization and encapsulation of cross-cutting concerns. Gregor Kiczales and his team at Xerox PARC originated this concept. This team also d ...

Including:

Aspect-oriented programming - Motivation and basic concepts Aspect-oriented programming - Join Point Models
Aspect-oriented programming - The Pointcuts and Advice JPM in AspectJ Aspect-oriented programming - Inter-Type Declarations in AspectJ Aspect-oriented programming - Other Join Point Models
Aspect-oriented programming - Weaving Aspect-oriented programming - AspectJ: an AOP language Aspect-oriented programming - AOP and other programming paradigms Aspect-oriented programming - Problems for AOP Aspect-oriented programming - Implementations Aspect-oriented programming - Publications

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Schemes form a category if we take as morphisms the morphisms of locally ringed spaces. Morphisms from schemes to affine schemes are completely understood in terms of ring homomorphisms by the following contravariant adjoint pair: For every scheme X and every commutative ring A we have a natural equivalence Since Z is an initial object in the category of ring ...

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Scheme mathematics, Scheme mathematics - History and motivation, Scheme mathematics - Definitions, Scheme mathematics - The category of schemes, Scheme mathematics - Types of schemes, Scheme mathematics - OX modules

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There are many ways one can qualify a scheme. According to a basic idea of Grothendieck, conditions should be applied to a morphism of schemes. Any scheme S has a unique morphism to Spec(Z), so this attitude, part of the relative point of view, doesn't lose anything. For detail on the development of scheme theory, which quickly becomes technically demanding, see first glossary of scheme theory. ...

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Scheme mathematics, Scheme mathematics - History and motivation, Scheme mathematics - Definitions, Scheme mathematics - The category of schemes, Scheme mathematics - Types of schemes, Scheme mathematics - OX modules

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A scheme X is a locally ringed space with a covering by open sets Ui, such that the restriction of the structure sheaf OX to each Ui gives a locally ringed space of type Spec(Ai) (where Ai is some commutative ring), up to isomorphism of locally ringed spaces. In the early days, this was called a prescheme, and a scheme was defined to be a separated prescheme. The term prescheme has fallen out of use, but can still be found in older books, such as Grothendieck's Éléments de géo ...

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Scheme mathematics, Scheme mathematics - History and motivation, Scheme mathematics - Definitions, Scheme mathematics - The category of schemes, Scheme mathematics - Types of schemes, Scheme mathematics - OX modules

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Dynamical systems are often described in terms of differential equations. These equations describe the behavior of the system for a short period of time. To determine the behavior for longer periods it is necessary to integrate the equations, either through analytical means or through iteration, often with the aid of computers. Dynamical systems that come from applications tend to be dissipative: if it were not for some driving force the motion would cease. (The dissipation may come from internal friction, thermodynamic losses, or loss of ma ...

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Attractor, Attractor - Motivation and definition, Attractor - Mathematical definition, Attractor - Types of attractors, Attractor - Fixed point, Attractor - Limit cycle, Attractor - Limit tori, Attractor - Strange attractor, Attractor - Partial differential equations

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Attractors are parts of the phase space of the dynamical system. Until the 1960s, as evidenced by textbooks of that era, attractors were thought of as being geometrical subsets of the phase space: points, lines, surfaces, volumes. The (topologically) wild sets that had been observed were thought to be fragile anomalies. Stephen Smale was able to show that his horseshoe map was robust and that its attractor had the structure of a Cantor set. Two simple attractors are the fixed point and the limit cycle. There can be many other geometri ...

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Attractor, Attractor - Motivation and definition, Attractor - Mathematical definition, Attractor - Types of attractors, Attractor - Fixed point, Attractor - Limit cycle, Attractor - Limit tori, Attractor - Strange attractor, Attractor - Partial differential equations

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The first trains were rope-hauled or pulled by horses, but from the early 19th century almost all were powered by steam locomotives. From the 1920s onwards they began to be replaced by less labor intensive and cleaner (but more expensive) diesel locomotives and electric locomotives, while at about the same time self-propelled multiple unit vehicles of either power system became much more common in passenger service. Most countries had replaced steam locomotives for day-to-day use by the 1970s. A few countries, most notably the People's Repub ...

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Train, Train - Types of trains, Train - Motive power, Train - Passenger trains, Train - Freight trains, Train - Famous train routes, Train - Fictional trains

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Passenger trains have Passenger cars. Passenger trains travel between stations; the distance between stations may vary from under 1 km to much more. Long-distance trains, sometimes crossing several countries, may have a dining or restaurant car; they may also have sleeping cars, but not in the case of high-speed rail, these arrive at their destination before the night falls and are in competition with airplanes in speed. Very long distance trains such as those on the Trans-Si ...

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Train, Train - Types of trains, Train - Motive power, Train - Passenger trains, Train - Freight trains, Train - Famous train routes, Train - Fictional trains

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Main article: Famous trains Famous historical train services include the: Orient Express in Europe. Trans-Siberian in Russia. Blue Train in South Africa. Train-de-Luxe from Johannesburg to Victoria Falls. Chihuahua al Pacifico in Mexico. Palace on Wheels in Rajasthan, India. Frontier Mail and Grand Trunk Express, India. The Canadian in Canada. 20th Century Limited in the USA. City of New Orleans in the USA. California Zephyr i ...

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Train, Train - Types of trains, Train - Motive power, Train - Passenger trains, Train - Freight trains, Train - Famous train routes, Train - Fictional trains

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The algebraic geometers of the Italian school had often used the somewhat foggy concept of "generic point" when proving statements about algebraic varieties. What is true for the generic point is true for all points of the variety except a small number of special points. In the 1920s, Emmy Noether had first suggested a way to clarify the concept: start with the coordinate ring of the variety (the ring of all polynomial functions defined on the variety); the maximal ideals of this ring will correspond to ordinary points of the variety (under ...

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Scheme mathematics, Scheme mathematics - History and motivation, Scheme mathematics - Definitions, Scheme mathematics - The category of schemes, Scheme mathematics - Types of schemes, Scheme mathematics - OX modules

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The primary motivation for the study of domains, which was initiated by Dana Scott in the late 1960s, was the search for a denotational semantics of the lambda calculus. In this formalism, one considers "functions" specified by certain terms in the language. In a purely syntactic way, one can go from simple functions to functions that take other functions as their input arguments. Using again just the syntactic transformations available in this formalism, one can obtain so called fixed point combinators (also called Y combinators); these, by definition, have the property that f(Y(< ...

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Domain theory, Domain theory - Motivation and intuition, Domain theory - A guide to the formal definitions, Domain theory - Directed sets as converging specifications, Domain theory - Computations and domains, Domain theory - Approximation and finiteness, Domain theory - Bases of domains, Domain theory - Special types of domains, Domain theory - Important results, Domain theory - Literature

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