In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks define it as an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Motivation is often based on emotions, specifically, on the search for positive emotional experiences and the avoidance of negative ones, where positi ...

Including:

• Motivation - Types of motivation
• Motivation - Physiological needs
• Motivation - Other biological motivations
• Motivation - Secondary goals
• Motivation - Coercion
• Motivation - Self control
• Motivation - Controlling motivation
• Motivation - Early programming
• Motivation - Organization
• Motivation - Drugs
• Motivation - In Education
• Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?
• Motivation - Reference

Read more here: » Motivation: Encyclopedia - Motivation

See also:

Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

Read more here: » Motivation: Encyclopedia II - Motivation - Types of motivation

Yes, at lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, such as Physiological needs, money is a motivator, however it tends to have a motivating effect on staff that lasts only for a short period (in accordance with Herzberg's two-factor model of motivation). At higher levels of the hierarchy, praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are far more powerful motivators than money, as both Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGrego ...

See also:

Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

Read more here: » Motivation: Encyclopedia II - Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?

Body-Mind Integration in the Personal Growth Process

Does the matter mind? I mean, does the mind matter? That is, what's the matter with the "mind over matter" attitude, and what's the matter if matter (the body) doesn't mind? Okay, I'll put the questions a little less pun-like and paradoxical. How often does it seem that our body is just something for our mind to use to achieve certain ends? And from the way the body minds at times, do we too often lack confidence that it's really going to cooperate with our plans? Or, even though we may try to "listen to our body," does it still surprise us when the massage therapist finds knots, "rubber bands," and sticky layers of achiness in areas we thought minded us the most?

Read more here: » Massage Therapy: Body-Mind Integration in the Personal Growth Process

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology that Abraham Maslow proposed in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation, which he subsequently extended. His theory contends that as humans meet 'basic needs', they seek to satisfy successively 'higher needs' that occupy a set hierarchy. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentally ill or neurotic people, writing that "the study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology an ...

Including:

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Deficiency needs
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Being needs
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Counterpositions

Read more here: » Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Encyclopedia - Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist. He is mostly noted today for his proposal of a hierarchy of human needs. Abraham Maslow - Biography. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Maslow was the first of seven children of Jewish immigrants from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in the City College of New York. However, after three semesters, he transferred to Cornell then back to CCNY.Af ...

Including:

• Abraham Maslow - Biography
• Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Human Needs
• Abraham Maslow - Bibliography
• Abraham Maslow - Internal links
• Abraham Maslow - External links
• Abraham Maslow - Books

Read more here: » Abraham Maslow: Encyclopedia - Abraham Maslow

Tony (Anthony) Robbins (born 29 February 1960, Glendora, California) is an American life coach, motivational speaker and bestselling writer. Robbins has authored a number of best-selling books, including Unlimited Power and Awaken the Giant Within. His best known tape program is known as Personal Power II; other programs include Get the Edge! and Lessons in Mastery. Robbins has coached a number of world leaders, including several US Presidents, as well as Mikhail Gorbachev, Princess Dia ...

Including:

• Tony Robbins - Philosophy and Ideas
• Tony Robbins - Health Programs and Recommendations
• Tony Robbins - Techniques
• Tony Robbins - Criticism
• Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration
• Tony Robbins - Media Appearances
• Tony Robbins - Bibliography
• Tony Robbins - External link

Read more here: » Tony Robbins: Encyclopedia - Tony Robbins

Emotions are essentially impulses that move an organism to action, originating automatic reaction behavior which has been adapted through evolution as a survival need. Davidoff (1980) defines emotion as a feeling that is expressed through physiological functions such as facial expressions, faster heartbeat, and behaviors such as aggression, crying, covering face with hands, and so on. Emotion is complex, and the term has no single universally accepted definition. Emotions are mental states that arise spontaneously, rather than ...

Including:

• Emotion - Relation to cultural and social factors
• Emotion - Theoretical traditions
• Emotion - Etymology
• Emotion - Physical responses to emotion
• Emotion - Computer models of emotion
• Emotion - Emotion researchers

Read more here: » Emotion: Encyclopedia - Emotion

Claude Bernard (July 12, 1813 – February 10, 1878) was a French physiologist. He was called by Prof. I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University, "one of the greatest of all men of science" in his Forward to the Dover edition (1957) of Bernard's classic on scientific method, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (originally published in 1865). Claude Bernard - Life. Bernard was born in the village of Saint-Julien near Villefranche-sur-Saône. He received his early education in the Jesuit ...

Including:

• Claude Bernard - Life
• Claude Bernard - Works
• Claude Bernard - An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine 1865
• Claude Bernard - External link

Read more here: » Claude Bernard: Encyclopedia - Claude Bernard

The word exercise can mean the following: An activity that is done with a specific motive to improve some component of physical fitness. A setting in action or practicing. Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability. Physical exercise Exercise - Physical exercise. Physical exercise is the performance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health. Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important ...

Including:

• Exercise - Physical exercise
• Exercise - Exercise benefits
• Exercise - Common myths
• Exercise - Spot reduction
• Exercise - Only overweight people need a physical before beginning an exercise program.
• Exercise - Muscle tissue will turn into fat once a person stops exercising.
• Exercise - Abdominal exercises will remove fat in my midsection.
• Exercise - It takes hundreds of crunches to get ab muscles in shape.
• Exercise - You have to train your abs everyday if you want a six pack.
• Exercise - Men and women should train their abs differently.
• Exercise - If I stop training my abs they’ll turn to fat.
• Exercise - Too much exercise
• Exercise - List of activities used as physical exercises
• Exercise - List of classes of physical exercise
• Exercise - Breathing

Read more here: » Exercise: Encyclopedia - Exercise

Narcolepsy is a neurological condition characterized by severe fatigue, irresistible episodes of sleep and general sleep disorder. It is a kind of dyssomnia. Narcolepsy - Symptoms of narcolepsy. The main characteristic of narcolepsy is overwhelming excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), even after adequate nighttime sleep. A person with narcolepsy is likely to become drowsy or to fall asleep, often at inappropriate times and places. Daytime naps may occur with or without warning and may be irresistible. These ...

Including:

• Narcolepsy - Symptoms of narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy - What happens in narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy - Causes of narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy - Prevalence of narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy - Diagnosis
• Narcolepsy - Treatment
• Narcolepsy - Research
• Narcolepsy - Coping with narcolepsy

Read more here: » Narcolepsy: Encyclopedia - Narcolepsy

Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat, beef, poultry, fish or their by-products, with or without the use of dairy products or eggs [1]. The exclusion may also extend to products derived from animal carcasses, such as lard, tallow, gelatin, rennet and cochineal. Some who follow the diet also choose to refrain from wearing products that involve the death of animals, such as leather, silk, feather, and fur. It should be noted that although many vegetarians abstain from all animal by-products, others make exceptions in their di ...

Including:

• Vegetarianism - History
• Vegetarianism - Recent trends
• Vegetarianism - Terminology and varieties of vegetarianism
• Vegetarianism - Motivation
• Vegetarianism - Religious
• Vegetarianism - Nutritional
• Vegetarianism - Ethical
• Vegetarianism - Environmental
• Vegetarianism - Social
• Vegetarianism - Spiritual
• Vegetarianism - Physiological
• Vegetarianism - Aesthetic
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian cuisine
• Vegetarianism - Country specific information
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian societies
• Vegetarianism - Criticism
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian diet and longevity
• Vegetarianism - Vegetarian diet is not a healthy diet
• Vegetarianism - Environment
• Vegetarianism - Animal Right

Read more here: » Vegetarianism: Encyclopedia - Vegetarianism

Humans or human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "thinking man"): a bipedal primate of the superfamily Hominoidea, together with the other apes: chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Humans have an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects and a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, speech, language, and ...

Including:

• Human - Terminology
• Human - Biology
• Human - Anatomy and physiology
• Human - Life cycle
• Human - Genetics
• Human - Race and ethnicity
• Human - Habitat
• Human - Population
• Human - Human evolution
• Human - Intelligence
• Human - Culture
• Human - Origins
• Human - Language
• Human - Music
• Human - Emotion and sexuality
• Human - Body image
• Human - Trade and economics
• Human - Artifacts technology and science
• Human - Mind
• Human - Psychology and human ethology
• Human - Philosophy
• Human - Motivation
• Human - Self-reflection and humanism
• Human - Spirit

Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia - Human

Reflexology, or zone therapy, is the practice of stimulating points on the feet, hands, or ears (termed reflex zones), in the hopes that it will have a beneficial effect on some other parts of the body, or will improve general health. The most common form is foot reflexology, in which the reflexologist applies pressure to points on a person's foot. The foot is believed by practitioners and participants to be divided into a number of re ...

Including:

• Reflexology - History
• Reflexology - Practice
• Reflexology - Reflexology treatment
• Reflexology - Alleged long-term effects
• Reflexology - Reduced stress and induced relaxation
• Reflexology - Feeling of increased energy
• Reflexology - Alleged benefits
• Reflexology - Current status
• Reflexology - Other applications
• Reflexology - Reflexology used on children
• Reflexology - Skeptics' views

Read more here: » Reflexology: Encyclopedia - Reflexology

BDSM is a term which describes a number of related patterns of human sexual behaviour. The major subgroupings are described in the abbreviation "BDSM" itself: Bondage (BD) Bondage & Discipline (B&D) Domination & Submission (D&S, DS, D/S) Sadism & Masochism (or Sadomasochism) (S&M, SM) Many of the specific practices in BDSM are those which, if performed in neutral or nonsexual contexts, are widely considered unpleasant, undesirable ...

Including:

• BDSM - Psychological
• BDSM - Psychiatric view
• BDSM - Power exchange
• BDSM - Roles
• BDSM - Dominant behavior
• BDSM - Submissive behavior
• BDSM - Tops and bottoms
• BDSM - Switching
• BDSM - Safety
• BDSM - Various practices
• BDSM - Physiological
• BDSM - Other points
• BDSM - Terminology
• BDSM - Etymology
• BDSM - History
• BDSM - International
• BDSM - Lists of BDSM authors artists and photographers
• BDSM - Publishers fiction and non-fiction
• BDSM - Support groups
• BDSM - Documentaries
• BDSM - References and further reading

Read more here: » BDSM: Encyclopedia - BDSM

Clinical Depression is state of sadness or melancholia that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individual's social functioning and/or activities of daily living (ADLs). The diagnosis may be applied when an individual meets a sufficient number of the symptomatic criteria for the Depression spectrum as suggested in the DSM-IV-TR or ICD-9/10. It is important to note that an individual may suffer from what is termed a "clinical depression" without fully meeting the criteria for a specific diagnosis on the Depression spect ...

Including:

• Clinical depression - Signs and symptoms
• Clinical depression - Types of depression
• Clinical depression - Anxiety and Stress in Depression
• Clinical depression - Mania and Hypomania in Depression
• Clinical depression - Causes of depression
• Clinical depression - Treatment
• Clinical depression - Medication
• Clinical depression - Psychotherapy
• Clinical depression - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
• Clinical depression - Vagus nerve stimulation
• Clinical depression - Electroconvulsive therapy
• Clinical depression - Other methods of treatment
• Clinical depression - Old methods
• Clinical depression - Relapse
• Clinical depression - Books
• Clinical depression - Books by psychologists/psychiatrists
• Clinical depression - Books by persons suffering or having suffered from depression
• Clinical depression - Sources

Read more here: » Clinical depression: Encyclopedia - Clinical depression

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides and encodes the sequence of the amino acid residues in proteins using the genetic code, a triplet code of nucleotides. In complex cells (eukaryotes), such as those from plants, animals, fungi and protists, most of the DNA is located in the cell nucleus. By contrast, in simpler cells called prokaryotes (the eubacter ...

Including:

• DNA - Overview
• DNA - DNA in practice
• DNA - DNA in crime
• DNA - DNA in computation
• DNA - Overview of molecular structure
• DNA - The role of the sequence
• DNA - DNA replication
• DNA - Mechanical properties relevant to biology
• DNA - Strands association and dissociation
• DNA - Circular DNA
• DNA - Great length versus tiny breadth
• DNA - Entropic stretching behavior
• DNA - Different helix geometries
• DNA - Non-helical forms
• DNA - Direction of DNA strands
• DNA - Chemical nomenclature 5' and 3'
• DNA - Sense and antisense
• DNA - Distinction between sense and antisense strands
• DNA - As viewed by topologists
• DNA - Single-stranded DNA ssDNA and repair of mutations
• DNA - The history of DNA research
• DNA - First isolation of DNA
• DNA - Establishing a link between heritable traits and chromosomes
• DNA - Discovery of the structure of DNA
• DNA - Bibliography

Read more here: » DNA: Encyclopedia - DNA

Death is the cessation of physical life in a living organism, or the state of the organism after that event. Death - Interpretations of death. In almost all societies, death has one or several symbols associated with it. Common symbols of death in Western cultures include the grim reaper and the color black; conversely, in certain Eastern cultures, the color white is considered symbolic of death. The grave is a metonym for death. Biologically, death can occur to wholes, to parts, or to both. For exam ...

Including:

• Death - Interpretations of death
• Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal
• Death - When is a person dead?
• Death - The process of dying
• Death - Cell death
• Death - Physiological changes during the process of dying
• Death - Signs of approaching death
• Death - When death is imminent
• Death - When death occurs
• Death - Causes of death in the United States
• Death - Other notable causes of death in the United States 2002
• Death - What happens to humans after death?
• Death - Physiological consequences of human death
• Death - Settlement of dead human bodies
• Death - Personification of death
• Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions

Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia - Death

Rape is a crime where the victim is forced into sexual activity, in particular sexual penetration, against his or her will. The word originates from the Latin rapere: to seize or take by force. The Latin term for the act of rape itself is raptus. Originally, the word rape was akin to rapine, rapture, raptor, and rapacious, and referred to the more general violations, such as looting, destruction, and capture of citizens that are inflicted upon a town or country during war, eg. th ...

Including:

• Rape - History
• Rape - Non-sexual usage of term
• Rape - Law
• Rape - Common law
• Rape - English law
• Rape - United States Uniform Crime Reports
• Rape - Types of rape
• Rape - Violent rape
• Rape - Statutory rape
• Rape - Acquaintance date rape
• Rape - Male rape
• Rape - Gang rape
• Rape - Some aspects of rape
• Rape - Drugging
• Rape - Custodial and prison rape
• Rape - Rape and sexual torture
• Rape - Sex trafficking
• Rape - Consent
• Rape - Victim blaming
• Rape - Sexual fantasy
• Rape - Effects of rape
• Rape - Medical emergency information
• Rape - RAINN
• Rape - Secondary Victimization
• Rape - Rape and punishment
• Rape - Punishment of assailants
• Rape - Punishment of victims
• Rape - Rape as punishment
• Rape - Rape and human rights
• Rape - Rapists
• Rape - Rapist profiles
• Rape - Warning signs
• Rape - Reporting
• Rape - Underreporting
• Rape - Overreporting and false reporting
• Rape - Sociobiological analysis of rape
• Rape - The role of control and loss of privacy in rape
• Rape - Quotes
• Rape - Books and publications
• Rape - Academic and reference books
• Rape - Others

Read more here: » Rape: Encyclopedia - Rape

Fasting is the act of willingly abstaining from all food and in some cases drink, for a period of time. Depending on the tradition, fasting practices may forbid sexual intercourse, (or any sexual desire), masturbation, as well as refraining from eating certain types or groups of food (e.g. meat). Fasting for religious and spiritual reasons has been a part of human custom since pre-history. It is mentioned in the Qur'an, in the Mahabharata, in the Upanishads, and in the Bible, in both the Old and New Testament. Fas ...

Including:

• Fasting - Religious Fasting
• Fasting - The Bahá’í faith
• Fasting - Buddhism
• Fasting - Christianity
• Fasting - Hinduism
• Fasting - Islam
• Fasting - Jainism
• Fasting - Judaism
• Fasting - Medical fasting
• Fasting - Political fasting and hunger strikes
• Fasting - Physical effects of fasting
• Fasting - Fasting in Literature

Read more here: » Fasting: Encyclopedia - Fasting