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motherland | A Wisdom Archive on motherland | | motherland A selection of articles related to motherland | |
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motherland, Motherland
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO motherland | | | |  motherland: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Essential elements of a democracyTrue democracy as a form of government always has the following characteristics:
there is constrained freedom to further the public good. Stated in negative terms, limits-sometimes vigorous ones-are essential to ensure that not anything goes (e.g., murdering people with handguns). Stated in positive terms, infinite freedom is of the essence to explore within, but not exceed, the boundaries defined by the edge of chaos (e.g., populist revolutions to identify, advocate for, and create consensus around new forms of government that ...
See also:Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Four Conceptions of Democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or democracy versus republic, Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - General skepticism of democracy, Democracy - Sources Read more here: » Democracy: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Definitions When the Government of Tibet in Exile refers to Tibet, they mean a large area that formed the cultural entity of Tibet for many centuries, consisting of the traditional provinces of Amdo, Kham (Khams), and Ü-Tsang (Dbus-gtsang), but excluding areas outside the PRC like Arunachal Pradesh (or South Tibet), Sikkim, Bhutan, and Ladakh that have also formed part of the Tibetan cultural sphere.
When the PRC refers to Tibet, it means the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR): a province-level entity which, according to the territorial claims of the ...
See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Definitions |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Status While everyone agrees that Tibet was once independent, the government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Tibet in Exile disagree over when Tibet became a part of China, and whether this incorporation into China is legitimate.
Since 1959 the former government of Tibet, led by the 14th Dalai Lama, has maintained a government in exile at Dharamsala, in northern India. It claims sovereignty over Tibet, with borders defined as the entirety of what it terms "Historic Tibet", although it controlled only about half of tha ...
See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Status |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Nation-state - Examples of nation-states Oddly, the confederation of cantons and former city-states known in English as Switzerland is often called a nation-state, despite having no dominant ethnic group, no national identity, and several national languages, see also Culture_of_Switzerland. This is odd because Switzerland's primary Raison d'être is to protect against a state, internal or external, attempting to enforce a statewide national identity. A classic nation-state, by definition, is inhabited by one ethnic group, who speak one language, have one culture, and share one reli ...
See also:Nation-state, Nation-state - What states existed before nation-states?, Nation-state - Examples of nation-states, Nation-state - Minorities and irredentism, Nation-state - Conflicting nationalisms, Nation-state - History Read more here: » Nation-state: Encyclopedia II - Nation-state - Examples of nation-states |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Demographics Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans. Other ethnic groups in Tibet include Menba (Monpa), Lhoba, Mongols and Hui. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra.
The issue of the proportion of the Han Chinese population in Tibet is a politically sensitive one. Between the 1960s and 1980s, many prisoners (over 1 million, according to Harry Wu) were sent to laogai camps in Amdo (Q ...
See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Demographics |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Culture Tibet is the traditional center of Tibetan Buddhism, a distinctive form of Vajrayana, which is also related to the Shingon Buddhist tradition in Japan. Tibetan Buddhism is not only practiced in Tibet; it is also the prevalent religion in Mongolia and largely practiced by the Buryat people of Southern Siberia. Tibet is also home to the original spiritual tradition called Bön (also spelled Bon). Various dialects o ...
See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Culture |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Geography Tibet is located on the Tibetan Plateau, the world's highest region. Most of the Himalaya mountain range lies within Tibet. Its most famous peak, Mount Everest, is on Nepal's border with Tibet.
The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversable year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak desolation is unrelieved by any vegetation beyond the size of low bushes, and where wind sweeps unchecked across vast ...
See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Geography |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Name
Tibet - In English.
The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European languages, ultimately derives (via Arabic and Persian) from a Turkic word Töbän (pl. Töbäd) meaning "the heights". (Behr, W. Oriens 34 (1994): 557-564.) The Chinese word for the Tibetan Empire (7th - 11th centuries), 吐蕃 (tǔfān or tǔbō), may have the same origin.
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See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Name |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Status While there is little dispute that Tibet was once an independent country, there is intense dispute over the legitimacy of the PRC's rule over Tibet today.
Since 1959 the former government of Tibet, led by the 14th Dalai Lama, has maintained a government in exile at Dharamsala, in northern India. It claims sovereignty over Tibet, with borders defined as the entirety of what it terms "Historic Tibet", although it controlled only about half of that area before 1959. The Government of Tibet claims Tibet to be a distinct nation independent ...
See also:Tibet, Tibet - Definitions, Tibet - Status, Tibet - Name, Tibet - In English, Tibet - In Tibetan, Tibet - In Chinese, Tibet - Cities, Tibet - History, Tibet - Evaluation of PRC rule, Tibet - Geography, Tibet - Economy, Tibet - Demographics, Tibet - Culture, Tibet - Further reading & media Read more here: » Tibet: Encyclopedia II - Tibet - Status |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Democratic Government Democracy is often implemented as a form of government in which policy is decided by the preference of the real majority (as opposed to a partial or relative majority of the demos/citizens) in a decision-making process, usually elections or referenda, open to all or most citizens. In recent decades 'democracy' was used as a synonym for (western) liberal-democratic systems in nation-states, but the existence of "illiberal democracies" is now recognised. The qualifier 'liberal' in this context refers strictly speaking to constitutional liberal ...
See also:Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or 'democracy' versus 'republic', Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Immigrants and 'the people', Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - Sources Read more here: » Democracy: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Democratic Government |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - History of democracy The term democracy - or more precisely, the original (ancient Greek) version of the word - was coined in ancient Athens in the 5th century BC. Athenian democracy is generally seen as the earliest example of a system corresponding to some of the modern notions of democratic rule. Only a sixth or a quarter of the whole (adult male) population of Athens could vote; but this was a bar of nationality, like the present German franchise, not of economic status: however poor they were, all Athenian citizens ...
See also:Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or 'democracy' versus 'republic', Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Immigrants and 'the people', Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - Sources Read more here: » Democracy: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - History of democracy |
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| | | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Nation-state - Conflicting nationalisms Iceland not only has clear borders, it is inhabited by people who are either immigrants or self-identify as Icelandic. In many nation-states, all or part of the territory is claimed on behalf of more than one nation, by more than one nationalist movement. The intensity of the claims varies: some are no more than a suggestion, others are backed by armed secessionist groups. Belgium is a classic example of a disputed nation-state. The state was formed by secession from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1830, and the Flemish population i ...
See also:Nation-state, Nation-state - What states existed before nation-states?, Nation-state - Examples of nation-states, Nation-state - Minorities and irredentism, Nation-state - Conflicting nationalisms, Nation-state - History Read more here: » Nation-state: Encyclopedia II - Nation-state - Conflicting nationalisms |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - List of dependent territories - Notes
List of dependent territories - France.
French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion are departments (first-order administrative units) of France, and are therefore not dependencies or areas of special sovereignty, similar to how the island state of Hawaii is a first-order political unit of the United States. The Department of Guadeloupe includes the nearby islands of Marie-Galante, La Desirade, and Iles des Saintes, as well as Saint Barthelemy and the northern three-fifths of Sa ...
See also:List of dependent territories, List of dependent territories - Entities on the list, List of dependent territories - List of dependencies by sovereignty, List of dependent territories - Australia, List of dependent territories - British Crown, List of dependent territories - Denmark, List of dependent territories - France, List of dependent territories - The Netherlands, List of dependent territories - New Zealand, List of dependent territories - Norway, List of dependent territories - United Kingdom, List of dependent territories - United States, List of dependent territories - Notes, List of dependent territories - France, List of dependent territories - United States, List of dependent territories - External link Read more here: » List of dependent territories: Encyclopedia II - List of dependent territories - Notes |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Liberal democracy In common usage, democracy is often understood to be the same as liberal democracy. The minimal characteristics of democracy (listed above) are not generally considered to make a democracy 'liberal'. In practice, the term now denotes a collection of defining criteria, some of which are unrelated to each other. They are sometimes presented as a list of demands, to be fulfilled during a democratisation process. Note that many liberal democracies ...
See also:Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or 'democracy' versus 'republic', Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Immigrants and 'the people', Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - Sources Read more here: » Democracy: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Liberal democracy |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy True democracy as a form of government always has the following characteristics:
there is constrained freedom to further the public good. Stated in negative terms, limits-sometimes vigorous ones-are essential to ensure that not anything goes (e.g., murdering people with handguns). Stated in positive terms, infinite freedom is of the essence to explore within, but not exceed, the boundaries defined by the edge of chaos (e.g., populist revolutions to identify, advocate for, and create consensus around new forms of government that ...
See also:Democracy, Democracy - Democratic Government, Democracy - History of democracy, Democracy - 20th century waves of democracy, Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy, Democracy - Political legitimacy and 'democratic culture', Democracy - Direct versus representative democracy or 'democracy' versus 'republic', Democracy - Liberal democracy, Democracy - Preconditions and structure, Democracy - Liberal freedoms, Democracy - Proportional versus majoritarian representation, Democracy - Social democracy, Democracy - Illiberal democracy, Democracy - Advantages and disadvantages of democracy, Democracy - Immigrants and 'the people', Democracy - Ethnic and religious conflicts, Democracy - Bureaucracy, Democracy - Short-term focus, Democracy - Electorate Intelligence, Democracy - Public choice theory, Democracy - Plutocracy, Democracy - Tyranny of the majority, Democracy - Political stability, Democracy - Effective response in wartime, Democracy - Corruption, Democracy - Poverty and famine, Democracy - The democratic peace theory, Democracy - Sources Read more here: » Democracy: Encyclopedia II - Democracy - Essential elements of a democracy |
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| | | | | motherland: Encyclopedia II - Nation-state - History The origins of the nation-state are disputed: see the main article on nationalism. Some theories see them as a 19th-century European invention, the product of nationalist movements, facilitated by developments such as mass literacy and the early mass media. Some see the nation-state as emerging in a few specific states, such as France and its rival England. They expanded from core regions, Paris and London, and developed a national consciousness, and sense of national identity (Frenchness and Englishness). Both assimilated peripheral regions and their cultures (Wales, Brittany, Aquitaine and Occitania), where regionalism and nat ...
See also:Nation-state, Nation-state - What states existed before nation-states?, Nation-state - Examples of nation-states, Nation-state - Minorities and irredentism, Nation-state - Conflicting nationalisms, Nation-state - History Read more here: » Nation-state: Encyclopedia II - Nation-state - History |
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