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Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Moshe Chaim Luzzatto | | | |  Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Rabbinic literature - Later works by category
Rabbinic literature - Jewish law.
Halakha is the Jewish way of life. Notable works in this category include:
The major codes of Jewish law (See the Halakha article)
The Mishneh Torah and its commentaries.
The Arba'ah Turim and its commentaries.
The Shulhan Arukh and its commentaries.
The Responsa literature
Rabbinic literature - Jewish thought and ethics.
Jewish philosophy
Kabbalah
Aggada
The works of Hasidi ...
See also:Rabbinic literature, Rabbinic literature - The oral law, Rabbinic literature - The Midrash, Rabbinic literature - Later works by category, Rabbinic literature - Jewish law, Rabbinic literature - Jewish thought and ethics, Rabbinic literature - Liturgy, Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Rishonim the early rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Works of the Acharonim the later rabbinical commentators, Rabbinic literature - Meforshim, Rabbinic literature - Bibliography Read more here: » Rabbinic literature: Encyclopedia II - Rabbinic literature - Later works by category |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society Kabbalah eventually gained an audience outside of the Jewish community. Nominal-Christian versions of Kabbalah began to develop; by the early 18th century some kabbalah came to be used by some hermetic philosophers, neo-pagans and other new religious groups.
Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah.
The Western Esoteric (or Hermetic) Tradition, a precursor to both the neo-Pagan and New Age movements, is intertwined with aspects of Kabbalah. Within the Hermetic tradition, much of Kabbalah has been changed from its Jewish roots through syncretism, b ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Origin of the movement This movement began among non-Hasidic Jews as a response to the social changes brought about by The Enlightenment, and the corresponding Haskalah movement among many European Jews. In this period of history anti-Semitism, assimilation of many Jews into Christianity, poverty, and the poor living conditions of many Jews in the Pale of Settlement caused severe tension and disappointment. Many of the institutions of Lithuanian Jewry were beginning to break up. Many religious Jews felt that their way of life was slipping away from them, observanc ...
See also:Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Founders, Mussar movement - Zundel Salant, Mussar movement - Yisrael Lipkin, Mussar movement - Early works of Mussar, Mussar movement - Origin of the movement, Mussar movement - Ethical sources for the Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature, Mussar movement - Bibliography, Mussar movement - Addenda, Mussar movement - External links Read more here: » Mussar movement: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Origin of the movement |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature The classical rabbinic Jewish works of ethics and moral instruction, still studied today, include:
Hovot ha-Levavot (Duties of the Heart, by Bahya ibn Paquda (11th century). This work discusses ten moral virtues, each the subject of its own chapter.
Ma'alot ha-Middot, Yehiel ben Yekutiel Anav of Rome. This work discusses 24 moral virtues,
Kad ha-Kemah, Bahya ben Asher, a Spanish ka ...
See also:Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Founders, Mussar movement - Zundel Salant, Mussar movement - Yisrael Lipkin, Mussar movement - Early works of Mussar, Mussar movement - Origin of the movement, Mussar movement - Ethical sources for the Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature, Mussar movement - Bibliography, Mussar movement - Addenda, Mussar movement - External links Read more here: » Mussar movement: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism Mystics of different traditions report similar experiences of a world usually outside conventional perception, although not all forms of mysticism abandon knowledge perceived through normal means. Based on extraordinary perception, mystics may believe that one can find true unity of religion and philosophy in mystical experience.
Elements of mysticism exist in most religions and in many philosophies. Some mystics perceive a common thread of influence in all mystic philosophies that they see as traceable back to a shared source. The Ve ...
See also:Mysticism, Mysticism - Types of mystical experience, Mysticism - Mysticism and epistemology, Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism, Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery, Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism, Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism, Mysticism - Theosophy and Occultism, Mysticism - Examples in major traditions, Mysticism - Hindu mystics, Mysticism - Chinese mystics, Mysticism - Christian mystics, Mysticism - Islamic mystics, Mysticism - Jewish mystics, Mysticism - Other mystics Read more here: » Mysticism: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery The term Perennial Philosophy, coined by Leibniz and popularized by Aldous Huxley, relates to what some take to be the mystic's primary concern:
[W]ith the one, divine reality substantial to the manifold world of things and lives and minds. But the nature of this one reality is such that it cannot be directly or immediately apprehended except by those who have chosen to fulfill certain conditions, making themselves lo ...
See also:Mysticism, Mysticism - Types of mystical experience, Mysticism - Mysticism and epistemology, Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism, Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery, Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism, Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism, Mysticism - Theosophy and Occultism, Mysticism - Examples in major traditions, Mysticism - Hindu mystics, Mysticism - Chinese mystics, Mysticism - Christian mystics, Mysticism - Islamic mystics, Mysticism - Jewish mystics, Mysticism - Other mystics Read more here: » Mysticism: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism Theistic, pantheistic, and panentheistic classical pantheist/cosmotheist metaphysical systems most often understand mystical experience as individual communion with a god or goddess. One can receive these very subjective experiences as visions, dreams, revelations, prophecies, and so forth.
Thomas Aquinas, a Christian mystic of the 13th century, defined it as cognitio dei experimentalis (experiential knowledge of God). In Catholicism the mystical experience is not sought for its own sake, and ...
See also:Mysticism, Mysticism - Types of mystical experience, Mysticism - Mysticism and epistemology, Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism, Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery, Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism, Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism, Mysticism - Theosophy and Occultism, Mysticism - Examples in major traditions, Mysticism - Hindu mystics, Mysticism - Chinese mystics, Mysticism - Christian mystics, Mysticism - Islamic mystics, Mysticism - Jewish mystics, Mysticism - Other mystics Read more here: » Mysticism: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism Although it was criticized by a small number of rabbis, Kabbalah has nevertheless been a fundamental part of most Jewish theology for many centuries, and is particularly influential in Hasidic and Sephardic thought. As well, the Vilna Gaon, the greatest leader of the Mitnagdim - former opponents of the Hasidim - was also a major Kabbalist. Gershom Scholem has written that between 1500 and 1800 "Kabbalah was widely considered to be the true Jewish theology". Though many Modern Orthodox Jews do not ascribe to Kabbalah, most other Orthodox Jews still consider it a fundamental part of Jewish thought and bel ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Criticisms
Kabbalah - Dualism.
One of the most serious and sustained criticisms of Kabbalah is that it may lead away from monotheism, and instead promote dualism, the belief that there is a supernatural counterpart to God. The dualistic system of good and of evil powers, which goes back to Zoroastrianism, can be traced through Gnosticism; having influenced the cosmology of the ancient Kabbalah before it reached the medieval one.
Some early mystics believed in a heavenly being called Metatron, a lesser Adonai ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Criticisms |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) teaches that God is neither matter nor spirit. Rather God is the creator of both, but is himself neither. But if God is so different than his creation, how can there be any interaction between the Creator and the created? This question prompted Kabbalists to envision two aspects of God, (a) God himself, who in the end is unknowable, and (b) the revealed aspect of God who created the universe, preserves the universe, and interacts with mankind. Kabbalists believe that these two aspects are not contradictory ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism The spiritual and mystical yearnings of many Jews remained frustrated after the death of Rabbi Isaac Luria and his disciples and colleagues. No hope was in sight for many following the devastation and mass killings of the pogroms that followed in the wake the Chmielnicki Uprising (1648-1654), and it was at this time that a controversial scholar of the Kabbalah by the name of Sabbatai Zevi (1626-1676) captured the hearts and minds of the Jewish masses of that time with the promise of a newly-minted "Messianic" Millennialism in the form of his ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times In Talmudic times the terms Ma'aseh Bereshit ("Works of Creation") and Ma'aseh Merkabah ("Works of the Divine Throne/Chariot") clearly indicate the Midrashic nature of these speculations; they are really based upon Genesis 1 and Book of Ezekiel 1:4-28; while the names Sitrei Torah (Talmud Hag. 13a) and Razei Torah (Ab. vi. 1) indicate their character as secret lore. In contrast to the explicit statement of the Hebrew Bible that God created not only the world, but also the matter out of which it was made, the opini ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah The Zohar posits that the human soul has three elements, the nefesh, ru'ach, and neshamah. The nefesh is found in all humans, and enters the physical body at birth. It is the source of one's physical and psychological nature. The next two parts of the soul are not implanted at birth, but can be developed over time; their development depends on the actions and beliefs of the individual. They are said to only fully exist in people awakened spiritually. A common way of explaining the three parts of the soul is as fol ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Foretelling the future A small number of Kabbalists have attempted to foretell events by the Kabbalah. The term has come to be used to refer to secret science in general; mystic art; or mystery.
Following that, the English word "cabal" came to refer to any small, secretive and possibly conspiratorial group.
...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Foretelling the future |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah Gnostic literature testifies to the antiquity of the Kabbalah. Gnosticism - systems of secret spiritual knowledge, or some sources say - — that is, the cabalistic Chochmah (חכמה "wisdom") - seems to have been the first attempt on the part of Jewish sages to give the empirical mystic lore, with the help of Platonic and Pythagorean or Stoic ideas, a speculative turn. This led to the danger of heresy from which the Jewish rabbinic figures Rabb ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism Early forms of esoteric mysticism existed over 2,000 years ago. Ben Sira warns against it, saying: "You shall have no business with secret things" (Sirach iii. 22; compare Talmud Hagigah 13a; Midrash Genesis Rabbah viii.).
Apocalyptic literature belonging to the second and first pre-Christian centuries contained some elements of later Kabbalah, and as, according to Josephus, such writings were in the possession of the Essenes, and were jealously guarded by them against disclosure, for which they claimed a hoary antiquity (see Philo, "De Vita Contempl ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Practical applications The Midrash and Talmud are replete with the use of Divine names and incantations that are claimed to effect supernatural or metaphysical results. Most post-Talmudic rabbinical literature disapproves of the use of any or most of these formulae, termed Kabbalah Ma'asith ("practical Kabbalah"). There are various arguments; one stated by the Medieval Rabbi Jacob Mölin (Maharil) is that the person using it may lack the required grounding, and the spell would be ineffective, leading to a de facto dimi ...
See also:Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Practical applications |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism Readers frequently encounter seemingly open-ended statements among studies of mysticism, throughout its history, for example in Taoist thought and in studies of Kabbalah. In his work, Kabbalah, Gershom Scholem, a prominent 20th century scholar of that field, stated: The Kabbalah is not a single system with basic principles which can be explained in a simple and straightforward fashion, but consists rather of a multiplicity of different approaches, widely separated from on ...
See also:Mysticism, Mysticism - Types of mystical experience, Mysticism - Mysticism and epistemology, Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism, Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery, Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism, Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism, Mysticism - Theosophy and Occultism, Mysticism - Examples in major traditions, Mysticism - Hindu mystics, Mysticism - Chinese mystics, Mysticism - Christian mystics, Mysticism - Islamic mystics, Mysticism - Jewish mystics, Mysticism - Other mystics Read more here: » Mysticism: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot There are four types of yeshivoth:
Yeshiva Ketana ("small yeshiva") - Also called Cheder, for elementary school students. Many Yeshivot Ketana in Israel and some in the diaspora do not have a secular course of studies and all students learn Judaic Torah studies full time.
Yeshiva High School - Also called Mesivta or Mechina, combines the intensive Jewish religious education with a secular high school education. The dual curriculum was pioneered by the Manhattan Talmudical Academ ...
See also:Yeshiva, Yeshiva - History, Yeshiva - Pre-1800s, Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin, Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot, Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot, Yeshiva - In the United States, Yeshiva - In Israel, Yeshiva - Academic year, Yeshiva - Typical schedule, Yeshiva - Method of study, Yeshiva - Talmud study, Yeshiva - Jewish law, Yeshiva - Ethics, Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion Read more here: » Yeshiva: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology His methodology and style was controversial, although intellectually he placed great emphasis on penetrating Talmudic study and analysis, emotionally he veered towards the hasidic-style, more than his Lithuanian-style colleagues reared as mitnagdim could tolerate. Ironically, Rabbi Hutner became a fierce critic of Lubavitch and the idolization of Rabbi Menachem Schneerson. Yet both men referred to their discourses as maamarim. He also forbade his students from attending any lectures given by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik at the sam ...
See also:Yitzchok Hutner, Yitzchok Hutner - Early years, Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage, Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States, Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology, Yitzchok Hutner - Publications, Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others, Yitzchok Hutner - Final years Read more here: » Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage Rabbi Hutner spent some years as a wandering scholar. He spent time in university in Berlin, studying philosophy, but not for the purpose of obtaining a degree. He spent time familiarizing himself with the intellectual milieu of Germany. He befriended two other future rabbinical leaders studying secular philosophy in Berlin: Joseph Soloveitchik, who was to become rosh yeshiva at Yeshiva University in New York City, and Menachem Schneerson who would become rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch in Brooklyn. The three of them were to retain close and cordi ...
See also:Yitzchok Hutner, Yitzchok Hutner - Early years, Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage, Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States, Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology, Yitzchok Hutner - Publications, Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others, Yitzchok Hutner - Final years Read more here: » Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage |
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| | | | | Moshe Chaim Luzzatto: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Early years Having obtained a deep grounding in Talmud, Hutner was sent to join an extension of the Slabodka yeshiva in Hebron. He studied there until 1929, narrowly escaping the Hebron Massacre of 1929 because he was away for the weekend. It was during his stay in Palestine that he became a disciple of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, the first chief rabbi of Palestine. The philosophical and mystical mind-set of both men, made them kindred spirits. Like Rabbi Kook, the young Rabbi Hutner eventually developed a warm welcoming posture towards non-religious Jews ...
See also:Yitzchok Hutner, Yitzchok Hutner - Early years, Yitzchok Hutner - Travels and marriage, Yitzchok Hutner - In the United States, Yitzchok Hutner - Methodology, Yitzchok Hutner - Publications, Yitzchok Hutner - Mentor to others, Yitzchok Hutner - Final years Read more here: » Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia II - Yitzchok Hutner - Early years |
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