Moonshine - Czech Republic. Czech moonshine is traditionally made from distilling plums and is known as 'slivovitz'. Traditionally produced in many garages and cellars, it is particularly popular in the east of the country, Moravia. Moonshine - Finland. Finnish moonshine is home-made vodka, usually made from any fermentable carbohydrates, most commonly grain, sugar or potato. The most common name is pontikka. It is said that this name came about due to the poor quality F ...

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Moonshine, Moonshine - History of moonshining in Appalachia, Moonshine - Moonshine production today, Moonshine - Product safety, Moonshine - Moonshining worldwide, Moonshine - Czech Republic, Moonshine - Finland, Moonshine - Iceland, Moonshine - Ireland, Moonshine - Scotland, Moonshine - Sweden, Moonshine - New Zealand, Moonshine - Norway, Moonshine - United States, Moonshine - Russian Federation, Moonshine - Thailand, Moonshine - Slovenia, Moonshine - Moonshine in popular culture

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Moonshine, Moonshine - History of moonshining in Appalachia, Moonshine - Moonshine production today, Moonshine - Product safety, Moonshine - Moonshining worldwide, Moonshine - Czech Republic, Moonshine - Finland, Moonshine - Iceland, Moonshine - Ireland, Moonshine - Scotland, Moonshine - Sweden, Moonshine - New Zealand, Moonshine - Norway, Moonshine - United States, Moonshine - Russian Federation, Moonshine - Thailand, Moonshine - Slovenia, Moonshine - Moonshine in popular culture

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Appalachia, generally the rural region of the United States in the vicinity of the Appalachian Mountains, has a history of small-scale whiskey production as part of its culture. The production of whiskey in this area predates the federal taxation of alcoholic beverages. For farmers in remote parts of the country, it was a way to turn their corn into cash when grain prices were down. The imposition of a tax on whiskey was considered an unwanted federal intervention and was largely ignored. The Department of the Treasury sent special agents — "revenuers" — to prosecute unlawful distilling. Gun bat ...

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Moonshine, Moonshine - History of moonshining in Appalachia, Moonshine - Moonshine production today, Moonshine - Product safety, Moonshine - Moonshining worldwide, Moonshine - Czech Republic, Moonshine - Finland, Moonshine - Iceland, Moonshine - Ireland, Moonshine - Scotland, Moonshine - Sweden, Moonshine - New Zealand, Moonshine - Norway, Moonshine - United States, Moonshine - Russian Federation, Moonshine - Thailand, Moonshine - Slovenia, Moonshine - Moonshine in popular culture

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Richard Ewen Borcherds' proof of the conjecture of Conway and Norton can be broken into five major steps as follows: A vertex algebra V is constructed that is a graded algebra affording the moonshine representations on M, and it is verified that the monster module has a vertex algebra structure invariant under the action of M. V is thus called the Monster vertex algebra. A Lie algebra is constructed from V using the Goddard-Thorn "no-ghost" theorem from string theory; this is a genera ...

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Monstrous moonshine, Monstrous moonshine - Formal versions of Conway's and Norton's conjectures, Monstrous moonshine - The Monster module, Monstrous moonshine - Borcherds' proof, Monstrous moonshine - Why monstrous moonshine?

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Bourbon is an American form of whiskey, made from (pursuant to US trade law) at least 51% corn, or maize, (typically about 70%) with the remainder being wheat, rye, and malted barley. It is distilled to no more than 160 (U.S.) proof, and aged in new charred white oak barrels for at least two years (usually much longer) it must be put into the barrels at no more than 125 U.S. proof. In this way it is similar to Scotch Whisky which is also aged in charred barrels. Most of the time it is then adjusted to 80–100 proof and bottled, altho ...

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Bourbon whiskey - History Bourbon whiskey - Some modern bourbon distilleries and brands

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Canadian whisky is whisky made in Canada; by law it must be aged there at least three years in a barrel. Most Canadian whiskies are blended multi-grain whiskies. These are often casually called "rye whisky" although they contain proprietary blends of corn (maize), barley, and rye. Canadian whisky featured prominently in illegal imports (known as bootlegging) into the U.S. during Prohibition in the 1920s. Hiram Walker and Seagram's have distilleries in Windsor, Ontario across the Detroit River from Detroit, Michigan that easily ...

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Canadian whisky - Canadian single malt Canadian whisky - List of Canadian whiskies
Canadian whisky - Canadian single malt Canadian whisky - Canadian blended whisky

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Welsh whisky (Welsh: Wisgi Cymreig) is a distilled spirit made in Wales. Modern Welsh whisky has been produced by The Welsh Whisky Company since 2000 at Penderyn. Welsh whisky - History of Welsh whisky. The first recorded instance of whisky produced in Wales dates back to the 4th century when a man known as Reaullt Hir of Bardsey Island, off the North Wales coast, produced a spirit known as “aqua-vitae”, or gwirod in the Welsh language. The last distillery in Wales closed in 1984, a ...

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Welsh whisky - History of Welsh whisky Welsh whisky - Modern Welsh whisky

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The first conjecture made by Conway and Norton was the so-called "moonshine conjecture"; it states that there is an infinite-dimensional graded M-module with for all m, where From this it follows that every element g of M acts on each Vm and has character value which can be used to construct the McKay-Thompson series of g: The second conjecture of Conway and Norton then states t ...

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Monstrous moonshine, Monstrous moonshine - Formal versions of Conway's and Norton's conjectures, Monstrous moonshine - The Monster module, Monstrous moonshine - Borcherds' proof, Monstrous moonshine - Why monstrous moonshine?

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Whisky (or whiskey) (from Irish "uisce beatha", "water of life") is an alcoholic beverage distilled from grain, often including malt, which has then been aged in wooden barrels. Whisky - Spelling. The spelling whisky (plural whiskies) is generally used for those distilled in Scotland, Canada, and Japan, while whiskey (with an e; plural whiskeys) is used for the spirits distilled in Ireland and the United States; however, there are exceptions. Kentucky, for example, ...

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Whisky - Spelling Whisky - Characteristics Whisky - History Whisky - Whiskey-based drinks Whisky - Other Concepts

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Bootlegging is a slang term to describe smuggling. Most commonly, the word refers to the illegal sale of alcoholic beverages on which excise taxes have not been paid. It is said that the term comes from how the alcohol (or "booze" as it is commonly called) was hid in flasks on the legs of sellers, above or under the boot. The term is sometimes mistakenly used to refer exclusively to the production of untaxed alcoholic products; however, that is more accurately called "moonshining." Most bootleg liquor is not "home-made" by a moonshiner ...

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Bootlegging - In economics and business administration literature

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Another remarkable property of j has to do with what is called its q-series. If we fix the imaginary part of τ and vary the real part, we obtain a periodic complex function of a real variable with period 1. The Fourier coefficients for these functions are extremely interesting. If we perform the substitution q = exp(2πiτ) the Fourier series becomes a Laurent series in q, , where the values for cn for n < -1 are all zero ...

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J-invariant, J-invariant - The fundamental region, J-invariant - Class field theory and j, J-invariant - The q-series and moonshine, J-invariant - Algebraic definition, J-invariant - Inverse

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Robert Wilson has found explicitly (with the aid of a computer) two 196882 by 196882 matrices over the field with 2 elements that generate the Monster group. However, performing calculations with these matrices is prohibitively expensive in terms of time and storage space. Wilson with collaborators has found a method of performing calculations with the Monster that is considerably faster. Let V be a 196882 dimensional vector space over the field with 2 elements. A large subgroup H (preferably a maximal subgroup) of the M ...

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Monster group, Monster group - A computer construction, Monster group - Moonshine

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The j-invariant has many remarkable properties. One of these is that if τ is any element of an imaginary quadratic field with positive imaginary part (so that j is defined) then j(τ) is an algebraic integer. The field extension is abelian, meaning with abelian Galois group. We have a lattice in the complex plane defined by 1 and τ, and it is easy to see that all of the elements of the field which send lattice points to other lattice points under multiplication ...

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J-invariant, J-invariant - The fundamental region, J-invariant - Class field theory and j, J-invariant - The q-series and moonshine, J-invariant - Algebraic definition, J-invariant - Inverse

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Canadian whisky - Canadian single malt. Glenora Distillery, Glenville, Nova Scotia (independent) Glen Breton Rare Canadian whisky - Canadian blended whisky. Alberta Distillers, Calgary (independent) Alberta Premium Alberta Springs Rye Whisky 10 Years Old Tangle Ridge Aged 10 Years Allied Domecq McGuinness Silk Tassel Barton Barton' ...

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Canadian whisky, Canadian whisky - Canadian single malt, Canadian whisky - List of Canadian whiskies, Canadian whisky - Canadian single malt, Canadian whisky - Canadian blended whisky

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In recent years the trend, with the exception of a few, mostly ultrapremium brands, has been toward lower proofs, generally 80 proof. In part this is due to the fact that some (mostly non-U.S.) jurisdictions do not allow alcoholic beverages with over 40% alcohol content to be sold and this makes all production suitable for sale in these jurisdictions; predominantly the major motive seems to be an economic one, as obviously it is less expensive for the distiller to stretch his product with more water; and the tax burden on the distiller is also reduced. However, retail prices have not been reduced commen ...

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Bourbon whiskey, Bourbon whiskey - History, Bourbon whiskey - Some modern bourbon distilleries and brands

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There are several theories about the origin of maize: (1) It is a direct domestication of a Mexican annual teosinte, Zea mays ssp. parviglumis, native to the Balsas River valley of southern Mexico, with up to 12% of its genetic material obtained from Zea mays ssp. mexicana through introgression; (2) It derives from hybridization between a small domesticated maize—a slightly changed form of a wild maize—and a teosinte of section Luxuriantes, either Z. luxurians or Z. diploperennis; (3) It u ...

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Maize, Maize - Maize physiology, Maize - Genetics, Maize - Origin of maize, Maize - Cultivation, Maize - Pests of maize, Maize - Insect pests, Maize - Diseases, Maize - Uses for maize

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The stems look like bamboo cane and the joints (nodes) are about 40–50 cm (16–20 inches) apart. Maize has a very distinct growth form, the lower leaves being like broad flags, 50–100 cm long and 5–10 cm wide (2–4 feet by 2–4 inches); the stems are erect, from 2–3 m (7–10 feet) in height, with many nodes, casting off flag-leaves at every node. Under these leaves and close to the stem grow the ears. The ears are female inflorescences, tightly covered over by several layers of leaves, and so closed in by them to the stem, that t ...

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Maize, Maize - Maize physiology, Maize - Genetics, Maize - Origin of maize, Maize - Cultivation, Maize - Pests of maize, Maize - Insect pests, Maize - Diseases, Maize - Uses for maize

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The spelling whisky (plural whiskies) is generally used for those distilled in Scotland, Canada, and Japan, while whiskey (with an e; plural whiskeys) is used for the spirits distilled in Ireland and the United States; however, there are exceptions. Kentucky, for example, usually spells its product "whisky". A mnemonic used to remember which spelling is used is that "Ireland" and "United States" have at least one "e" in their names, while "Scotland," "Canada" and "Japan" do not. International law reserves t ...

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Whisky, Whisky - Spelling, Whisky - Characteristics, Whisky - History, Whisky - Whiskey-based drinks, Whisky - Other Concepts

Read more here: » Whisky: Encyclopedia II - Whisky - Spelling

The stems look like bamboo cane and the joints (nodes) are about 40–50 cm (16–20 inches) apart. Maize has a very distinct growth form, the lower leaves being like broad flags, 50–100 cm long and 5–10 cm wide (2–4 feet by 2–4 inches); the stems are erect, from 2–3 m (7–10 feet) in height, with many nodes, casting off flag-leaves at every node. Under these leaves and close to the stem grows the corn, covered over by several layers of leaves, and so closed in by them to the stem, that it does not show itself easily till there bu ...

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Maize, Maize - Maize physiology, Maize - Genetics, Maize - Origin of maize, Maize - Cultivation, Maize - Pests of maize, Maize - Insect pests, Maize - Diseases, Maize - Uses for maize

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Maize - Insect pests. Corn earworm (Heliothis zea) Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Common armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) Stalk borer (Papaipema nebris) Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (ECB) Corn silkfly (Euxesta stigmatis) Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) Corn del ...

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Maize, Maize - Maize physiology, Maize - Genetics, Maize - Origin of maize, Maize - Cultivation, Maize - Pests of maize, Maize - Insect pests, Maize - Diseases, Maize - Uses for maize

Read more here: » Maize: Encyclopedia II - Maize - Pests of maize