Monophysites

Greek Old Calendarists (Greek: Παλαιοημερολογίτες, Paleoimerologites) are groups that separated from the Orthodox Church of Greece or from the Patriarchate of Constantinople, precipitated by disagreement over the retention of the Julian Calendar. Greek Old Calendarists - History. Up to the early 20th century, the Eastern Orthodox Church used the Julian Calendar universally, not accepting the calendar reforms of the Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-1563) and the then-cur ...

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• Greek Old Calendarists - History
• Greek Old Calendarists - Doctrine

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Cyril I (376 – June 27, 444), surnamed The Pillar of Faith, was Pope of Alexandria. He is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1883 the Holy See declared him a Doctor of the Church. Cyril of Alexandria - Life and character. His early life is known only from notices in Socrates Scholasticus and a few elsewhere. He was a nephew of the archbishop Theophilus, whom he accompanied in 403 to Constantinople to attend the synod ...

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• Cyril of Alexandria - Life and character
• Cyril of Alexandria - Literary activities
• Cyril of Alexandria - Cyril's teachings
• Cyril of Alexandria - Links

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567 - Events. Livva I succeeds Athanagild as king of the Visigoths. John III, Patriarch of Constantinople, organizes a compromise between the Chalcedonians and Monophysites. The Gepids are conquered by the Avars. Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, marries Brunhilda, and Chilperic I marries Galswintha, both daughters of the Visigothic king Athanagild. The Second Council of Tours is held. 567 - Births. 567 - Deaths. < ...

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• 567 - Events
• 567 - Births
• 567 - Deaths

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The Chalcedonian churches are those Christian churches who follow the Christological teachings of the Council of Chalcedon, in contradistinction to Nestorians, Monophysites and Monothelites. The latter are sometimes referred to collectively as non-Chalcedonian. Some non-Chalcedonians call the Chalcedonian teaching Dyophysitic. The primary emphasis of Chalcedonian christology is the full humanity and full divinity of Jesus, the second person of the Holy Trinity. Oriental Orthodoxy viewed this as equating them with Nestorianism (due to the a ...

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The Armenian Quarter is one of the four quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem. It might appear that the Armenian quarter would be a part of the Christian Quarter, since virtually all Armenians residing in Jerusalem are Christians, yet for historical reasons the Armenian quarter has remained separate and has not suffered the same disruptions as the other quarters over the last thousand years. Although the smallest of the four quarters, with the fewest residents, the Armenians and their patriarchate remain staunchly independent and pres ...

Including:

• Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD
• Armenian Quarter - The First Muslim Period 638–1099
• Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187 1229–1244
• Armenian Quarter - 1260–1517—The Mamluk period
• Armenian Quarter - The Ottoman Period 1517–1917
• Armenian Quarter - Struggles over the Holy sites
• Armenian Quarter - The British Mandate Period—1917–1948
• Armenian Quarter - The 1948 War and Jordanian Rule 1948–1967
• Armenian Quarter - The 1967 War and Israeli Rule—1967–present

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571 - Deaths. Emperor Kimmei, emperor of Japan 571 - Births. Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abulmottalib ibn Hashim, the Last Prophet of Islam 571 - In Other Fields. 571 is the area code for telephone numbers in the Northern Virginia region of the United States. It is overlaid by area code 703. It touches the 202 area code of Washington, DC as well as the 301 and 240 area codes of Southern Maryland. Other are ...

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• 571 - Events
• 571 - Deaths
• 571 - Births
• 571 - In Other Fields

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Arab Christians are people who are ethnically Arab and who follow the religion of Christianity. There are believed to be nearly 9 million Arab Christians in the Arab world and 30-35 million worldwide. The majority of Christian Arabs live in the Middle East where, although Islam is undoubtedly the preponderant religion, significant religious minorities exist in a number of countries. Large numbers of Arab Christians can be found in Egypt, Israel/Palestine, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and in emigrant communities in Australia, B ...

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• Arab Christians - History
• Arab Christians - Arab Christians today
• Arab Christians - Identity
• Arab Christians - Doctrine

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The Three Chapters (trîa kephálaia), a phase in the Monophysite controversy, was an attempt to reconcile the Christians of Syria and Egypt with Western Christendom, following the failure of the Henotikon. The Three Chapters consisted of propositions anathematizing: (1) the person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia; (2) certain writings of Theodoret of Cyrus; (3) the letter of Ibas to Maris in Persia. Three-Chapter Controversy - Background. At a very early stage of the controversy the inc ...

Including:

• Three-Chapter Controversy - Background
• Three-Chapter Controversy - The subscription
• Three-Chapter Controversy - The schism in the West
• Three-Chapter Controversy - Its effect in the East
• Three-Chapter Controversy - Its later effect

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Syriac Christian heritage is transmitted through the Syriac language, a dialect of Aramaic. Unlike the Greek Christian culture, Syriac culture borrowed much from early Rabbinic Judaism and Mesopotamian culture. Whereas Latin and Greek Christian cultures became protected by the Roman and Byzantine Empire, Syriac Christianity often found itself marginalised and persecuted. Antioch was the political capital of this culture, and was the seat of the patriarchs of the church. However, Antioch was heavily Hellenized, and the Mesopotamian cities of Edessa, Nisibi ...

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Syriac Christianity, Syriac Christianity - History, Syriac Christianity - Churches of the Syriac tradition, Syriac Christianity - Saint Thomas Christians in India

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The Armenians are an ancient people who have inhabited parts of Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus for more than three thousand years. The first known instance of an Armenian to come anywhere near Jerusalem arrived in the 95 BC under King Tigranes II of Armenia. The Armenian armies captured Caesarea before leaving the Holy Land. It was at this time that Jews may have come to trade with Armenia and settle in that far away land when likewise some Armenians came to know of the lands around Jerusalem and may have traded with the Herodian Jewish state ...

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Armenian Quarter, Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD, Armenian Quarter - The First Muslim Period 638–1099, Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187 1229–1244, Armenian Quarter - 1260–1517—The Mamluk period, Armenian Quarter - The Ottoman Period 1517–1917, Armenian Quarter - Struggles over the Holy sites, Armenian Quarter - The British Mandate Period—1917–1948, Armenian Quarter - The 1948 War and Jordanian Rule 1948–1967, Armenian Quarter - The 1967 War and Israeli Rule—1967–present

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His early life is known only from notices in Socrates Scholasticus and a few elsewhere. He was a nephew of the archbishop Theophilus, whom he accompanied in 403 to Constantinople to attend the synod Ad Quercum (see John Chrysostom). When his uncle and predecessor Theophilus died on October 15, 412, Cyril succeeded him in his see. The government was not pleased with this choice. It feared, not without reason, that the new bishop would show too much independence; and, indeed, on every occasion Cyril proved that he was master in A ...

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Cyril of Alexandria, Cyril of Alexandria - Life and character, Cyril of Alexandria - Literary activities, Cyril of Alexandria - Cyril's teachings

Read more here: » Cyril of Alexandria: Encyclopedia II - Cyril of Alexandria - Life and character

Theodoret stands out prominently in the christological controversies aroused by Cyril of Alexandria. Theodoret shared in the petition of John I of Antioch to Nestorius to approve of the term theotokos ("mother of God"), and upon the request of John wrote against Cyril's anathemas. He may have prepared the Antiochian symbol which was to secure the emperor's true understanding of the Nicene Creed, and he was a member and spokesman of the deputation of eight from Antioch called by the emperor to Chalcedon. To the condemnati ...

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Theodoret, Theodoret - Life, Theodoret - The Nestorian controversy, Theodoret - Works: exegetical, Theodoret - Works: apologetic historical, Theodoret - Works: dogmatic, Theodoret - Translations

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Makuria - Origins. The origins of Makuria are uncertain. Ptolemy mentions a Nubian people known as the Makkourae, who might be ancestors to the Makurians[5]. The kingdom is believed to have formed in the 4th or 5th century. The first recorded mention of it is in a work by the 6th-century John of Ephesus, who decries its hostility to Monophysite missionaries traveling to Alodia. Soon after John of Biclarum wrote approvingly of Makuria's a ...

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Makuria, Makuria - Sources, Makuria - History, Makuria - Origins, Makuria - Height, Makuria - Decline, Makuria - Economy, Makuria - Government, Makuria - Religion, Makuria - Culture, Makuria - Rulers, Makuria - Notes

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Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - Allied opposition against Basilicus and Timothy Aelerus. The opposition was the first important measures earning Acacius the enthusiastic popular support and praise of Pope Simplicius. In conjunction with a Stylite monk, Daniel the Stylite, he placed himself at the head of the opposition to the usurped emperor Basiliscus. Timothy Aelerus, the Monophysite patriarch of Alexandria under Basiliscus' protection since 476, had already induced Basiliscus to put forth an encyclical o ...

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Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople, Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - Early life and episcopate, Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - Monophysitism controversy, Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - Allied opposition against Basilicus and Timothy Aelerus, Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - Disputes over Peter Mongus and John Talaia, Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - The Henoticon Edict and the Acacian Schism, Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople - Sources

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Up to the early 20th century, the Eastern Orthodox Church used the Julian Calendar universally, not accepting the calendar reforms of the Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-1563) and the then-current Roman Pope Gregory XIII. (By then, the Orthodox Church had been out of communion with the Roman Catholic Church for several centuries.) Traditionally Orthodox Christian countries, including Russia, Greece, and Romania, did not use the Gregorian Calendar for civil and governmental affairs up through the first decade of the 20th century. The Gr ...

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Greek Old Calendarists, Greek Old Calendarists - History, Greek Old Calendarists - Doctrine

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When Heraclius took power, the Empire was in a desperate situation. Phocas's initial revolt had stripped the Danube frontier of troops, leaving the most of the Balkans at the mercy of the Avars. The Persian King Chosroes II, who had been an ally of Maurice, used his death as an excuse to launch a war against the Byzantines. Chosroes had at his court a man who claimed to be Maurice's son Theodosius, and Chosroes demanded that the Byzantines accept him as Emperor. The Persians had slowly gained the upper hand in Mesopotamia over the course of Phocas's reign; when Heraclius' revolt resulted in civil war, the Persians took advantage ...

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Heraclius, Heraclius - Origins, Heraclius - The revolt against Phocas and the accession of Heraclius, Heraclius - The war against Persia, Heraclius - The war against the Arabs, Heraclius - Legacy, Heraclius - External link

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His early life is known only from notices in Socrates Scholasticus and a few elsewhere. He was a nephew of the archbishop Theophilus, whom he accompanied in 403 to Constantinople to attend the synod Ad Quercum (see John Chrysostom). When his uncle and predecessor Theophilus died on October 15, 412, Cyril succeeded him in his see. The government was not pleased with this choice. It feared, not without reason, that the new bishop would show too much independence; and, indeed, on every occasion Cyril proved that he was master in A ...

See also:

Cyril of Alexandria, Cyril of Alexandria - Life and character, Cyril of Alexandria - Literary activities, Cyril of Alexandria - Cyril's teachings, Cyril of Alexandria - Links

Read more here: » Cyril of Alexandria: Encyclopedia II - Cyril of Alexandria - Life and character

The largest population of Arab Christians is found in Egypt, where they number over 4 million people, or 6% of the population. The vast majority of Christians in Egypt are followers of the Coptic Church, a rite that is in itself mainly confined to Egypt. Some Coptic Egyptians identify themselves as "Arabs", others merely as "Arabic speakers". They have their own language (which died out as a vernacular some 300 years ago) and have their own rites of Orthodox Christianity. This church has historically been seen by Eastern Orthodox and Roman C ...

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Arab Christians, Arab Christians - History, Arab Christians - Arab Christians today, Arab Christians - Identity, Arab Christians - Doctrine

Read more here: » Arab Christians: Encyclopedia II - Arab Christians - Arab Christians today

In 482, the Emperor Zeno had published a decree called the Henotikon, which forbade in the current theological discussions any other criterion but those of the Councils of First Council of Nicaea and First Council of Constantinople (ignoring the decrees of Chalcedon), carefully avoided speaking of Christ's two natures, and used ambiguous formulae that were meant to conciliate the Monophysites. Despite his efforts, the Henotikon really satisfied no one: Monophysites disliked it as much as Catholics. However, Acacius at Constanti ...

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Patriarch Euphemius of Constantinople, Patriarch Euphemius of Constantinople - The Acacian Schism, Patriarch Euphemius of Constantinople - Patriarch and Emperor, Patriarch Euphemius of Constantinople - Sources

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Ge'ez literature includes the Bible and its Apocrypha, as well as Christian liturgy (service books, prayers, hymns), Lives of Saints, Patristic literature, as well as history and chronography, ecclesiastical and civil law, philology, medicine, and letters. The Ethipoian collection of the British Library comprises some 800 manuscripts dating from the 15th to the 20th centuries, notably including magical and divinatory scrolls, and illuminated manuscripts of the 16th to 17th centuries. It was initiated by a donation of 74 codices ...

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Ge'ez language, Ge'ez language - Phonology, Ge'ez language - Vowels, Ge'ez language - Consonants, Ge'ez language - Writing system, Ge'ez language - History and Literature, Ge'ez language - Origins, Ge'ez language - 5th to 7th centuries, Ge'ez language - 13th to 14th centuries, Ge'ez language - 15th to 16th centuries, Ge'ez language - Sample, Ge'ez language - Literature

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