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Mongol Empire | A Wisdom Archive on Mongol Empire | | Mongol Empire A selection of articles related to Mongol Empire | |
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Mongol Empire
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Mongol Empire | | | |  Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Modern DescendentsA geneticist claims that Genghis Khan's 40-year policy of systematic rape of female prisoners led to 16m male descendants alive today who carry his chromosome.
Genghis Khan has been identified as the most successful alpha male in human history, according to a book by an Oxford geneticist.
The Mongol emperor inseminated so many women in his 40-year career raping and pillaging across Asia that he created a pool of at least 16m male desc ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan The successive migration and settlement of Eurasian and Central Asian nomads continued to be a familiar pattern in the history of the Caucasus since ancient times, from the era of Sassanid-Persian empire to emergence of Azerbaijani Turks by the 11th century CE. In particular, groups of Huns, Khazars, Bulgars, Barsils, Sabirs, Gokturks, and Kumyks had been some of the Turkic people who invaded Azerbaijan over the centuries and helped shape its pre-Islamic past. These Turkic tribes largely vanished into the much larger native Caucasian populat ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs The role of the Shirvanshah state was important in the national development of Azerbaijan (especially of northern Azerbaijan). The Shirvanshahs maintained a high degree of autonomy as local rulers and vassals from 861 until 1539, and provided a continuity that lasted longer than any other dynasty in the Islamic world. There are two periods of an independent Shirvan state: first in 12th century, under sultans Manuchehr and Ahsitan who built the stronghold of Baku, and second in 15th century under the De ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states The Seljuq period of Azerbaijan's history was possibly even more pivotal than the Arab conquest as it helped shape the ethno-linguistic nationality of the modern Azerbaijani Turks.
After decline of Abbasid Khalifate, the territory of Azerbaijan was under the sway of numerous dynasties such as the Salarids, Sajids, Shaddadids, and Buyids. However at the beginning of the 11th century, the territory was gradually seized by waves of Oghuz Turkic tribes emanating from Central Asia. The first of these Turkic dynasties was the Ghaznavids fro ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan The Safavid (Safaviyeh) were a Sufi religious order formed in 1330s by Sheikh Safi Al-Din (1252–1334), after whom it was eponymously named.
This Sufi order openly converted to the heterodox branch of twelver Shi'ism by the end of the 15th century. Some Safavid followers, most notably the Qizilbash Turks, believed in the mystical and esoteric nature of their rulers and their relationship to the house of Ali, and thus, were zealously predisposed to fight for them. The Safavid rulers claimed to be descended from Ali himself and his wif ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan Throughout its pre-Islamic history, Azerbaijan was subject to numerous invasions, but none so profoundly influential as that of the Muslim Arabs. What is today Azerbaijan came under Muslim rule following the Arab conquest during the reign of the Caliph Omar, sometime between 639 and 643. The conversion of the local predominantly Christian population did not take place instantaneously, but took centuries. In the 7th century, in a series of conflicts that became known as the "Arab-Khazar wars", the Khazars sought to expel Arabs from lands they ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history The cave of Azykh in the territory of the Fizuli district in the Republic of Azerbaijan is considered to be the site of one of the most ancient proto-human habitations in Eurasia. Remnants of the pre-Acheulean culture were found in the lowest layers of the Azykh cave. This culture is one of the oldest, and in many ways similar to the Olduvai culture in Tanzania and Walloon culture in the southeast of France.
The Paleolithic (Homo Sapiens) period in Azerbaijan is represented by finds at Aveidag, Taglar, Damjily, Yatagery, Dash Salakhly ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941 After the surrender of the pro-British national government to Communist forces, Azerbaijan was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic on April 28, 1920. Although, formally an independent state, the Azerbaijan SSR was dependent upon and controlled by the government in Moscow. It was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic along with Armenia and Georgia in March 1922. By an agreement signed in December 1922, the TSFSR became one of the four original republics of the Soviet Union. The TSFSR was dissolved in ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941 |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - World War II During the 1940s, the Azerbaijan SSR supplied much of the Soviet Union's gas and oil during the war with Nazi Germany and was thus a strategically important region. The German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 reached the Greater Caucasus in July 1942, but the Germans never crossed into the territory of Azerbaijan. While many Azerbaijanis fought well in the ranks of the Soviet Army (about 600-800,000), at least 35,000 prisoners of war joined the German forces and were used both in combat and in the rear. About 400,000 Azeris died in WWII. The Germans also made fruitless efforts to enlist the cooperation of emigre ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - World War II |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization Discrimination against the Arabic language in schools, media, and government would have been enough to incur the enmity of the Arabic-speakers of Khuzestan. However, they had other, material, reasons for dissatisfaction. The government seized Arab settlements for the oil industry or government purposes. Arabic-speakers, who might have been expected to benefit from living in the heartland of the Iranian oil industry, suffered. Thrown off their lands, they migrated to the cities, where they formed a slum-dwelling laboring class.
Ethnic ...
See also:History of Khuzestan, History of Khuzestan - The Elamites, History of Khuzestan - The Achaemenid Empire, History of Khuzestan - Alexander and the Seleucids, History of Khuzestan - The Parthians, History of Khuzestan - The Sassanids, History of Khuzestan - The Arab conquest and the caliphate, History of Khuzestan - The Mongol invasion, History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule, History of Khuzestan - The British century, History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization, History of Khuzestan - Fall of the Shah, History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war, History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war Read more here: » History of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Birth and early life Little is known about his early years, but Temüjin was born sometime around 11621 in Hentiy, Mongolia. His birthplace was most likely the mountainous area of Burhan Haldun. He was the eldest son of Yesükhei, a tribal chief of the Kiyad. Yesükhei's clan was called Borjigin (Боржигин), and his mother, Hoelun, was of the Olkhunut tribe of the Mongol confederation.
Based on legends and later writers, Temüjin's early life was difficult. His father delivered him to his fut ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Genetic, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Birth and early life |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Birth and early life Little is known about his early years, but Temüjin was born sometime around 11621 in Hentiy, Mongolia. His birthplace was most likely the mountainous area of Burhan Haldun. He was the eldest son of Yesükhei, a tribal chief of the Kiyad. Yesükhei's clan was called Borjigin (Боржигин), and his mother, Hoelun, was of the Olkhunut tribe of the Mongol confederation.
Based on legends and later writers, Temüjin's early life was difficult. His father delivered him to his fut ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Birth and early life |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war Disruption in the central government made various Iranian regional separatists bolder. In 1980, six Khuzestani Arab separatists temporarily seized the Iranian embassy in London; see London Embassy Seige.
Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi dictator, is said to have supported the separatists. Soon after the embassy drama (1980), his troops invaded Khuzestan. They expected that the Arab inhabitants would welcome them as liberators, and that the Iranian army would be too weak to resist them. Both expectations were delusory. After initial gains, the Iraqis were repulsed and ...
See also:History of Khuzestan, History of Khuzestan - The Elamites, History of Khuzestan - The Achaemenid Empire, History of Khuzestan - Alexander and the Seleucids, History of Khuzestan - The Parthians, History of Khuzestan - The Sassanids, History of Khuzestan - The Arab conquest and the caliphate, History of Khuzestan - The Mongol invasion, History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule, History of Khuzestan - The British century, History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization, History of Khuzestan - Fall of the Shah, History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war, History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war Read more here: » History of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war Khuzestan was devastated by the war. What used to be Iran's largest refinery at Abadan was destroyed, never to fully recover. Many of the famous palm plantations were annihilated, cities were destroyed, and historical sites were demolished. Many of the inhabitants were forced to flee into neighboring provinces, which struggled to cope with the influx of refugees. Not all of the refugees have been able to return to their former homes.
The central government has made some repairs in major urban centers, and rebuilt a few tourist attract ...
See also:History of Khuzestan, History of Khuzestan - The Elamites, History of Khuzestan - The Achaemenid Empire, History of Khuzestan - Alexander and the Seleucids, History of Khuzestan - The Parthians, History of Khuzestan - The Sassanids, History of Khuzestan - The Arab conquest and the caliphate, History of Khuzestan - The Mongol invasion, History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule, History of Khuzestan - The British century, History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization, History of Khuzestan - Fall of the Shah, History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war, History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war Read more here: » History of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - The Elamites Khuzestan was once inhabited by a people known as Elamites, who were neither Indo-European (like the Medes and Persians of the Iranian plateau) nor Semitic (like the peoples of other Mesopotamian city-states). Some scholars believe that they were the remnant of an even more ancient population, related to the Dravidians of southern India. Archaeologists and historians have documented various Elamite dynasties ranging from approximately 2700 BCE to 644 BCE However, various early proto-Elamite ruins such as Sialk exist in central Iran. The boun ...
See also:History of Khuzestan, History of Khuzestan - The Elamites, History of Khuzestan - The Achaemenid Empire, History of Khuzestan - Alexander and the Seleucids, History of Khuzestan - The Parthians, History of Khuzestan - The Sassanids, History of Khuzestan - The Arab conquest and the caliphate, History of Khuzestan - The Mongol invasion, History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule, History of Khuzestan - The British century, History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization, History of Khuzestan - Fall of the Shah, History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war, History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war Read more here: » History of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - The Elamites |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule In 1393 Khuzestan was conquered by Tamerlane and afterwards seems to have been ruled by his successors, the Timurids. As the Timurid rule decayed, Khuzestan is said to have been taken over by the Al-e Mosa'sa', a Shi'a millenarian sect. It is not clear how long the Mosa'sids held power. According to Ansari, their descendents were still to be found in the 19th century, as powerful local rulers in Hawidah.
In 1510 Khuzestan was conquered by the Safavid dynasty. The province started being called Arabestan at this point, which probably in ...
See also:History of Khuzestan, History of Khuzestan - The Elamites, History of Khuzestan - The Achaemenid Empire, History of Khuzestan - Alexander and the Seleucids, History of Khuzestan - The Parthians, History of Khuzestan - The Sassanids, History of Khuzestan - The Arab conquest and the caliphate, History of Khuzestan - The Mongol invasion, History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule, History of Khuzestan - The British century, History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization, History of Khuzestan - Fall of the Shah, History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war, History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war Read more here: » History of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia II - History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Tajikistan - Arab Caliphate 710 AD-867 AD The Transoxiana principalities never formed a viable confederacy. Beginning in 651 AD, the Arabs organized periodic marauding raids deep into the territory of Transoxania, but it was not until the appointment of Ibn Qutaiba as Governor of Khorasan in 705 AD, during the reign of Walid I, that the Caliphate adopted the policy of annexing the lands beyond the Oxus. In 715 AD the task of annexation was accomplished. The entire region thus came under the control of the Caliph and of Islam, but the Arabs continued to rule through local Soghdian Ki ...
See also:History of Tajikistan, History of Tajikistan - Tajik Ancestry 4000 BC-900 AD, History of Tajikistan - Pre-Islamic Tajikistan 600 BC-651 AD, History of Tajikistan - Greek Tajikistan 329 BC-90 BC, History of Tajikistan - Kushan Empire 30 BC-410 AD, History of Tajikistan - Here Come the Hephthalites 410 AD-565 AD, History of Tajikistan - Western Turkish Rule 565 AD-710 AD, History of Tajikistan - Arab Caliphate 710 AD-867 AD, History of Tajikistan - Samanid Empire 900 AD-999 AD, History of Tajikistan - Ghaznavids 999-1218, History of Tajikistan - Mongol Empire 1218-1370, History of Tajikistan - Timurid Empire 1370-1506, History of Tajikistan - Shaibanid Empire1506-1598, History of Tajikistan - The Astrakhanid Janid dynasty 1598-1740, History of Tajikistan - Persia 1740-1756, History of Tajikistan - Manghit Dynasty 1756 AD-1920 AD, History of Tajikistan - Russian Vassals 1868 AD - 1917 AD, History of Tajikistan - Soviet Republic 1917 - 1991, History of Tajikistan - Tajikistan 1991-Present day, History of Tajikistan - Conclusion, History of Tajikistan - Sources & Further Reading Read more here: » History of Tajikistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tajikistan - Arab Caliphate 710 AD-867 AD |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media Throughout much of its pre-Islamic history, Azerbaijan's northern portion was what became known as the state of Caucasian Albania, and its southern portion was what became known as the state of Media Atrupatan (Atropatene).
Early Azerbaijan, at least in the north, was known as Arran and/or Albania and is the earliest known civilization of the region dating back to the 1st millennium BCE. This early culture is believed to have been dominant along the western coast of the Caspian Sea for centuries, until Hurrians and Urart ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Death and burial During his last campaign with the Tangut Empire during which Genghis Khan was fighting with the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan died on August 18, 1227. The reason for his death is uncertain. Many assume he fell off his horse, due to old age and physical fatigue; some contemporary observers cited prophecies from his opponents. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle alleges he was killed by the Tanguts. There are persistent folktales that a Tangut princess, to avenge her people and prevent her rape, castrated him ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Genetic, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Death and burial |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Death and burial During his last campaign with the Tangut Empire during which Genghis Khan was fighting with the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan died on August 18, 1227. The reason for his death is uncertain. Many assume he fell off his horse, due to old age and physical fatigue; some contemporary observers cited prophecies from his opponents. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle alleges he was killed by the Tanguts. There are persistent folktales that a Tangut princess, to avenge her people and prevent her rape, castrated him ...
See also:Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Birth and early life, Genghis Khan - His family, Genghis Khan - Uniting the Central Asian confederations, Genghis Khan - From Temüjin to Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Military campaigns, Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia, Genghis Khan - Conquest of the Khara-Khitan Khanate, Genghis Khan - Invasion of Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan - The defeat of the Kievan Rus, Genghis Khan - Second war with Western Xia and Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan - Politics and economics, Genghis Khan - Military, Genghis Khan - Division of the empire into Khanates, Genghis Khan - After Genghis Khan, Genghis Khan - Destruction and effects after conquests, Genghis Khan - Death and burial, Genghis Khan - His personality, Genghis Khan - Legacy, Genghis Khan - In most of the world, Genghis Khan - In Mongolia, Genghis Khan - Name and title, Genghis Khan - Short timeline, Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents, Genghis Khan - Notes Read more here: » Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genghis Khan - Death and burial |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire At the beginning of Russian administration, the Tsars did not significantly interfere with local affairs and the migration of the Christian population into Azerbaijan was minimal. As a result of a catastrophic earthquake in 1858, the capital of the eastern province was transferred from Shamakha to Baku which attained greater importance over time.
The discovery and exploitation of petroleum in the 1870s led to a period of unprecedented prosperity and growth in the years prior to World War I but also created huge disparities in wealth b ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire |
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| | | | | Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Overview The heritage, culture and civilization of Azerbaijan has both ancient and modern roots starting from the Middle Paleolithic period through to the division of the region into Russian/Soviet and Iranian Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijanis are believed to be the inheritors of various ancient civilizations and peoples including the indigenous Caucasian Albanians, Arattans, Mannai, Medians, and Oguz Turks among others. Perhaps to clarify who the Turkic-speaking Azeris are by way of ancestry, recent evidence from Genealogical DNA tests show that the mode ...
See also:History of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Overview, History of Azerbaijan - Ancient history, History of Azerbaijan - Albania and Media, History of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire to the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Greeks, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-Parthian rivalry and Sassinian conquest, History of Azerbaijan - Origins of the name Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Eurasian nomads in pre-Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs and successor states, History of Azerbaijan - Mongols and Ilkhanid rule, History of Azerbaijan - The end of Mongol rule and the Black Sheep-White Sheep rivalry, History of Azerbaijan - The local Shirvanshahs, History of Azerbaijan - Safavids and the rise of Shi'ism in Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates in the 18th century, History of Azerbaijan - The Partition of Azerbaijan, History of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire, History of Azerbaijan - Independence and The Civil War, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941, History of Azerbaijan - World War II, History of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991, History of Azerbaijan - Independent Azerbaijan 1991-2005 Read more here: » History of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia II - History of Azerbaijan - Overview |
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