Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Overview
The notion that the Mongol Empire was tremendously destructive should be viewed with caution. Historian R. J. Rummel estimated that 30 mi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Legacy
The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in human history. The 12th and 13th century, when the empire came to power, is often ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Overview
The notion that the Mongol Empire was tremendously destructive should be viewed with caution. Historian R. J. Rummel estimated that 30 mi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan - Politics and economics. The Mongol Empire was governed by civilian and military code, called the Yassa code. An interest...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan - Politics and economics. Main articles: Organization of state under Genghis Khan, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan - Politics and economics. Main article: Organization of state under Genghis Khan The Mongol Empire was governed by civil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan - Politics and economics. Main article: Organization of state under Genghis Khan The Mongol Empire was governed by civil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Organization
Mongol Empire - Military setup. Main article: Military advances of Genghis Khan The Mongol military organization was simple, but effect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Organization
Mongol Empire - Military setup. Main article: Military advances of Genghis Khan The Mongol military organization was simple, but effect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongols: Encyclopedia - Mongols
The Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China, particularly Inner Mongolia. They currently n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia - Persian Empire
The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's ear...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan ▶ (help·info) (c. 11621–August 18, 1227) (Cyrillic: Чингис Хаан), (also spelled as Chinggis Khan, Jenghis Kha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1280s: Encyclopedia - 1280s
1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 The 1280s is the decade starting January ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongols: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongols - History
Mongols - Genghis Khan. The Mongols were originally a confederation of tribes in competition with the Tatar, Kerait, Merkit and Naiman ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongols: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongols - Timeline Of Conquest
The Mongols attempted two unsuccessful invasions of Japan (see Mongol invasions of Japan). The first attempt ended in a retreat after the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongols: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongols - Modern History
In 1921, Outer Mongolia revolted with Russian support, forming modern Mongolia. A Communist government was formed in 1924. The USSR defen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prester John: Encyclopedia Ii - Prester John - Prester John And The Mongol Empire
In 1221 Jacques de Vitry, Bishop of Acre, returned from the disastrous Fifth Crusade with good news: King David of India, the son or gran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Yuan Dynasty
The Mongols under Kublai who fully conquered China had theoretical suzerainty over the entire Mongol Empire, but this became nominal even...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tangut Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Tangut Empire - The Tanguts And The Mongols
The Mongol Empire campaigned six times against the Tanguts (1202, 1207, 1209-10, 1211-13, 1214-19, 1225-26). In 1207 Li An-ch'uan submitt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1250s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1250s - War And Politics
1250s - Mongol Empire. 1251 - Möngke Khan is elected as the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire. 1253 - Galicia becomes a vassal state t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Division Of Mongol Empire Into Khanates
Before his death, Genghis Khan divided his empire among his sons and grandsons into several Khanates. These Khanates were sub territories...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Empire - The Rise And Fall Of Empires In Persia
Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC. The first record of the Persians comes from an Assyrian insc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Golden Horde
... Mamai (? - 1380) Tokhtamysh (1380-1395) ... Seyid Akhmed (1433? - ?) Makhmud (1459-1465) Akhmat (1465-1481) Shayk Ahmad (1481...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mongol Khans: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mongol Khans - Successors To The Yüan In Mongolia Northern Yuan
The following Khad are successors of Dayan Khan and directly ruled Chakhar. They had suzerainty over other Mongol tümed, but was unable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Military Campaigns
Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia. The Mongol federation created by Temüjin was bordered to the south by the Jurchen Jin Dynas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Globalization - The British Empire
History of Globalization - British East India Company. ... See also:History of Globalization, History of Globalization - The Dutch Em...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Empire - The Name Persia
Persia has long been used by the West to describe the nation of Iran, its people, or its ancient empire. It derives from the ancient Gree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Globalization - The Dutch Empire
History of Globalization - Dutch Reformed Church. The Dutch merchant fleets were obliged to deny other religions from creating churches...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Empire - The Name Persia
Persia has long been used by the West to describe the nation of Iran, its people, or its ancient empire. It derives from the ancient Gree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prester John: Encyclopedia Ii - Prester John - Origin Of The Legend
The stories of St. Thomas proselytizing in India, which date back to at least the 3rd century, had obvious influence on the myth's develo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - His Personality
It is not entirely clear what Genghis Khan's personality was truly like, but his personality and character were doubtless molded by the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Name And Title
There are many theories for the origins of Genghis' title; this uncertainty is fueled by the fact that later members of the Mongol Empire...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Military Campaigns
Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia. The Mongol federation created by Temüjin in 1206 was bordered to the south by the Jurchen J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Military Campaigns
Genghis Khan - First war with Western Xia. The Mongol federation created by Temüjin in 1206 was bordered to the south by the Jurchen J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1250s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1250s - Culture
1250s - Science and literature. 1250 - Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic. He also first uses the word oriole to describe a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prester John: Encyclopedia Ii - Prester John - The Letter Of Prester John
No more of the tale is recorded until about 1165 when copies of the Letter of Prester John started spreading throughout Europe. An episto...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tangut Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Tangut Empire - Foundations
After coming under military pressure from the Tibetan Empire some Tangut tribes submitted to Tang China under Emperor DeZong in 799. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Mongols And Ilkhanid Rule
The Mongol invasion of the Middle East and Caucasus was a devastating event for Azerbaijan and most of its neighbors. In 1231, the Mongol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prester John: Encyclopedia Ii - Prester John - Prester John And Ethiopia
Though Prester John had been considered the ruler of India since the legend's beginnings, "India" was a vague concept to the Europeans. W...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Legacy
Genghis Khan - In most of the world. Historians and scientists are looking into positive aspects of Genghis Khan's conquests. Genghis ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Birth And Early Life
Little is known about his early years, but Temüjin was born sometime around 11621 in Hentiy, Mongolia. His birthplace was most likely th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - His Personality
It is not entirely clear what Genghis Khan's personality was truly like, but his personality and character were doubtless molded by the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1280s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1280s - War And Politics
1280s - Europe. 1282 - March - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother to Prince of Wales Llywelyn the Last, attacks an English castle; his brot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - His Personality
It is not entirely clear what Genghis Khan's personality was truly like, but his personality and character were doubtless molded by the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Name And Title
There are many theories for the origins of Temujin's title; this uncertainty is fueled by the fact that later members of the Mongol Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Name And Title
There are many theories for the origins of Temujin's title; this uncertainty is fueled by the fact that later members of the Mongol Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Death And Burial
During his last campaign with the Tangut Empire during which Genghis Khan was fighting with the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan died on A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Destruction And Effects After Conquests
There are many differing views of the amount of destruction Genghis Khan and his armies caused. The peoples that suffered the most during...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Uniting The Central Asian Confederations
Their main opponents were the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north and the Tatars to the east. By 1190, Temüjin and his advisor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Uniting The Central Asian Confederations
The main opponent of the Mongols by around c. 1100 were the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north and the Tatars to the east. By ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Uniting The Central Asian Confederations
The main opponent of the Mongols by around c. 1100 were the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north and the Tatars to the east. By ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1280s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1280s - Culture
1280s - Natural events. 1280 - The Wolf minimum of solar activity begins (approximate date). 1282 - The most recent eruption of Larder...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - The First Persian Empire To The Conquests Of Alexander The Great And The Greeks
Following the overthrow of the Median Empire, all of what is today Azerbaijan was invaded by the Persian king Cyrus in the 6th century BC...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tibet: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tibet - The Mongols And The Sakya Sa-skya School
After the Mongol Prince Köden took control of the Kokonor region in 1239, in order to investigate the possibility of attacking Song Chin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Independent Albania Roman-parthian Rivalry And Sassinian Conquest
This Albanian kingdom coalesced around a native Caucasian identity and a Zoroastrian religious background to forge a unique state in a re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Independence And The Civil War
At the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, an independent republic was proclaimed in Ganja on May 28, 1918 following an abortive atte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Uniting The Central Asian Confederations
The main opponent of the Mongols by around c. 1100 were the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north and the Tatars to the east. By...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Origins Of The Name Azerbaijan
The name Azerbaijan is believed to be derived from Atrupatan or "Atropatena" (in its Greek form). Atrupat (Atropates) was a satrap (gover...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Independent Khanates In The 18th Century
While civil conflicts took hold in Iran, most of Azerbaijan was occupied by the Ottomans in the 18th century. Meanwhile, the coastal stri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurultai: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurultai - Modern Usage
Various modern Turkic peoples use it in political or administrative sense, as a synonym for parliament, congress, council, assembly, conv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Legacy
Genghis Khan - In most of the world. Historians and scientists are looking into positive aspects of Genghis Khan's conquests. Genghis ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - The End Of Mongol Rule And The Black Sheep-white Sheep Rivalry
The last Il-khanid ruler, Abu Sa'id, died without an heir which led to the Ilkhan state's disintegration into small sultanates. The next ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Legacy
Genghis Khan - In most of the world. Historians and scientists are looking into positive aspects of Genghis Khan's conquests. Genghis ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Modern Descendents
A geneticist claims that Genghis Khan's 40-year policy of systematic rape of female prisoners led to 16m male descendants alive today who...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Eurasian Nomads In Pre-islamic Azerbaijan
The successive migration and settlement of Eurasian and Central Asian nomads continued to be a familiar pattern in the history of the Cau...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - The Local Shirvanshahs
The role of the Shirvanshah state was important in the national development of Azerbaijan (especially of northern Azerbaijan). The Shirva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Seljuqs And Successor States
The Seljuq period of Azerbaijan's history was possibly even more pivotal than the Arab conquest as it helped shape the ethno-linguistic n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Safavids And The Rise Of Shi'ism In Azerbaijan
The Safavid (Safaviyeh) were a Sufi religious order formed in 1330s by Sheikh Safi Al-Din (1252–1334), after whom it was eponymously na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Islamic Azerbaijan
Throughout its pre-Islamic history, Azerbaijan was subject to numerous invasions, but none so profoundly influential as that of the Musli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Ancient History
The cave of Azykh in the territory of the Fizuli district in the Republic of Azerbaijan is considered to be the site of one of the most a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Soviet Azerbaijan 1920-1941
After the surrender of the pro-British national government to Communist forces, Azerbaijan was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - World War Ii
During the 1940s, the Azerbaijan SSR supplied much of the Soviet Union's gas and oil during the war with Nazi Germany and was thus a stra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - Modernization And Persianization
Discrimination against the Arabic language in schools, media, and government would have been enough to incur the enmity of the Arabic-spe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Birth And Early Life
Little is known about his early years, but Temüjin was born sometime around 11621 in Hentiy, Mongolia. His birthplace was most likely th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Birth And Early Life
Little is known about his early years, but Temüjin was born sometime around 11621 in Hentiy, Mongolia. His birthplace was most likely th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - Iran-iraq War
Disruption in the central government made various Iranian regional separatists bolder. In 1980, six Khuzestani Arab separatists temporari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - Aftermath Of The War
Khuzestan was devastated by the war. What used to be Iran's largest refinery at Abadan was destroyed, never to fully recover. Many of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - The Elamites
Khuzestan was once inhabited by a people known as Elamites, who were neither Indo-European (like the Medes and Persians of the Iranian pl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - Centuries Of Local Rule
In 1393 Khuzestan was conquered by Tamerlane and afterwards seems to have been ruled by his successors, the Timurids. As the Timurid rule...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tajikistan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tajikistan - Arab Caliphate 710 Ad-867 Ad
The Transoxiana principalities never formed a viable confederacy. Beginning in 651 AD, the Arabs organized periodic marauding raids deep ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Albania And Media
Throughout much of its pre-Islamic history, Azerbaijan's northern portion was what became known as the state of Caucasian Albania, and it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Death And Burial
During his last campaign with the Tangut Empire during which Genghis Khan was fighting with the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan died on A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Genghis Khan - Death And Burial
During his last campaign with the Tangut Empire during which Genghis Khan was fighting with the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis Khan died on A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Russian Empire
At the beginning of Russian administration, the Tsars did not significantly interfere with local affairs and the migration of the Christi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Overview
The heritage, culture and civilization of Azerbaijan has both ancient and modern roots starting from the Middle Paleolithic period throug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Azerbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Azerbaijan - Soviet Union 1945-1991
Policies of de-Stalinization and improvement after the 1950s led to better education and welfare conditions for most of Azerbaijan. This ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - The British Century
Throughout the 19th century, Russia and Britain contended for control of Persia. Neither wished to conquer the country, and incur the exp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Mongols And The Yuan Dynasty
The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tajikistan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tajikistan - Tajikistan 1991-present Day
In short, Tajik identity has been once again challenged with the out-break of Civil War. There are different factors that caused the Civi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Mongols And The Yuan Dynasty
The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silk Road: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road - The Great Explorers: Europe Reaching For Asia
The disappearance of the Silk Road following the end of the Mongols was one of the main factors that stimulated the Europeans to reach th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silk Road: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road - Mongol Era
The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1215 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tibet: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tibet - Rise Of The Geluk Dge-lugs School
Lobsang Gyatso (Wylie transliteration: Blo-bzang Rgya-mtsho), the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, (1617-1682) was the first Dalai Lama to yield e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Formation
Genghis Khan, through political manipulation and military might, united the Mongol tribes under his rule by 1206. He quickly came into co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Disintegration
When Genghis Khan died, a major potential weakness of the system he had set up manifested itself. It took many months to summon the kurul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Disintegration
When Genghis Khan died, a major potential weakness of the system he had set up manifested itself. It took many months to summon the kurul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Silk Road
The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1215 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - Silk Road
The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1215 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan
Following are the Khanate in the way in which Genghis Khan created after his death were: Blue Horde and White Horde (combined into the G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan
At first, the Mongol Empire was ruled by Ogedei Khan,Genghis Khan'a third son and designated heir. But after his death in 1241, the fract...   » Read the article