Encyclopedia - Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Monasticism
Monasticism (from Greek: monachos—a solitary person) is the religious practice of renouncing all worldly pursuits in order to fully dev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Monasticism - Hindu Monasticism
In Hinduism, monastic tradition varies somewhat from sect to sect. Historically this path has been open to males only, but some tradition...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Monasticism - Islamic Monasticism
Although Islam denounces monasticism and celibacy, today one may encounter some Muslim traditions with innovative practices that have abs...   » Read the article

Article - Buddhist Monasticism
Monasticism is one of the most fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns are responsible for preserving and spreading Buddhist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - Monasticism
Although there were many yogis in Tibet, monasticism was the foundation of Buddhism. It's estimated that as much as 25% of the population...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Monasticism - Buddhist Monasticism
Main article: Buddhist monasticism The order of Buddhist monks and nuns was founded by Gautama Buddha during his lifetime of over 2500 ye...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monk: Encyclopedia - Monk
A monk is a person who practices monasticism, adopting a strict religious and ascetic lifestyle, usually in community with others followi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism
Monasticism in Christianity is a family of similar traditions that began to develop early in the history of the Christian Church, modeled...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Therapeutae: Encyclopedia - Therapeutae
The Therapeutae (meaning "healers" to Philo, "servants" to the Pseudo-Dionysius) and Therapeutridae (the female members of the sect) were...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Buddhist Monasticism
Monasticism is one of the most fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns are responsible for preserving and spreading Buddhist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hermit: Encyclopedia - Hermit
A hermit ἐρημίτης (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying "desert", "uninhabited", hence "desert-dweller") is a person...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthony The Great: Encyclopedia - Anthony The Great
Saint Anthony the Great (251 - 356), also known as Saint Anthony of Egypt, Saint Anthony of the Desert, Saint Anthony the Anchorite, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism — formerly also called Lamaism, after their religious gurus known as lamas — is the body of religious Buddhist doctr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity
Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe
John Wycliffe (also Wyclif, Wycliff, or Wickliffe) (c.1320 – December 31, 1384) was an English theologian and early proponent of reform...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church (encompassing national Orthodox jurisdictions such as Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc.—see Eastern Or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monastery: Encyclopedia - Monastery
A monastery is the habitation of monks, derived from the Greek word for a hermit's cell. Western Christian monasteries are also called ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cenobitic: Encyclopedia - Cenobitic
The cenobitic tradition is a monastic tradition that stresses community life. Often the community belongs to a religious order and the li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Swami Ranganathananda: Encyclopedia - Swami Ranganathananda
Swami Ranganathananda (b. December 15, 1908, Silwan, Trikkur, Kerala, as Shankaran Kutty; d. April 25, 2005, Kolkata) joined the Mysore b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Monasticism - Protestant Monasticism
The tradition of monasticism in the Protestant tradition remotes from John Wyclif who organized the Lollard Preacher Order (the "Poor Pri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Monasticism - Nature Of Monasticism
Christian monasticism was and continued to be a lay condition—monks depended on a local parish church for the sacraments. However, if t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monk: Encyclopedia Ii - Monk - Eastern Orthodox Monks
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, monasticism holds a very special and important place. Far more common than in the Roman Catholic Church, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Therapeutae: Encyclopedia Ii - Therapeutae - Forerunners Of Early Christian Monastic Orders
They lived chastely with utter simplicity; they "first of all laid down temperance as a sort of foundation for the soul to rest upon, pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Monasticism - Precursor Models Of The Christian Monastic Ideal
The ancient models of the modern Christian monastic ideal are the Nazirites and the prophets of Israel. A Nazirite was a person voluntari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Monasticism - Origins Of Christian Monasticism
Institutional Christian monasticism seems to have begun in the deserts in AD 4th century Egypt as a kind of living martyrdom. Scholars su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Monasticism - History
The first efforts to create a proto-monastery where by Saint Marcarius, who established individual cells, an example Kellia founded in 32...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Monasticism - History And Development
The order of Buddhist monks and nuns was founded by Gautama Buddha during his lifetime of over 2500 years ago. The Buddhist monastic life...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Monasticism - Monastic Life
The Buddhist monastic order is theoretically divided into two assemblies, the male bhikkhu assembley, and the female bhikkhuni assembly. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greco-buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Monasticism - Background
Emperor Ashoka convened the third Buddhist council around 250 BCE at Pataliputra (today's Patna). It was held by the monk Moggaliputta. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greco-buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Monasticism - Greeks Monks Under Ashoka
According to Edicts of Ashoka, Greek populations (generally described in ancient times throughout the Classical world as Yona, Yojanas or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greco-buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Monasticism - Greek Monks Under Menander
The Indo-Greek king Menander I (reigned 160- 135 BCE) had his capital in Sagala, in today’s northern Punjab, and is described by Strabo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Attack On Monasticism
His teachings concerning the danger attaching to the secularizing of the Church put Wycliffe into line with the mendicant orders, since i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monastery: Encyclopedia Ii - Monastery - Christian Monasteries
Christian monasticism started in Egypt. According to tradition, in the third century St. Anthony was the first Christian to adopt this li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthony The Great: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthony The Great - Saint Anthony By Athanasius
Most of what we know about the life of St Anthony is in the Greek vita by Athanasius (d. 373), which soon circulated in Latin. Several su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monastery: Encyclopedia Ii - Monastery - Etymology
The word monastery comes from the Greek "monasterion", from the root "monos" = one, or alone (originally all Christian monks were hermits...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions
Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting. Orthodox services are sung nearly in their entirety. Services consist in part of a dialog between t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monastery: Encyclopedia Ii - Monastery - Christian Monasteries
Christian monasticism started in Egypt. According to tradition, St. Anthony was the first Christian to adopt this lifestyle. After a shor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions
Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting. Orthodox services are sung nearly in their entirety. Services consist in part of a dialog between t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hermit: Encyclopedia Ii - Hermit - Hermits In Religion
From a religious point of view, the solitary life is a form of asceticism, wherein the hermit renounces wordly concerns and pleasures in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monastery: Encyclopedia Ii - Monastery - Buddhist Monasteries
Buddhist monasteries, known as vihara, emerged from the practice of vassa, the retreat undertaken by Buddhist monks and nuns during the S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Early Career
When he was presented by the college (1361) with the parish of Fylingham in Lincolnshire, he had to give up the leadership of Balliol, th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religion In The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The United Kingdom - History
Religion in the United Kingdom - Before Christianity. Paganism in the British Isles was supplemented by the arrival of Roman religion: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Coptic Christianity - History
Egypt is often identified as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he arose, he took the young ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Coptic Christianity - History
Egypt is often identified as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he arose, he took the young ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Christianity & The Church
We can be sure that at least all of northern Britain, except the Scandinavian far north and west was Christian by the tenth century. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hermit: Encyclopedia Ii - Hermit - Hermits In Philosophy
Friedrich Nietzsche, in his influential work Thus Spoke Zarathustra, created the character of the hermit Zarathustra (named after the Zor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - Distinguishing Characteristics
Tibetan Buddhism may be distinguished from other schools of Tantric Buddhism by a number of unique traits including: belief in reincarna...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - Rituals And Ritual Objects
Tantric practitioners make use of special rituals and objects. Meditation is an important function which may be aided by the use of certa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - Traditions/orders/sects Of Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism has four main traditions (the suffix pa is comparable to "er" in English): Nyingma(pa), The Ancient Ones, the oldest an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - Schools/tenets Of Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhists divide buddhist philosophy as transmitted from India into four main schools of philosophical tenets: Two are Hinayana (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - History Of Tibetan Buddhism
Certain Buddhist scriptures arrived in southern Tibet from India as early as 173 CE during the reign of Thothori Nyantsen, the 28th king ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhism - History Of Tibetan Buddhism
Certain Buddhist scriptures arrived in southern Tibet from India as early as 173 CE during the reign of Thothori Nyantsen, the 28th king ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saint Seraphim Of Sarov: Encyclopedia Ii - Saint Seraphim Of Sarov - Life
Seraphim's parents, Isidore and Agathia Moshnin lived in Kursk, Russia. His father Isidore was a merchant, but Seraphim had little intere...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Religion
High Middle Ages - The Church. The East-West Schism of 1054 formally separated the Christian church into two parts: Western Catholicism...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Trade And Commerce
In Northern Europe, the Hanseatic League was founded in the 12th century, with the foundation of the city of Lübeck in 1158–1159. Many...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Technology
During the 12th and 13th century in Europe there was a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religion In The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The United Kingdom - Statistics
In the 2001 census data, people were asked about their beliefs. Religion in the United Kingdom - Religions in England & Wales 2001. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Demographics
The population of Scotland in this period is unknown. Not until 1755 do we get reliable information about the population of Scotland, whe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - National Identity
In this period, the word Scot was not the word used by vast majority of Scots to describe themselves. This was in fact only the word they...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - Art And Architecture
Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings. The church building has many symbolic meanings. Perhaps the oldest and most prominent is th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Historiography
Scotland in this period, for such a small region of Eurasia, is relatively well studied in this period. New works come out every year, an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - Art And Architecture
Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings. The church building has many symbolic meanings. Perhaps the oldest and most prominent is th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Geography
Neither the political nor the theoretical boundaries of Scotland in this period, as both Alba and Scotia, corresponded exactly to modern ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - History
Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church. Christianity first spread in the predominantly Greek-speaking eastern half of the Roman Emp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - History
Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church. Christianity first spread in the predominantly Greek-speaking eastern half of the Roman Emp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs
Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity. Orthodox Christians believe in a single God who is both three and one (triune): Father, Son, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Historical Events And Politics
High Middle Ages - Britain. Main article: Britain in the Middle Ages In England, the Norman Conquest of 1066 resulted in a kingdom ru...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs
Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity. Orthodox Christians believe in a single God who is both three and one (triune): Father, Son, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Culture
High Middle Ages - Art. Main article: Medieval art Art in the High Middle Ages includes these major periods or movements: Romanesque...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Economy
The Scottish economy of this period was dominated by agriculture and by short-distance, local trade. There was an increasing amount of fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Law And Government
Early Gaelic law tracts, first written down in the ninth century, reveal a society highly concerned with kinship, status, honour and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Military
After the "Norman Conquest" of David I, the warriors of Scotland can be classed as of two types. Firstly, the native exercitus Scoticanus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Culture
As a predominantly Gaelic society, most Scottish cultural practices throughout this period mirrored closely those of Ireland, or at least...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Other Kingdoms
Amidst the genre of National histories and the scholarly desire to explain and legitimise modern national entities, it is easy to forget ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Historical Events And Politics
High Middle Ages - Britain. Main article: Britain in the Middle Ages and Scotland in the High Middle Ages In England, the Norman Conq...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monk: Encyclopedia Ii - Monk - Roman Catholic Monks
In the Roman Catholic Church the process of becoming a monk is marked by several distinct stages, which may vary depending on the particu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotland In The High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotland In The High Middle Ages - Kingdom Of Alba Or Scotia
Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Gaelic kings: Domnall II to Alexander I. King Domnall II was the first man to have been called rí A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dharmaraksita: Encyclopedia Ii - Dharmaraksita - Dharmaraksita And Punabbasukutumbikaputta Tissa Thera
In another Pali reference, a Buddhist monk from Sri Lanka named Punabbasukutumbikaputta Tissa Thera is said to have been to India in orde...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dharmaraksita: Encyclopedia Ii - Dharmaraksita - Dharmaraksita And The Milinda Panha
The Milinda Panha is another famous non-canonical Pali Buddhist text that describes the religious dialogues between the famous Indo-Greek...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dharmaraksita: Encyclopedia Ii - Dharmaraksita - A Greek Buddhist Missionary
The efforts of Emperor Ashoka to spread the Buddhist faith are described in the Edicts of Ashoka carved during his reign on stone pillars...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monk: Encyclopedia Ii - Monk - Vaishnava Monks
Similar in appearance to Buddhist monks, monks from the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), or Hare Krishnas as the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Coptic Christianity - Coptic Christianity Today
The current Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of the Holy See of Saint Mark is Pope Shenouda III (his title should not...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Relation To The English Bible
Wycliffe believed that the Bible ought to be the common possession of all Christians, and needed to be made available for common use in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Anti-wycliffe Synod
In the summer of 1381 Wycliffe formulated his doctrine of the Lord's Supper in twelve short sentences, and made it a duty to advocate it ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Wycliffe's Doctrines
Wycliffe's first encounter with the official Church of his time was prompted by his zeal in the interests of the State. His first tracts ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monk: Encyclopedia Ii - Monk - Anglican Monks
A small but hugely influential aspect of Anglicanism is its religious orders of monks. Shortly after the beginning of the revival of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Basal Positions In Philosophy
Wycliffe earned his great repute as a philosopher at an early date. Henry Knighton says that in philosophy he was second to none, and in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Coptic Christianity - Coptic Christianity Today
The current Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of the Holy See of Saint Mark is Pope Shenouda III (his title should not...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Early Life
His family was of early Anglo-Saxon origin, long settled in Yorkshire. In his time the family was a large one, covering a considerable te...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Bases Of His Reformatory Activities
It was not as a teacher or preacher that Wycliffe gained his position in history; this came from his activities in ecclesiastical politic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Political Career
The Reformer's entrance upon the stage of ecclesiastical politics is usually related to the question of feudal tribute to which England h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Statement Regarding Royal Power
It would be a mistake to assume that Wycliffe's doctrine of the Church – which made so great an impression upon Jan Hus, who adopted it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Continual Prayer: Encyclopedia Ii - Continual Prayer - The Early Monastic Tradition Of 24-7 Prayer
For over one thousand years monasticism (the practice of taking vows of poverty, chastity and obedience to one’s spiritual superior) he...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Wycliffe And The Papacy
The books and tracts of Wycliffe's last six years include continual attacks upon the papacy and the entire hierarchy of his times. Each y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Last Days
He returned to Lutterworth, and sent out tracts against the monks and Urban VI, since the latter, contrary to the hopes of Wycliffe, had ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia Ii - John Wycliffe - Wycliffe And The Papacy
The books and tracts of Wycliffe's last six years include continual attacks upon the papacy and the entire hierarchy of his times. Each y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rule Of St Benedict: Encyclopedia Ii - Rule Of St Benedict - Origins
Christian monasticism first appeared in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire a few generations before Benedict, in the Egyptian desert. U...   » Read the article

Dictionary - John Wycliff: New Age Spirituality Dictionary On John Wycliff
John Wycliff (1326-84) English Catholic reformer and theologian who inspired one of the early efforts at translating the Bible into En...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Monasticism - Christian Monasticism
Main article: Christian monasticism Monasticism in Christianity is a family of similar traditions that began to develop early in the hist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Monasticism - Monasticism In Other Religions
Sikhism specifically forbids the practice of monasticism. Hence there are no Sikh monk conclaves or brotherhoods. Manichaeism had two typ...   » Read the article