Monasticism

Monasticism (from Greek: monachos—a solitary person) is the religious practice of renouncing all worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work. Many religions have monastic elements, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Jainism, though the expressions differ considerably. Those pursuing a monastic life are usually called monks or brothers (male), and nuns or sisters (female). Both m ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia II - Monasticism - Hindu monasticism In Hinduism, monastic tradition varies somewhat from sect to sect. Historically this path has been open to males only, but some traditions now accept female renunciates as well. Hindu monks are called Sadhus and in most traditions are easily recognized by their saffron robes. Vaisnava monks shave their heads except for a small patch of hair on the back of the head, while Saivite monks in mos ...

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Buddhist monasticism - History and Development
Buddhist monasticism - Monastic Life
Buddhist monasticism - Local Variations

Buddhist monasticism - East Asia
Buddhist monasticism - Southeast Asia

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Read more here: » Monk: Encyclopedia - Monk

Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Christian monasticism

Monasticism in Christianity is a family of similar traditions that began to develop early in the history of the Christian Church, modeled upon scriptural examples and ideals, but not mandated as an institution by the Scriptures. While most people think of Christian or Catholic monks or nuns as "something to do with living in a monastery", from the Church's point of view the focus has nothing to do with living in a monastery or performing any specific activity, rather the focus is on an ideal called the religious life, also called the ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Therapeutae

The Therapeutae (meaning "healers" to Philo, "servants" to the Pseudo-Dionysius) and Therapeutridae (the female members of the sect) were an early pre-Christian coenobitic order that the Hellenized Jewish writer Philo of Alexandria knew from personal experience were established on a low hill by the Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria, the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt. Other communities of Therapeutae were widely established in other regions, Philo understood, for "this class of persons may be met with in many places, for both Greece and barbarian countries want to ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Buddhist monasticism

Monasticism is one of the most fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns are responsible for preserving and spreading Buddhist teachings, as well as educating and guiding Buddhist lay followers. The ultimate goal of Buddhist monasticism is liberation from the cycle of rebirth through Nirvana. Collectively, the ordained male and female Buddhist monastics constitute two of the four groups that compose the Buddhist sangha (the other two groups being male and female lay followers). All four groups are seen as being important an ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Hermit

A hermit ἐρημίτης (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying "desert", "uninhabited", hence "desert-dweller") is a person who lives to some greater or lesser degree in seclusion and/or isolation from society. Originally the term was applied to a Christian who lives the eremitic life out of a religious conviction, namely the Desert Theology of the Old Testament (i.e. the 40 years wandering in the desert that ...

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Read more here: » Hermit: Encyclopedia - Hermit

Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Anthony the Great

Saint Anthony the Great (251 - 356), also known as Saint Anthony of Egypt, Saint Anthony of the Desert, Saint Anthony the Anchorite, and The Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint the outstanding leader among the Desert Fathers, who were Christian monks in the Egyptian desert in the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D. His feast day is celebrated on January 17th in some churches, but celebrated on Tobi 22 (January 31) in the Coptic Orthodox Church which has the closest cultural and geographical ties to him. < ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism — formerly also called Lamaism, after their religious gurus known as lamas — is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and the Himalayan region. It is a multifaceted and integrated teaching, naturally implementing methods for all human-condition levels: Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana (Tantric Path) and Ati Yoga (Dzogchen). Tibetan Buddhism - Distinguishing characteristics. Tibetan Buddhism may be distinguished from other schools of Tantric ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity

Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately 42). The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodoxy, and the see of Alexandria in Coptic Christianity has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Her leader is the Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of the Holy See of Saint Mark, currently Pope Shenouda III. More than 95% of Egypt's Christians belong to the Coptic Orthodox C ...

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Coptic Christianity - History

Monasticism: Encyclopedia - John Wycliffe

John Wycliffe (also Wyclif, Wycliff, or Wickliffe) (c.1320 – December 31, 1384) was an English theologian and early proponent of reform in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. He made an English translation of the Bible in one complete edition and is considered a precursor of the Protestant Reformation. Wycliffe was born at Ipreswell (modern Hipswell), Yorkshire, England, between 1320 and 1330 and died at Lutterworth (near Leicester) in 1384. Wycliffe also lived during the black plague. < ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church (encompassing national Orthodox jurisdictions such as Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc.—see Eastern Orthodox Church organization) is a body of Christians which claims origins extending directly back to Jesus and his Apostles through unbroken Apostolic Succession. Its doctrines were formalized through a series of church councils, the most authoritative being the Seven Ecumenical Councils held between the 4th and 8th centuries. These councils were convened out of the necessity to resolve conflicts that ...

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Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs

Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and Architecture

Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions

Eastern Orthodox Church - History

Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Monastery

A monastery is the habitation of monks, derived from the Greek word for a hermit's cell. Western Christian monasteries are also called abbey, priory, charterhouse, friary, and preceptory, while the habitation of nuns can also be called a convent. The number of dedicated monastics in any religion has waxed and waned due to many factors. There have been Christian monasteries such as "The Cappadocian Caves" that used to shelter upwards of 50,000 monks, or St Pantelaimon's on the "Holy Mountain" in Greece, which had 30,000 in its h ...

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Monastery - Buddhist monasteries

Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Cenobitic

The cenobitic tradition is a monastic tradition that stresses community life. Often the community belongs to a religious order and the life of the cenobitic monk is regulated by rules. The opposite, to live as a hermit, is called eremetic. Cenobite and cenobitic are derived, via Latin from the Greek words κοινός and βίος (koinos and bios meaning "common" and "life"). The adjective is κοινοβιακόν in Greek. The group of monks is often referred to as a 'cenobium'. Cenobitic monasticism exists in various religions, though Buddhist and Christi ...

Monasticism: Encyclopedia - Swami Ranganathananda

Swami Ranganathananda (b. December 15, 1908, Silwan, Trikkur, Kerala, as Shankaran Kutty; d. April 25, 2005, Kolkata) joined the Mysore branch of Ramakrishna Math in 1926. He obtained his final vows of monasticism from Swami Shivananda(also known as Mahapurush Maharaj) in 1933. He spent the first 12 years of monasticism in Mysore and Bangalore branches. He served there as the cook, personal attendant to Swami Siddheswaranandaji, garden worker etc.. He rendered remarkable service as the secretary and librarian at the Rangoon bra ...

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Monasticism: Encyclopedia II - Christian monasticism - Protestant Monasticism

The tradition of monasticism in the Protestant tradition remotes from John Wyclif who organized the Lollard Preacher Order (the "Poor Priests") to promote his reformation views. During the Reformation the teachings of Luther led to the end the monasteries, but a few Protestants followed monastic lives. Christian monasticism - Anglican Communion. A small but hugely influential aspect of Anglicanism is its religious orders of monks and nuns, Brothers and Sisters. Shortly after the ...

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