Monarchianism

View found primarily in the third century that argued that because God's nature is one He cannot exist eternally in three Persons as the Trinitarians claimed.

The two most popular forms of monarchianism were dynamic monarchianism and modalism.

(See also: Monarchianism , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Monarchianism, or Monarchism as it is sometimes called, is a set of beliefs that emphasize God as being one, that God is the single and only ruler. This emphasis conflicted with the doctrine of the Trinity, of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Models of resolving the tension between the two principles in favour of God's oneness were proposed in the 2nd century, but rejected as heretical by the Church. Monarchianism in-and-of itself is not a complete theory of the relation of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, bu ...

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A Christian theological definition of Monarchianism according to CARM - The Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry:

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Monarchianism

See also: Monarchianism , Christianity, Body Mind and Soul

Oneness Pentecostalism

A schism that emerged from the mainstream Pentecostal movement during the years 1914Ð1916. Unlike traditional Pentecostals, ÒOnenessÓ followers maintain view similar to Monarchianism. In addition, most Oneness Pentecostal organizations also teach that speaking in tongues, baptism, and maintaining various moral ÒstandardsÓ are necessary for salvation.

(See also: Oneness Pentecostalism , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Unitarianism

1)    The doctrine that God is exclusively one person. Unlike monarchianism or modalism, which view Jesus as a manifestation of the unipersonal God, or subordinationism, which views Jesus as a secondary divine being , Unitarianism views Jesus as a mere human being.

2)    The Unitarian movement that originated in late 18th-century New England and to the denominational body that merged with the Universalists in the 20th century to form the Unitarian-Universalist Association.

(See also: Unitarianism , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Patripassianism

Name for a kind of modalism or monarchianism; the word means that the Father (patri-) suffered and died (-passian) on the cross.

(See also: Patripassianism , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Dynamic Monarchianism

A late second-century doctrine denying the Trinity, put forth by Theodotue of Byzantium and later adoped in modified forms by Paul of Samosata, Noetus and Prazeas.

(See also: Dynamic Monarchianism , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Monarchianism

View found primarily in the third century that argued that because God's nature is one He cannot exist eternally in three Persons as the Trinitarians claimed.

The two most popular forms of monarchianism were dynamic monarchianism and modalism.

(See also: Monarchianism , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Adoptionism, or adoptianism, is a doctrine of Christianity that claims Christ was the son of God in nature, and only adopted the form of humanity. As the theological doctrine of the Logos which bulks so largely in the writings of the apologists of the 2nd century came to the front, the trinitarian problem became acute. The necessity of a constant protest against polytheism led to a tenacious insistence on the divine unity, and the task was to reconcile this unity with the deity of Christ. Some thinkers fell back on the "modalis ...

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Paul of Samosata, patriarch of Antioch (260-269), Paul of Samosata - Life. Paul was born at Samosata into a family of humble origin. He was elected bishop of Antioch in 260 but aroused controversy with his Monarchianist teachings. In 269, seventy bishops, priests and deacons assembled at Antioch and deposed Paul as bishop and elected Domnus as his successor. They also wrote a encyclical letter to Dionysius and Maximus, bishops of Rome and Alexandria respectively. This letter is the only indisputably ...

Including:

• Paul of Samosata - Life
• Paul of Samosata - Teachings

Read more here: » Paul of Samosata: Encyclopedia - Paul of Samosata

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian ...

Including:

• Christian theological controversy - Background
• Christian theological controversy - Pre-Reformational distinctions
• Christian theological controversy - Post-Reformation distinctions
• Christian theological controversy - Present-day distinctions

Read more here: » Christian theological controversy: Encyclopedia - Christian theological controversy

Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a "theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the catholic or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. By extension, [heresy is an] opinion or doctrine in philosophy, politics, science, art, etc., at variance with those generally accepted as authoritative." Heresy - Etymology. The word "heresy" comes from ...

Including:

• Heresy - Etymology
• Heresy - Religious heresy
• Heresy - Christianity
• Heresy - Heresy in Judaism
• Heresy - Heresy in Islam
• Heresy - Contemporary heresy

Read more here: » Heresy: Encyclopedia - Heresy

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominat ...

Including:

• History of Christianity - Roots of Christianity
• History of Christianity - The Jewish background
• History of Christianity - The Life of Jesus of Nazareth
• History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity
• History of Christianity - The Earliest Church
• History of Christianity - Break with Judaism
• History of Christianity - The Martyrs
• History of Christianity - The Apologists
• History of Christianity - House Churches
• History of Christianity - The writings of the New Testament apocrypha
• History of Christianity - Early heresies
• History of Christianity - Gnosticism
• History of Christianity - Competing religions
• History of Christianity - Second and third centuries
• History of Christianity - Fourth century
• History of Christianity - Development of the canon of scripture
• History of Christianity - Christianity legalized in the Roman Empire
• History of Christianity - The Christological controversies
• History of Christianity - Fifth century
• History of Christianity - The conversion of the Mediterranean world
• History of Christianity - Developing Christianity outside the Mediterranean world
• History of Christianity - The development of the Papacy
• History of Christianity - The rise of Islam
• History of Christianity - Persecutions
• History of Christianity - Spread of Christianity to central and eastern Europe
• History of Christianity - Church and state in the Medieval west
• History of Christianity - Schisms between East and West
• History of Christianity - The later Middle Ages
• History of Christianity - Early America
• History of Christianity - The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation
• History of Christianity - Protestantism and the Rise of Denominationalism
• History of Christianity - 19th century
• History of Christianity - Anti-clericalism and atheistic communism
• History of Christianity - 20th century
• History of Christianity - Catholic reforms
• History of Christianity - Non-Catholic developments
• History of Christianity - The spread of secularism
• History of Christianity - 21st century
• History of Christianity - Historiography
• History of Christianity - Print resources

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Debatably and Biblically speaking, Christianity began with the Messianic promise (Gen 3:15) at the dawn of creation and therefore with Adam and Eve, the first people with faith in the Messiah (Christ) to come. It then follows the history of those peoples, mostly the Jewish "nation," who kept that faith. The term "Christian" itself is however not really recognized until the first century AD at Antioch as recorded in Acts 11:26. By way of secular history, Christianity began among a small number of Jews and Jewish Proselytes. Acts of the ...

See also:

History of Christianity, History of Christianity - Roots of Christianity, History of Christianity - The Jewish background, History of Christianity - The Life of Jesus of Nazareth, History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity, History of Christianity - The Earliest Church, History of Christianity - The Martyrs, History of Christianity - The Apologists, History of Christianity - House Churches, History of Christianity - The writings of the New Testament apocrypha, History of Christianity - Early heresies, History of Christianity - Gnosticism, History of Christianity - Competing religions, History of Christianity - Second and third centuries, History of Christianity - Fourth century, History of Christianity - Development of the canon of scripture, History of Christianity - Christianity legalized in the Roman Empire, History of Christianity - The Christological controversies, History of Christianity - Fifth century, History of Christianity - The conversion of the Mediterranean world, History of Christianity - Developing Christianity outside the Mediterranean world, History of Christianity - The development of the Papacy, History of Christianity - The rise of Islam, History of Christianity - Persecutions, History of Christianity - Spread of Christianity to central and eastern Europe, History of Christianity - Church and state in the Medieval west, History of Christianity - Schisms between East and West, History of Christianity - The later Middle Ages, History of Christianity - Early America, History of Christianity - The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation, History of Christianity - Protestantism and the Rise of Denominationalism, History of Christianity - 19th century, History of Christianity - Anti-clericalism and atheistic communism, History of Christianity - 20th century, History of Christianity - Catholic reforms, History of Christianity - Non-Catholic developments, History of Christianity - The spread of secularism, History of Christianity - 21st century, History of Christianity - Historiography, History of Christianity - Print resources

Read more here: » History of Christianity: Encyclopedia II - History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity

Nontrinitarians claim the roots of their position go back farther than those of their counterpart trinitarians. Some ancient sects, such as the Ebionites, said that Jesus was not a Son of God but rather an ordinary man who was a prophet, a view of Jesus shared by Islam. The biblical basis for each side of the issue is debated chiefly on the question of the divinity of Jesus. Nontrinitarians note that in deference to God, Jesus rejected even being called "good", that he disavowed omniscience as the Son, and that he referred to ascending unto ...

See also:

Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Forms of Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Origins and basis for Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Alleged pagan basis for Trinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Hellenic influences on Christian thought, Nontrinitarianism - Debate over Nontrinitarianism's Christian status, Nontrinitarianism - Nontrinitarian groups, Nontrinitarianism - Other groups which reject the Trinity doctrine, Nontrinitarianism - Nontrinitarian people

Read more here: » Nontrinitarianism: Encyclopedia II - Nontrinitarianism - Origins and basis for Nontrinitarianism

Nontrinitarians claim the roots of their position go back farther than those of their counterpart trinitarians. Some ancient sects, such as the Ebionites, said that Jesus was not a Son of God but rather an ordinary man who was a prophet, a view of Jesus shared by Islam. The biblical basis for each side of the issue is debated chiefly on the question of the divinity of Jesus. Nontrinitarians note that in deference to God, Jesus rejected even being called "good", that he disavowed omniscience as the Son, and that he referred to ascending unto ...

See also:

Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Forms of Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Origins and basis for Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Alleged pagan basis for Trinitarianism, Nontrinitarianism - Hellenic influences on Christian thought, Nontrinitarianism - Debate over Nontrinitarianism's Christian status, Nontrinitarianism - Nontrinitarian groups, Nontrinitarianism - Other groups which reject the Trinity doctrine, Nontrinitarianism - Notable nontrinitarian people

Read more here: » Nontrinitarianism: Encyclopedia II - Nontrinitarianism - Origins and basis for Nontrinitarianism

One difficulty is to find the meaning of the original languages in which the scriptures were written. In order to obtain a full understanding of the original writing, it is necessary either to learn these original languages, or to rely on translations. However, translational difficulties occasionally arise, in part due to the non-literal meanings of some words in the original text and the difficulty in transliterating them into a different cultural setting. Another difficulty is determining the context in which the original words were ...

See also:

Christian theological controversy, Christian theological controversy - Background, Christian theological controversy - Pre-Reformational distinctions, Christian theological controversy - Post-Reformation distinctions, Christian theological controversy - Present-day distinctions

Read more here: » Christian theological controversy: Encyclopedia II - Christian theological controversy - Background

Heresy - Christianity. The use of the term heresy in the context of Christianity is less common today, with some notable exceptions: see for example Rudolf Bultmann and the character of debates over ordaining women and gay priests. Popular imagination relegates "heresy" to the Middle Ages, when the Church's power in Europe was at its height, but the case of the scholar and humanist Giordano Bruno was not the last execution for heresy. Heresy remained an officially punishable offense in Roman Catholi ...

See also:

Heresy, Heresy - Etymology, Heresy - Religious heresy, Heresy - Christianity, Heresy - Heresy in Judaism, Heresy - Heresy in Islam, Heresy - Contemporary heresy

Read more here: » Heresy: Encyclopedia II - Heresy - Religious heresy

Christianity began among a small number of Jews and Jewish Proselytes. Acts of the Apostles 1:15 says about 120. By the third century AD, Christianity had grown to become the dominant religion of the northern Mediterranean world. It also gained important extensions to the east and south of the Mediterranean. The core History of the Roman Catholic Church is said to extend in an unbroken timeline from this period. This section will examine those first 300 ...

See also:

History of Christianity, History of Christianity - Roots of Christianity, History of Christianity - The Jewish background, History of Christianity - The Life of Jesus of Nazareth, History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity, History of Christianity - The Earliest Church, History of Christianity - Break with Judaism, History of Christianity - The Martyrs, History of Christianity - The Apologists, History of Christianity - House Churches, History of Christianity - The writings of the New Testament apocrypha, History of Christianity - Early heresies, History of Christianity - Gnosticism, History of Christianity - Competing religions, History of Christianity - Second and third centuries, History of Christianity - Fourth century, History of Christianity - Development of the canon of scripture, History of Christianity - Christianity legalized in the Roman Empire, History of Christianity - The Christological controversies, History of Christianity - Fifth century, History of Christianity - The conversion of the Mediterranean world, History of Christianity - Developing Christianity outside the Mediterranean world, History of Christianity - The development of the Papacy, History of Christianity - The rise of Islam, History of Christianity - Persecutions, History of Christianity - Spread of Christianity to central and eastern Europe, History of Christianity - Church and state in the Medieval west, History of Christianity - Schisms between East and West, History of Christianity - The later Middle Ages, History of Christianity - Early America, History of Christianity - The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation, History of Christianity - Protestantism and the Rise of Denominationalism, History of Christianity - 19th century, History of Christianity - Anti-clericalism and atheistic communism, History of Christianity - 20th century, History of Christianity - Catholic reforms, History of Christianity - Non-Catholic developments, History of Christianity - The spread of secularism, History of Christianity - 21st century, History of Christianity - Historiography, History of Christianity - Print resources

Read more here: » History of Christianity: Encyclopedia II - History of Christianity - The earliest emergence of Christianity

Paul was born at Samosata into a family of humble origin. He was elected bishop of Antioch in 260 but aroused controversy with his Monarchianist teachings. In 269, seventy bishops, priests and deacons assembled at Antioch and deposed Paul as bishop and elected Domnus as his successor. They also wrote a encyclical letter to Dionysius and Maximus, bishops of Rome and Alexandria respectively. This letter is the only indisputably contemporary document concerning him and was preserved in Eusebius of Caesarea's Ecc ...

See also:

Paul of Samosata, Paul of Samosata - Life, Paul of Samosata - Teachings

Read more here: » Paul of Samosata: Encyclopedia II - Paul of Samosata - Life