moment

Pak evolved on a planet near the core of the galaxy. Increased radiation levels at the core cause severe mutations that can destabilize the evolution process. As a result, the Pak evolved a mechanism to eliminate dangerous mutations from the population. That mechanism is the protector stage. Pak go through three stages of development: Child, Breeder and Protector. Child Pak are sexually immature and ...

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Pak Protector, Pak Protector - The Pak species, Pak Protector - Tree Of Life, Pak Protector - Protector behaviour, Pak Protector - The Pak and Humanity, Pak Protector - Narrative purpose

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The graph shows that the greatest amount of lift is produced just before the critical angle of attack is reached (which in early 20th century aviation was called the "burble point"). This angle is 17.5 degrees in this case but changes from aircraft to aircraft. The graph shows that as the critical angle of attack is exceeded, the lift produced by the wing decreases significantly. The aerofoil is now stalled. Note that this graph shows the stall angle, yet in practice most pilots discuss stalling in terms of airspeed. This is because i ...

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Stall flight, Stall flight - Rigorous definition, Stall flight - Graph, Stall flight - Aerodynamic description of a stall

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White noise - White random vector. A random vector is a white random vector if and only if its mean vector and autocorrelation matrix are the following: I.e., it is a zero mean random vector, and its autocorrelation matrix is a multiple of the identity matrix. When the autocorrelation matrix is a multiple of the identity, we say that it has spherical correlation.

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White noise, White noise - Statistical properties, White noise - Colors of noise, White noise - Applications, White noise - Mathematical definition, White noise - White random vector, White noise - White random process white noise, White noise - Random vector transformations, White noise - Simulating a random vector, White noise - Whitening a random vector, White noise - Random signal transformations, White noise - Simulating a continuous-time random signal, White noise - Whitening a continuous-time random signal, White noise - External link

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The best place for building a dam is a narrow part of a deep river valley; the valley sides can then act as natural walls. The primary function of the dam's structure is to fill the gap in the natural reservoir line left by the stream channel. The sites are usually those where the gap becomes a minimum for the required storage capacity. The most economical arrangement is often a composite structure such as a masonry dam flanked by earth embankments. The current use of t ...

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Dam, Dam - Types of dams, Dam - Diversionary dams, Dam - Timber dams, Dam - Embankment dams, Dam - Masonry dams, Dam - Cofferdams, Dam - Spillways, Dam - Other considerations, Dam - Environmental impacts, Dam - Stream flow, Dam - Barrier to migration, Dam - Water quality impacts, Dam - Examples of dams, Dam - Failed dams

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There are a number of crystalline materials that exhibit ferromagnetism (or ferrimagnetism). The table, at right, lists a representative selection of them here, along with their Curie temperatures, the temperature above which they cease to exhibit spontaneous magnetization (see below). Ferromagnetic metal alloys whose constituents are not themselves ferromagnetic in their pure forms are called Heusler alloys, named after Fritz Heusler. One can also make amorphous (non-crystalline) ferromagnetic metallic alloys by very rapid que ...

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Ferromagnetism, Ferromagnetism - Ferromagnetic materials, Ferromagnetism - Physical origin, Ferromagnetism - Unusual ferromagnetism

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In 2004, it was reported that a certain allotrope of carbon, nanofoam, exhibited ferromagnetism. The effect dissipates after a few hours at room temperature, but lasts longer at cold temperatures. The material is also a semiconductor. It is thought that other similarly-formed materials, such as isoelectronic compounds of boron and nitrogen, may also be ferromagnetic. The alloy ZnZr2 is also ferromagnetic below 28.5 K. ...

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Ferromagnetism, Ferromagnetism - Ferromagnetic materials, Ferromagnetism - Physical origin, Ferromagnetism - Unusual ferromagnetism

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In the case when there are d parameters, thus making θ a vector of length d, then the Fisher information matrix (FIM) is defined as having the (i,j) element as The FIM is a symmetric matrix. Fisher information - For multivariate normal distribution. The FIM for a multivariate normal distribution takes a special formulation. The (m,n)See also:

Fisher information, Fisher information - Matrix form, Fisher information - For multivariate normal distribution, Fisher information - Example: single parameter, Fisher information - Physical information, Fisher information - Books

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A solid body immersed in a fluid will have an upward buoyant force acting on it equal to the weight of displaced fluid. This is due to the hydrostatic pressure in the fluid. In the case of a container ship, for instance, its weight force is balanced by a buoyant force from the displaced water, allowing it to float. If more cargo is loaded onto the ship, it would sit lower in the water - displacing more water and thus receive a higher buoyant force to balance the increased weight force. Discovery of the principle of buoyancy is attributed to Archimedes. < ...

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Fluid statics, Fluid statics - Static pressure in fluids, Fluid statics - Hydrostatic pressure, Fluid statics - Atmospheric pressure, Fluid statics - Buoyancy, Fluid statics - Stability, Fluid statics - Liquids-fluids with free surfaces, Fluid statics - Surface tension effects

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A spillway is a section of a dam designed to pass water from the upstream side of a dam to the downstream side. Many spillways have floodgates designed to control the flow through the spillway. A service spillway or primary spillway passes normal flow. An auxiliary spillway releases flow in excess of the capacity of the service spillway. An emergency spillway is designed for extreme conditions, such as a serious malfunction of the service spillway. A fuse-plug spillway is a low embankment designed to be overtopped and washed aw ...

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Dam, Dam - Types of dams, Dam - Diversionary dams, Dam - Timber dams, Dam - Embankment dams, Dam - Masonry dams, Dam - Cofferdams, Dam - Spillways, Dam - Other considerations, Dam - Environmental impacts, Dam - Stream flow, Dam - Barrier to migration, Dam - Water quality impacts, Dam - Examples of dams, Dam - Failed dams

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Euler, with Daniel Bernoulli, established the law that the torque on a thin elastic beam is proportional to a measure of the elasticity of the material and the second moment of area of a cross section, about an axis through the center of mass and perpendicular to the plane of the moment, see Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. He also deduced the Euler equations, a set of laws of motion in fluid dynamics, directly from Newton's laws of motion. These equations are formally identical to the Navier-Stokes equations with zero viscosity. They are interesting ch ...

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Leonhard Euler, Leonhard Euler - Biography, Leonhard Euler - Discoveries, Leonhard Euler - Honours, Leonhard Euler - Quotes

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(Source: Canadian Geographic) More than half of the world’s large rivers have been dammed, regulating and flooding approximately 400,000 square kilometres of land worldwide. These diversions have an effect on diverse ecosystems and habitats around the globe, replacing them with uniform structures and reservoirs and ultimately changing the way otherwise balanced, stable ecosystems function.

Dam, Dam - Types of dams, Dam - Diversionary dams, Dam - Timber dams, Dam - Embankment dams, Dam - Masonry dams, Dam - Cofferdams, Dam - Spillways, Dam - Other considerations, Dam - Environmental impacts, Dam - Stream flow, Dam - Barrier to migration, Dam - Water quality impacts, Dam - Examples of dams, Dam - Failed dams

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Dipole - Magnitude. The strength, B, of a dipole magnetic field is given by: where: B is the strength of the field, measured in teslas r is the distance from the center, measured in metres λ is the magnetic latitude (90°-θ) where θ = magnetic colatitude, measured in radians or degrees from the dipole axis (magnetic colatitude is 0 along the dipole's axis and 90° in the plane perpendicular to its axis) ...

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Dipole, Dipole - Alignment of a dipole to an applied field, Dipole - Physical dipoles point dipoles and approximate dipoles, Dipole - Molecular dipoles, Dipole - Field from a magnetic dipole, Dipole - Magnitude, Dipole - Vector form, Dipole - Magnetic vector potential, Dipole - Field from an electric dipole, Dipole - Electrostatic potential, Dipole - Dipole radiation

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Many molecules have such dipole moments due to non-uniform distributions of positive and negative charges on the various atoms. For example: (positive) H-Cl (negative) A molecule with a permanent dipole moment is called a polar molecule and is polarized. The physical chemist Peter J. W. Debye was the first scientist to study molecular dipoles extensively, and dipole moments are consequently measur ...

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Dipole, Dipole - Alignment of a dipole to an applied field, Dipole - Physical dipoles point dipoles and approximate dipoles, Dipole - Molecular dipoles, Dipole - Field from a magnetic dipole, Dipole - Magnitude, Dipole - Vector form, Dipole - Magnetic vector potential, Dipole - Field from an electric dipole, Dipole - Electrostatic potential, Dipole - Dipole radiation

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The electric field of an electric point dipole is where E is the field r, r, are as above p is the (vector) dipole moment ε0 is the permittivity of free space. Notice that this is formally identical to the magnetic field of a point magnetic dipole; only a few names have changed. Dipole - Electrostatic potential. The electrostatic ...

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Dipole, Dipole - Alignment of a dipole to an applied field, Dipole - Physical dipoles point dipoles and approximate dipoles, Dipole - Molecular dipoles, Dipole - Field from a magnetic dipole, Dipole - Magnitude, Dipole - Vector form, Dipole - Magnetic vector potential, Dipole - Field from an electric dipole, Dipole - Electrostatic potential, Dipole - Dipole radiation

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In addition to dipoles in electrostatics, it is also common to consider an electric or magnetic dipole that is oscillating in time. In particular, a harmonically oscillating electric dipole is described by a dipole moment of the form where ω is the angular frequency. In vacuum, this produces fields: Far away (for ), the fields approach the limiting form of a radiating spherical wave: which produces a total time-average radiated po ...

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Dipole, Dipole - Alignment of a dipole to an applied field, Dipole - Physical dipoles point dipoles and approximate dipoles, Dipole - Molecular dipoles, Dipole - Field from a magnetic dipole, Dipole - Magnitude, Dipole - Vector form, Dipole - Magnetic vector potential, Dipole - Field from an electric dipole, Dipole - Electrostatic potential, Dipole - Dipole radiation

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Dam - Failed dams. South Fork Dam - 1889 St. Francis Dam - 1928 Malpasset - 1959 Vajont Dam - 1961 Baldwin Hills Dam - 1963 Buffalo Creek Flood - 1972 Banqiao and Shimantan Dams - 1975 Teton Dam - 1976 Kelly Barnes Dam - 1977 Lawn Lake Dam - 1982 Opuha Dam - 1997 Camará Dam - 2004 Shakidor Dam - 2005 Taum Sauk reservoir - 2005 Big Bay Dam, Mississippi, USA - 2004 ...

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Dam, Dam - Types of dams, Dam - Diversionary dams, Dam - Timber dams, Dam - Embankment dams, Dam - Masonry dams, Dam - Cofferdams, Dam - Spillways, Dam - Other considerations, Dam - Environmental impacts, Dam - Stream flow, Dam - Barrier to migration, Dam - Water quality impacts, Dam - Examples of dams, Dam - Failed dams

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Liquids can have free surfaces at which they interface with gases, or with a vacuum. In general, the lack of the ability to sustain a shear stress entails that free surfaces rapidly adjust towards an equilibrium. However, on small length scales, there is an important balancing force from surface tension. Fluid statics - Surface tension effects. When liquids are constrained in vessels whose dimensions are small, compared to the relevant length scales, surface tension effects become important leadi ...

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Fluid statics, Fluid statics - Static pressure in fluids, Fluid statics - Hydrostatic pressure, Fluid statics - Atmospheric pressure, Fluid statics - Buoyancy, Fluid statics - Stability, Fluid statics - Liquids-fluids with free surfaces, Fluid statics - Surface tension effects

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Most earthquakes are powered by the release of the elastic strain that accumulate over time, typically, at the boundaries of the plates that make up the Earth's lithosphere via a process called Elastic-rebound theory. The Earth is made up of tectonic plates driven by the heat in the Earth's mantle and core. Where these plates meet stress accumulates. Eventually when enough stress accumulates, the plates move, causing an earthquake. Deep focus earthquakes, at depths of 100's km, are possibly generated as subducted lithospheric material catast ...

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Earthquake, Earthquake - Characteristics, Earthquake - Earthquake Size, Earthquake - Causes, Earthquake - Preparation for earthquakes, Earthquake - Specific fault articles, Earthquake - Specific earthquake articles

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In general, Bn is the number of partitions of a set of size n. A partition of a set S is defined as a set of nonempty, pairwise disjoint subsets of S whose union is S. For example, B3 = 5 because the 3-element set {a, b, c} can be partitioned in 5 distinct ways: {{a}, {b}, {c}} {{a}, {b, c}} {{b}, {a, c}} {{c}, {a, b ...

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Bell number, Bell number - Partitions of a set, Bell number - Another view of Bell numbers, Bell number - Properties of Bell numbers, Bell number - Triangle scheme for calculating Bell numbers

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The Bell numbers satisfy this recursion formula: They also satisfy "Dobinski's formula": the n-th moment of a Poisson distribution with expected value 1. And they satisfy "Touchard's congruence": If p is any prime number then Each Bell number is a sum of "Stirling numbers of the second kind" The Stirling number S(n, k) is the number of ways to partition a set of ca ...

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Bell number, Bell number - Partitions of a set, Bell number - Another view of Bell numbers, Bell number - Properties of Bell numbers, Bell number - Triangle scheme for calculating Bell numbers

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Two theoretical applications using a white random vector are the simulation and whitening of another arbitrary random vector. To simulate an arbitrary random vector, we transform a white random vector with a carefully chosen matrix. We choose the transformation matrix so that the mean and covariance matrix of the transformed white random vector matches the mean and covariance matrix of the arbitrary random vector that we are simulating. To whiten an arbitrary random vector, we transform it by a different carefully chosen matr ...

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White noise, White noise - Statistical properties, White noise - Colors of noise, White noise - Applications, White noise - Mathematical definition, White noise - White random vector, White noise - White random process white noise, White noise - Random vector transformations, White noise - Simulating a random vector, White noise - Whitening a random vector, White noise - Random signal transformations, White noise - Simulating a continuous-time random signal, White noise - Whitening a continuous-time random signal, White noise - External link

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When placed in an electric (E) or magnetic (B) field, equal but opposite forces arise on each side of the dipole creating a torque τ: for an Electric dipole moment p (in coulomb-meters), or for a Magnetic dipole moment m (in ampere-square meters). The resulting torque will tend to align the dipole with the applied field. ...

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Dipole, Dipole - Alignment of a dipole to an applied field, Dipole - Physical dipoles point dipoles and approximate dipoles, Dipole - Molecular dipoles, Dipole - Field from a magnetic dipole, Dipole - Magnitude, Dipole - Vector form, Dipole - Magnetic vector potential, Dipole - Field from an electric dipole, Dipole - Electrostatic potential, Dipole - Dipole radiation

Read more here: » Dipole: Encyclopedia II - Dipole - Alignment of a dipole to an applied field