Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Ortho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements each drawing on several distinct, though related, philosophies, which in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism
Generalisations concerning Modern Orthodoxy are difficult to draw, and, as such, any critiscm may be aimed at a straw man. This section d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements each drawing on several distinct, though related, philosophies, which in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer: Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer
Israel Azriel Hildesheimer was a German rabbi, and leader of Orthodox Judaism. He is regarded as a pioneering "Moderniser" of Orthodox Ju...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics firs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia - Rabbi
Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means "teacher", or more lite...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism
Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem
The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Beit HaMikdash) was built in ancient Jerusalem in c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy
Jewish philosophy is not a universally agreed-upon term, but it does exist as a field of scholarship. It is therefore a subject that requ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah
Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Posek: Encyclopedia - Posek
Posek (Hebrew פוסק; /poseq/ pl. Poskim) is the term in Jewish law for "legal decisor" - a rabbi who decides the Halakha in cases of l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Books Of The Bible: Encyclopedia - Books Of The Bible
The canonical list of the Books of the Bible differs among Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Greek Orthodox Christians, even though the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox Organizations And Groups
The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, more commonly known as the Orthodox Union, or more simply as the "OU", and the Rab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Judaism - Orthodox Judaism
Sexual intercourse between two men is forbidden by the Torah, as stated above, and was a capital offense in Biblical times. The Torah pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Judaism - Reform Judaism
The Reform Judaism movement, the largest branch of Judaism in North America, has rejected the traditional view in all matters of Jewish L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Judaism - Conservative/masorti Judaism
In Conservative Judaism, the scholars on the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards (CJLS) make decisions concerning Jewish law. In 1992 t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Judaism - Homosexuality In The Torah
The Torah (Hebrew Bible) is the primary classical source for Jewish views on homosexuality. It states that: "[A man] shall not lie with a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Judaism - King David And Jonathan
There is some speculation regarding King David and Jonathan the son of King Saul. Relevant sources are as follows: When Samuel, the proph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups
Orthodox Judaism's central belief is that the Torah, including both the Written Law and the Oral Law, was given directly from God to Mose...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Views Of Chosenness By The Modern Jewish Denominations
The three largest Jewish denominations -- Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism -- maintain the belief that the Jews ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Becoming A Rabbi
Traditionally, a man obtains semicha ("rabbinic ordination") after the completion of an arduous learning program in the codes of Jewish l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Judaism And Evolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Judaism And Evolution - Jewish Views In Reaction To Darwin
With the advent of Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory, the Jewish community found itself engaged in a discussion of Jewish principles o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - The Role Of The Rabbi In The Last 200 Years
In 19th century Germany and the United States, the duties of the rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Protestant Chr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Becoming A Rabbi
Traditionally, a man obtains semicha ("rabbinic ordination") after the completion of an arduous learning program in the codes of Jewish l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Practices And Beliefs
Haredi Judaism - Views of halakha. One basic belief of the Orthodox community in general is that it is the latest link in a chain of Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - The Role Of The Rabbi In The Last 200 Years
In 19th century Germany and the United States, the duties of the rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Protestant Chr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Women And The Rabbinical Credential
Jewish tradition and law does not presume that women have more or less of an aptitude or moral standing required of rabbis. However, it h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Judaism And Evolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Judaism And Evolution - Classical Rabbinic Teachings
It is likely that the majority of classical rabbis held that God created the world some 6,000 years ago, and created Adam and Eve from cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Orthodox Judaism - Origin And Definition Of The Name Orthodox
While many Orthodox Jews accept the label "Orthodox", others reject and criticize it because it was never traditionally applied to Jews i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Practices And Beliefs
Haredi Judaism - Views of halakha. One basic belief of the Orthodox community in general is that it is the latest link in a chain of Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Women And The Rabbinical Credential
Jewish tradition and law does not presume that women have more or less of an aptitude or moral standing required of rabbis. However, it h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs
Orthodox Judaism is composed of different groups with intertwining beliefs, practices and theologies, and in their broad patterns, the Or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Orthodox Judaism - The Development Of Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy is not a single movement or school of thought. There is no single rabbinic body to which all its rabbis are expected to belong,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Acceptance Of Who Is A Rabbi
Historically and until the present, recognition of a rabbi relates to the rabbi's competence to interpret Jewish law and act as a teacher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Acceptance Of Who Is A Rabbi
Historically and until the present, recognition of a rabbi relates to the rabbi's competence to interpret Jewish law and act as a teacher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Relationships Between Jewish Religious Movements: Encyclopedia Ii - Relationships Between Jewish Religious Movements - Reform Views
Reform Judaism currently espouses the notion of religious pluralism; it believes that most Jewish denominations (including Orthodox group...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Relationships Between Jewish Religious Movements: Encyclopedia Ii - Relationships Between Jewish Religious Movements - Conservative Views
Conservative Judaism holds that Orthodox Judaism is a valid and legitimate form of normative rabbinic Judaism; its respects the validity ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Relationships Between Jewish Religious Movements: Encyclopedia Ii - Relationships Between Jewish Religious Movements - Orthodox Judaism
Relationships between Jewish religious movements - Haredi Judaism views. When dealing with others of their own faith who have different...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Sages As Rabbis
The rabbi is not an occupation found in the Torah (i.e the Pentateuch) as such; the first time this word is mentioned is in the Mishnah (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Sages As Rabbis
The rabbi is not an occupation found in the Torah (i.e the Pentateuch) as such; the first time this word is mentioned is in the Mishnah (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - History
Rabbi - Moses and Joshua: The first rabbis. By tradition Moses was the first rabbi of the Children of Israel. To this day he is known t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - History
Rabbi - Moses and Joshua: The first rabbis. By tradition Moses was the first rabbi of the Children of Israel. To this day he is known t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Charges Of Racism
Many books and websites promote the idea that Judaism is inherently racist. Hundreds of websites exist run by neo-Nazis, White supremacy ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Chosenness In The Hebrew Bible
According to the Hebrew Bible, Israel's character as the chosen people is conditioned by obedience to God's commandments. "Now therefore,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophers
The following philosophers have had a substantial impact on the philosophy of modern day Jews who identify as such. They are writers who ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophers
The following philosophers have had a substantial impact on the philosophy of modern day Jews who identify as such. They are writers who ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Chosenness As Superiority
In early medieval Europe, during a time of intense persecution of Jews, the idea developed that chosenness meant that God loves Jews more...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Rabbinic Jewish Views Of Chosenness
The idea of chosenness has traditionally been interpreted by Jews in two ways: one way is that God chose the Israelites, while the other ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophy
One of the major trends in modern Jewish philosophy was the attempt to develop a theory of Judaism through existentialism. One of the pri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Temple In Jerusalem - Modern Controversy Over Location Of The Temple Site
In 1999 Dr. Ernest L. Martin published a controversial book called The Temples that Jerusalem Forgot based upon the idea of Ory Mazar, so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Position In The History Of Thought
The scholastics preserved the continuity of philosophical thought. Without the activity of these Arabic-Jewish philosophers, the culture ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Avicebron, Solomon Ibn Gabirol
The Jewish poet-philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol is also known as Avicebron. He died about 1070 CE. He was influenced by Plato. His classi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Avicebron Solomon Ibn Gabirol
The Jewish poet-philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol is also known as Avicebron. He died about 1070 CE. He was influenced by Plato. His classi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Debate About Kabbalah In Judaism
Although it was criticized by a small number of rabbis, Kabbalah has nevertheless been a fundamental part of most Jewish theology for man...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holocaust Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Holocaust Theology - Jewish Theological Responses
Here are some of the major responses that Jews have had in response to the Holocaust: No new response is needed. The Holocaust is like a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Foretelling The Future
A small number of Kabbalists have attempted to foretell events by the Kabbalah. The term has come to be used to refer to secret science i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer: Encyclopedia Ii - Azriel Hildesheimer - Biography
Hildesheimer was born in Hildesheim, a small town near Hanover, Germany (Some believe he was born in Halberstadt) May 20, 1820; he was th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Failure Of Sabbatian Mysticism
The spiritual and mystical yearnings of many Jews remained frustrated after the death of Rabbi Isaac Luria and his disciples and colleagu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Origin Of Jewish Mysticism
According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalistic Understanding Of God
Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) teaches that God is neither matter nor spirit. Rather God is the creator of both, but is himself neither. But...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Gnosticism And Kabbalah
Gnostic literature testifies to the antiquity of the Kabbalah. Gnosticism - systems of secret spiritual knowledge, or some sources say - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Criticisms
Kabbalah - Dualism. One of the most serious and sustained criticisms of Kabbalah is that it may lead away from monotheism, and instead ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Human Soul In Kabbalah
The Zohar posits that the human soul has three elements, the nefesh, ru'ach, and neshamah. The nefesh is found in all humans, and enters ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Practical Applications
The Midrash and Talmud are replete with the use of Divine names and incantations that are claimed to effect supernatural or metaphysical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Zionist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Zionist Movement - Ideology
Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Textual Antiquity Of Esoteric Mysticism
Early forms of esoteric mysticism existed over 2,000 years ago. Ben Sira warns against it, saying: "You shall have no business with secre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Mystic Doctrines In Talmudic Times
In Talmudic times the terms Ma'aseh Bereshit ("Works of Creation") and Ma'aseh Merkabah ("Works of the Divine Throne/Chariot") clearly in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalah In Non-jewish Society
Kabbalah eventually gained an audience outside of the Jewish community. Nominal-Christian versions of Kabbalah began to develop; by the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Temple In Jerusalem - Rebuilding The Third Temple
The question surrounding the status of The Third Temple is compounded by much mystery, uncertainty, controversy, and debate, but it does ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Present Day
Haredi Judaism - Israel. In Israel, home to the most numerically powerful Haredi population, the situation is different. There, as in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - History
Haredi Judaism - Modern origins. For several centuries before the Emancipation of European Jewry, most of Europe's Jews were forced to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Present Day
Haredi Judaism - Israel. In Israel, home to the most numerically powerful Haredi population, the situation is different. There, as in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer: Encyclopedia Ii - Azriel Hildesheimer - Modernisation Within Orthodoxy
Along with Samson Raphael Hirsch, Hildesheimer is regarded as a pioneering "Moderniser" of Orthodox Judaism in Germany. Hildesheimer 's f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - History
Haredi Judaism - Modern origins. For several centuries before the Emancipation of European Jewry, most of Europe's Jews were forced to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer: Encyclopedia Ii - Azriel Hildesheimer - Writings
In 1876 Hildesheimer celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of his ministry; on the celebration of his seventieth birthday, in 1890, his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Temple In Jerusalem - First And Second Temples
As many as five distinct temples stood in succession on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: Solomon's Temple, was built in approximately the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Temple In Jerusalem - Christian Views
Temple in Jerusalem - Protestant view. The dominant view within Protestant Christianity is that animal sacrifices within the Temple wer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Philo Of Alexandria
Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE - 40 CE) was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. Philo included in his philosophy both...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Saadia Gaon
Saadia Gaon (892-942) is considered one of the greatest of the early Jewish philosophers. His Emunoth ve-Deoth was originally called Kita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Zionist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Zionist Movement - History And Organizations
The first Rabbis who supported Zionism were Rabbi Yehuda Shlomo Alkalai and Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer. They argued that the change in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Maimonides
Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (1135 - 1204), רבי משה בן מיימון, known commonly by his Greek name Maimonides, was a Jewish rabbi, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Approaches
As with any fusion of religion and philosophy, the attempt is difficult because classical philosophers start with no preconditions for w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Zionist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Zionist Movement - Religious Zionism Today
Religious Zionists are often called "Kippot Sruggot" because of the knitted skull caps that they wear. In Israel, different factions of O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Early Jewish Philosophy
Early Jewish philosophy was heavily influenced by the philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic philosophy. Many early medieval Jewish p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Bahya Ibn Paquda's Duties Of The Heart
Bahya ibn Paquda lived in Spain in the first half of the eleventh century. He was the author of the first Jewish system of ethics, writte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Yehuda Halevi And The Kuzari
The Jewish poet-philosopher Yehuda Halevi (twelfth century) in his polemical work Kuzari made strenuous arguments against philosophy. He ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - The Rise Of Aristotelian Thought
Judah ha-Levi could not bar the progress of Aristotelianism among the Arabic-writing Jews. As among the Arabs, Ibn Sina and Ibn Roshd lea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Temple In Jerusalem - Jewish Views
Ever since its destruction in 70CE, Jews have prayed that God will allow for the rebuilding of the Temple. This prayer is a formal part o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Temple In Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Temple In Jerusalem - Rebuilding The Temple Today
The Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque have been built on the site of the destroyed Jewish Temples many centuries after the destruction ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interreligious Marriage: Encyclopedia Ii - Interreligious Marriage - Views Of Religions On Interreligious Marriage
Interreligious marriage - Judaism. Orthodox Judaism strictly forbids interreligious marriage as well as any sexual intercourse with a m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vaad: Encyclopedia Ii - Vaad - Modern Day
Modern day vaads in Orthodox Judaism include the Vaad Halakha and the Beth Din of America, both sponsored by the Rabbinical Council of Am...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - B'nai Mitzvah: Encyclopedia Ii - B'nai Mitzvah - Jewish Girls
Except in Italy, no ceremony parallel to a boy's Bar Mitzvah ceremony developed for girls before the modern age. Though girls became obli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Torah Im Derech Eretz: Encyclopedia Ii - Torah Im Derech Eretz - Contemporary Influence
Torah im Derech Eretz remains influential as a philosophy in Orthodox Judaism. Although usually associated with Modern Orthodox Judaism, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norman Lamm: Encyclopedia Ii - Norman Lamm - Writings
In 1971 Dr. Lamm wroteFaith and Doubt: Studies in Traditional Jewish Thought, which was released in a second edition in 1986. This book i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Payot: Encyclopedia Ii - Payot - Use
The original law only requires the payot not to be removed, though they can be cut or trimmed but not with a razor, or blade sliding alon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Predestination: Encyclopedia Ii - Predestination - Jewish Views
Generally speaking Judaism has no strong doctrine of predestination. The idea that God is omnipotent and omniscient didn't formally exist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holocaust Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Holocaust Theology - Christian View
The Catholic Church has some of the Holocaust victims as declared saints and martyrs. An example is the priest Maximilian Kolbe. Open The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right And Left
Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism. Some Modern Orthodox scholars may acknowledge insights provided by some to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison With Other Movements
Various, highly differing views are offered under the banner of Modern Orthodoxy, ranging from traditionalist to revisionist. In addition...   » Read the article