Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world. It is broadly defined as the effort to adapt Orthodox Judaism to modernity and to avoid the social and/or cultural isolation which livi ...

Including:

• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Roots
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Torah Umadda
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Religious Zionism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Haredi Judaism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Neo-Orthodoxy
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Conservative Judaism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Introduction of reforms
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Difficulties inherent
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Important figures
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox advocacy groups
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox Congregations
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Resources

Read more here: » Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism

See also:

Modern Orthodox Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Roots, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Torah Umadda, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Religious Zionism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Haredi Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Neo-Orthodoxy, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Conservative Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Introduction of reforms, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Difficulties inherent, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Important figures, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox advocacy groups, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox Congregations, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Resources

Read more here: » Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy

Generalisations concerning Modern Orthodoxy are difficult to draw, and, as such, any critiscm may be aimed at a straw man. This section deals with criticism relating to standards of observance and to social issues; as regards its philosophy see "Criticism" under Torah Umadda. Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance. There is an often cited contention that Modern Orthodoxy has lower standards of observance of traditional Jewish laws and customs than other branches of Orthodox Judaism [19]. This vi ...

See also:

Modern Orthodox Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Roots, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Torah Umadda, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Religious Zionism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Haredi Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Neo-Orthodoxy, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Conservative Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Introduction of reforms, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Difficulties inherent, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Important figures, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox advocacy groups, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox Congregations, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Resources

Read more here: » Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism

Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements each drawing on several distinct, though related, philosophies, which in some combination provide the basis for all variations of the movement today; these are discussed in detail below. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and obligatory, while simultaneously attaching a positive value to interaction with the modern world. In this view, Orthodox Judaism can “be enriched” by its intersection with modernity; further, “modern society creates opport ...

See also:

Modern Orthodox Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Roots, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Torah Umadda, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Religious Zionism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Haredi Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Neo-Orthodoxy, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Conservative Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Introduction of reforms, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Difficulties inherent, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Important figures, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox advocacy groups, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox Congregations, Modern Orthodox Judaism - Resources

Read more here: » Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy

Israel Azriel Hildesheimer was a German rabbi, and leader of Orthodox Judaism. He is regarded as a pioneering "Moderniser" of Orthodox Judaism in Germany and is sometimes regarded as a founder of Modern Orthodox Judaism. Azriel Hildesheimer - Biography. Hildesheimer was born in Hildesheim, a small town near Hanover, Germany (Some believe he was born in Halberstadt) May 20, 1820; he was the son of Rabbi Löb Glee Hildesheimer. He attended the "Hasharat Zwi" school in Halberstadt, and, from age sevente ...

Including:

• Azriel Hildesheimer - Biography
• Azriel Hildesheimer - Modernisation within Orthodoxy
• Azriel Hildesheimer - Comparison with Samson Raphael Hirsch
• Azriel Hildesheimer - Orthodox Opposition
• Azriel Hildesheimer - Writings

Read more here: » Azriel Hildesheimer: Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer

Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud ("The Oral Law") and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh ("Code of Jewish Law"). It is governed by these works and the Rabbinical commentary of the last 1,000+ years. Orthodox Judaism is characterized by: The belief that the Torah (i.e. the Pentateuch) and its pertaining laws are "Divine": Transmitted by God to Moses who then wrote it down, and cannot be ...

Including:

• Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups
• Orthodox Judaism - Origin and definition of the name Orthodox
• Orthodox Judaism - The development of Orthodoxy
• Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs
• Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition
• Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Read more here: » Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism

Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means "teacher", or more literally "great one". The word "Rabbi" is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means "great" or "distinguished, (in knowledge)". In the ancient Judean schools the sages were addressed as רִבִּי (Ribbi or Rebbi) — in recent centuries being re-vocalized to Rabbi ("my master"). This term of respectful address ...

Including:

• Rabbi - History
• Rabbi - Moses and Joshua: The first rabbis
• Rabbi - Era of the Tanakh the Hebrew Bible
• Rabbi - Sages as rabbis
• Rabbi - The role of the rabbi in the last 200 years
• Rabbi - Women and the rabbinical credential
• Rabbi - Modern Orthodox trends in female leadership
• Rabbi - Becoming a rabbi
• Rabbi - Orthodox Judaism
• Rabbi - Haredi and Hasidic Judaism
• Rabbi - Conservative and Masorti Judaism
• Rabbi - Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism
• Rabbi - Acceptance of who is a rabbi
• Rabbi - Rabbinic seminaries unrelated to the major Jewish denominations
• Rabbi - Becoming a rabbi: To have or not to have ordination

Read more here: » Rabbi: Encyclopedia - Rabbi

Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. The term "ultra-Orthodox" is controversial, as it is often considered to be pejorative, and is rarely used by the Jews to whom it is applied; they generally prefer Haredi (חֲרֵדִי, a Hebrew term which is derived from Harada (fear, anxiety) and could be interperted as "one who trembles in awe of God"), Yeshivish ...

Including:

• Haredi Judaism - Practices and beliefs
• Haredi Judaism - Views of halakha
• Haredi Judaism - Lifestyle and family
• Haredi Judaism - Dress
• Haredi Judaism - History
• Haredi Judaism - Modern origins
• Haredi Judaism - Effects of the Holocaust
• Haredi Judaism - Present day
• Haredi Judaism - Israel
• Haredi Judaism - United States
• Haredi Judaism - United Kingdom
• Haredi Judaism - Organisations
• Haredi Judaism - Rabbinical leaders
• Haredi Judaism - External link

Read more here: » Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism

The Temple in Jerusalem or the Holy Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Beit HaMikdash) was built in ancient Jerusalem in c. 10th century BCE and was the center of Israelite Jewish worship, primarily for the offering of sacrifices known as the korbanot. It was located on Jerusalem's Temple Mount. It was the center of ancient Judaism and has remained as a focal point for Jewish services over the millennia. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Temple was built by Solomon. It replaced the Tabernacl ...

Including:

• Temple in Jerusalem - Etymology
• Temple in Jerusalem - First and Second Temples
• Temple in Jerusalem - Jewish views
• Temple in Jerusalem - Rebuilding the Third Temple
• Temple in Jerusalem - Orthodox Judaism
• Temple in Jerusalem - Conservative Judaism
• Temple in Jerusalem - Reform Judaism
• Temple in Jerusalem - Julian's Roman Third Temple
• Temple in Jerusalem - Christian views
• Temple in Jerusalem - Protestant view
• Temple in Jerusalem - Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox view
• Temple in Jerusalem - LDS Restorationist view
• Temple in Jerusalem - Rebuilding the Temple today
• Temple in Jerusalem - Modern controversy over location of the Temple site
• Temple in Jerusalem - Archaeological evidence
• Temple in Jerusalem - Recent artifact controversy

Read more here: » Temple in Jerusalem: Encyclopedia - Temple in Jerusalem

Jewish philosophy is not a universally agreed-upon term, but it does exist as a field of scholarship. It is therefore a subject that requires careful analysis, definition, clarification and explanation. Some may claim that it is an attempt to fuse the fields of secular (even atheistic) philosophy with the religious teachings of Judaism (an Abrahamic religion). Others may claim that it is a relatively latter-day form of rationalization for Judaism itself. It should be noted that the primary source documents for Judaism, such as the Tor ...

Including:

• Jewish philosophy - Approaches
• Jewish philosophy - Early Jewish philosophy
• Jewish philosophy - Philo of Alexandria
• Jewish philosophy - Avicebron Solomon ibn Gabirol
• Jewish philosophy - Jewish Mysticism Kabbalah
• Jewish philosophy - Saadia Gaon
• Jewish philosophy - Karaite philosophy
• Jewish philosophy - Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart
• Jewish philosophy - Yehuda Halevi and the Kuzari
• Jewish philosophy - The rise of Aristotelian thought
• Jewish philosophy - Maimonides
• Jewish philosophy - Position in the history of thought
• Jewish philosophy - Renaissance philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophy
• Jewish philosophy - Holocaust theology
• Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Orthodox Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Conservative Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Reform Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Reconstructionist Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Others
• Jewish philosophy - Philosophers informed by their Jewish background

Read more here: » Jewish philosophy: Encyclopedia - Jewish philosophy

Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cabalah, Cabbala, Cabbalah, Kabala, Kabalah, Kabbala, Qabala, Qabalah, Kaballah) is an interpretation (exegesis, hermeneutic) key, "soul" of the Torah (Hebrew Bible), or the religious mystical system of Judaism claiming an insight into divine nature. Kabbalah is a doctrine of esoteric knowledge concerning God, God's creation of the universe and the laws of nature, and the path by whic ...

Including:

• Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism
• Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal
• Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism
• Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s
• Kabbalah - The modern world
• Kabbalah - Primary texts
• Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil
• Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God
• Kabbalah - Sefirot
• Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view
• Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Foretelling the future
• Kabbalah - Practical applications
• Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism
• Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Criticisms
• Kabbalah - Dualism
• Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism
• Kabbalah - Early critiques
• Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society
• Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Fictional representations
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities
• Kabbalah - Footnotes

Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah

Posek (Hebrew פוסק; /poseq/ pl. Poskim) is the term in Jewish law for "legal decisor" - a rabbi who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive. This decision is known as a psak din or psak halakha (ruling of law; pl. piskei din, piskei halakha) or simply a "psak". In Hebrew, פסק is the root implying to stop or cease - here the posek brings the process of legal debate to finality. Piskei Din are ge ...

Including:

• Posek - List of recent Orthodox poskim

Read more here: » Posek: Encyclopedia - Posek

The canonical list of the Books of the Bible differs among Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Greek Orthodox Christians, even though there is a great deal of overlap. Below a table is presented to compare the canons of these denominations, other faiths are not currently included, for both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. A detailed discussion of the differences is found in the article on Biblical canon. It should be noted that the Greek Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches may have minor difference ...

Including:

• Books of the Bible - The Tanakh and the Protestant Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Old Testaments
• Books of the Bible - New Testament books shared by many modern Christian groups
• Books of the Bible - Notes

Read more here: » Books of the Bible: Encyclopedia - Books of the Bible

The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, more commonly known as the Orthodox Union, or more simply as the "OU", and the Rabbinical Council of America, "RCA" are organizations which represent Modern Orthodox Judaism, a large segment of Orthodoxy in America, Canada and England. These groups should not be confused with the similarly named Union of Orthodox Rabbis (described below). The National Council of Young Israel, and the Council of Young Israel Rabbis are smaller groups that were originally founded as Modern Orthodox ...

See also:

Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups, Orthodox Judaism - Origin and definition of the name Orthodox, Orthodox Judaism - The development of Orthodoxy, Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs, Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition, Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Read more here: » Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Sexual intercourse between two men is forbidden by the Torah, as stated above, and was a capital offense in Biblical times. The Torah prohibition of Lo tikrevu legalot ervah ("You shall not come close to another person for the purpose of committing a sexual crime") forbids all other sexual acts which can lead to intercourse, and prescribes the punishment of lashes. However, even in Biblical times, it was very difficult to get a conviction that would lead to this prescribed punishment and, in any case, modern instances of this are not judged. The severity of the punishment indicates ...

See also:

Homosexuality and Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Homosexuality in the Torah, Homosexuality and Judaism - Orthodox Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Modern Orthodox View, Homosexuality and Judaism - Conservative/Masorti Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reform Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reconstructionist Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - King David and Jonathan

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Judaism - Orthodox Judaism

The Reform Judaism movement, the largest branch of Judaism in North America, has rejected the traditional view in all matters of Jewish Law including this issue. As such, they do not prohibit ordination of gays and lesbians as rabbis and cantors. They view Levitical laws as sometimes seen to be referring to prostitution, making it a stand against Jews adopting the idolatrous fertility cults and practices of the neighbouring Canaanite nations rather than a blanket condemnation of same-sex intercourse or homosexuality. Reform authorities consi ...

See also:

Homosexuality and Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Homosexuality in the Torah, Homosexuality and Judaism - Orthodox Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Modern Orthodox View, Homosexuality and Judaism - Conservative/Masorti Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reform Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reconstructionist Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - King David and Jonathan

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Judaism - Reform Judaism

In Conservative Judaism, the scholars on the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards (CJLS) make decisions concerning Jewish law. In 1992 the CJLS accepted four teshuvot (responsa) on homosexuality; these were used as backing sources for a unified consensus position. The consensus position is that given the current scientific, psychological and biological information on the origin and nature of homosexuality, homosexual relationships can not be judged to be in accord with Halakha (Jewish law). Some of the responsa note that future infor ...

See also:

Homosexuality and Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Homosexuality in the Torah, Homosexuality and Judaism - Orthodox Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Modern Orthodox View, Homosexuality and Judaism - Conservative/Masorti Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reform Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reconstructionist Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - King David and Jonathan

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Judaism - Conservative/Masorti Judaism

The Torah (Hebrew Bible) is the primary classical source for Jewish views on homosexuality. It states that: "[A man] shall not lie with another man as [he would] with a woman, it is a to'eva" (Leviticus 18:22]]). The term to'eva is usually translated as "abomination". However, because the word is used twice in regard to homosexuality, its second use has been understood by the Talmud to be a contraction of the words to'eh hu va, meaning "He is deviating from what is natural." (literally "He is wandering with it [from the natural way of the world]" since t ...

See also:

Homosexuality and Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Homosexuality in the Torah, Homosexuality and Judaism - Orthodox Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Modern Orthodox View, Homosexuality and Judaism - Conservative/Masorti Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reform Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reconstructionist Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - King David and Jonathan

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Judaism - Homosexuality in the Torah

There is some speculation regarding King David and Jonathan the son of King Saul. Relevant sources are as follows: When Samuel, the prophet, requested that Yishai (Jesse) bring him his son David, the verse relates that "He was ruddy with eyes of beauty and good appearance."(I Samuel 16:12) After David killed Goliath the giant and spoke with Saul. "Jonathan's soul became bound to David's soul, and Jonathan loved him as [he loved] his own soul. Saul took him that day and did not allow him to return home. Jonathan and Da ...

See also:

Homosexuality and Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Homosexuality in the Torah, Homosexuality and Judaism - Orthodox Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Modern Orthodox View, Homosexuality and Judaism - Conservative/Masorti Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reform Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - Reconstructionist Judaism, Homosexuality and Judaism - King David and Jonathan

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Judaism - King David and Jonathan

Orthodox Judaism's central belief is that the Torah, including both the Written Law and the Oral Law, was given directly from God to Moses and can never be altered or rejected in any way. Resultantly, all Jews are required to live in accordance with the Commandments and Jewish law. While belief in the divinity of the Torah and the right of the Sages and Rabbis to fully interpret and apply it is the primary unifying tenet of Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Jews can be classified into several subgroups. These groups maintain significant soci ...

See also:

Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups, Orthodox Judaism - Origin and definition of the name Orthodox, Orthodox Judaism - The development of Orthodoxy, Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs, Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition, Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Read more here: » Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups