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Mitnagdim | A Wisdom Archive on Mitnagdim | | Mitnagdim A selection of articles related to Mitnagdim | |
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mitnagdim, Mitnagdim, Mitnagdim - Origins, Agudath Israel of America, Degel HaTorah, Haredi Judaism, Hasidic Judaism, Hasidim and Mitnagdim, Lithuanian Jews, United Torah Judaism, Vilna Gaon, Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, World Agudath Israel
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Mitnagdim | |
| | |  Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia - Vilna GaonThe Vilna Gaon (April 23, 1720 – October 9, 1797) was a prominent Jewish rabbi, Talmud scholar, and Kabbalist.
His real name was Elijah (Eliyahu) ben Shlomo Zalman Kremer (or Kramer), but he is commonly referred to in Hebrew as ha'Gaon ha'Chasid mi'Vilna, meaning "the saintly genius from Vilna", or in similar forms (Gaon of Vilna, Gaon mi Vilno, or Vilna Gaon), and as the Gra (a Hebrew acronym of "Gaon Rabbi Eliyahu").
Vilna Gaon - Youth and education.
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Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia - Vilna Gaon |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cabalah, Cabbala, Cabbalah, Kabala, Kabalah, Kabbala, Qabala, Qabalah, Kaballah) is an interpretation (exegesis, hermeneutic) key, "soul" of the Torah (Hebrew Bible), or the religious mystical system of Judaism claiming an insight into divine nature.
Kabbalah is a doctrine of esoteric knowledge concerning God, God's creation of the universe and the laws of nature, and the path by whic ...
Including:
Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Youth and education Born in Vilna (now Vilnius), Lithuania, he gave evidence of the possession of extraordinary talents while still a child. As young as three years old he had committed the Bible to memory. At the age of seven he was taught Talmud by Moses Margalit, rabbi of Kaidan and the author of a commentary to the Jerusalem Talmud, and was supposed to know several of the treatises by heart. The Vilna Gaon is well known for having possessed a photographic memory. By eight he was studying astronomy during lunch time. From the age of ten he continued his stud ...
See also:Vilna Gaon, Vilna Gaon - Youth and education, Vilna Gaon - Methods of study, Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism, Vilna Gaon - Other work, Vilna Gaon - Ascetism, Vilna Gaon - Works, Vilna Gaon - Influence Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Youth and education |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Lithuanian Jews - Jewish culture in Lithuania The founding of the yeshivot in Lithuania was due to the Lithuanian-Polish Jews who studied in the west, and to the German Jews who migrated about that time to Lithuania and Poland. Very little is known of these early yeshibot. No mention is made of them or of prominent Lithuanian rabbis in Jewish writings until the sixteenth century. The first known rabbinical authority and head of a yeshibah was Isaac Bezaleel of Vladimir, Volhynia, who was already an old man when Luria went to Ostrog in the fourth decade of the sixteenth century. Another ...
See also:Lithuanian Jews, Lithuanian Jews - Etymology of term, Lithuanian Jews - Ethnicity religious customs and heritage, Lithuanian Jews - Early history, Lithuanian Jews - Increasing prosperity and the great charter 1320-1432, Lithuanian Jews - The Charter of 1388, Lithuanian Jews - The union with Poland, Lithuanian Jews - Expulsion of the Jews in 1495 and return in 1503, Lithuanian Jews - The Act of 1566, Lithuanian Jews - Effect of the Cossacks' Uprising in Lithuania, Lithuanian Jews - Jewish culture in Lithuania, Lithuanian Jews - Items from the Responsa, Lithuanian Jews - Identified with Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian Jews - Lithuanian Jews today, Lithuanian Jews - Famous Jews with Lithuanian parentage Read more here: » Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia II - Lithuanian Jews - Jewish culture in Lithuania |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Influence He was one of the most influential Rabbinic authorities since the Middle Ages, and – although he is counted as an Acharon – he is held by many authorities after him as belonging to the Rishonim (Rabbinic authorities of the Middle Ages). Large groups of people, including many yeshivas, uphold the set of customs (minhag) that can be traced back to him: the minhag ha-Gra.
His main student Rabbi Chaim Volozhin, founded the first yeshiva in his home town of Volozhin, Lithuania (now in Belarus). The results of this move, which met with the Vilna Gaon's approval, revolutionised Torah study, and the results of this p ...
See also:Vilna Gaon, Vilna Gaon - Youth and education, Vilna Gaon - Methods of study, Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism, Vilna Gaon - Other work, Vilna Gaon - Ascetism, Vilna Gaon - Works, Vilna Gaon - Influence Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Influence |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Other work Except in this instance, Elijah almost never took part in public affairs; and, so far as is known, he did not preside over any great school in Vilna. He was satisfied, as has been already stated, with lecturing in his bet ha-midrash to a few chosen pupils, whom he initiated into his scientific methods. He taught them Hebrew grammar, Hebrew Bible, and Mishna, subjects which were largely neglected by the Talmudists of that time. He was especially anxious to introduce them to the study of the midrash literature, and the minor treatises of the Talmud, which were very ...
See also:Vilna Gaon, Vilna Gaon - Youth and education, Vilna Gaon - Methods of study, Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism, Vilna Gaon - Other work, Vilna Gaon - Ascetism, Vilna Gaon - Works, Vilna Gaon - Influence Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Other work |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism When Hasidic Judaism became influential in his native town Elijah, joining the rabbis and heads of the Polish communities, took steps to check the Hasidic influence. In 1777 the first excommunication by the Mitnagdim was launched at Vilna against the Hasidim, while a letter was also addressed to all the large communities, exhorting them to deal with the Hasidim after the example of Vilna, and to watch them until they had recanted. The letter was acted upon by several communities; and in Brody, during the fair, the cherem (ban of ...
See also:Vilna Gaon, Vilna Gaon - Youth and education, Vilna Gaon - Methods of study, Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism, Vilna Gaon - Other work, Vilna Gaon - Ascetism, Vilna Gaon - Works, Vilna Gaon - Influence Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Methods of study Elijah applied to the Talmud and rabbinic literature proper philological methods. He made an attempt toward a critical examination of the text; and thus, very often with a single reference to a parallel passage, or with a textual emendation, overthrew tenuous decisions of his rabbinic predecessors.
He devoted much time to the study of the Hebrew Bible and Hebrew grammar, and was knowledgeable in the secular sciences, enriching the latter by his original contributions. His pupils and friends had to pursue the same plain and simple meth ...
See also:Vilna Gaon, Vilna Gaon - Youth and education, Vilna Gaon - Methods of study, Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism, Vilna Gaon - Other work, Vilna Gaon - Ascetism, Vilna Gaon - Works, Vilna Gaon - Influence Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Methods of study |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Ascetism Elijah led an ascetic life. He interpreted literally the words of the ancient rabbis, that the Torah can be acquired only by abandoning all pleasures and by cheerfully accepting suffering; and as he lived up to this principle, he was revered by his countrymen as a saint, being called by some of his contemporaries "the Hasid".
Elijah once started on a trip to the Land of Israel, but did not get beyond Germany (although in the very early nineteenth century, waves of his students did manage the trip, settling mostly in the city of Tzfat. While at Königsberg he wrote to his family a letter which was published under the tit ...
See also:Vilna Gaon, Vilna Gaon - Youth and education, Vilna Gaon - Methods of study, Vilna Gaon - Antagonism to Hasidism, Vilna Gaon - Other work, Vilna Gaon - Ascetism, Vilna Gaon - Works, Vilna Gaon - Influence Read more here: » Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia II - Vilna Gaon - Ascetism |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish denominations - Development of modern denominations in response to the Enlightenment In the late 18th century Europe, and then the rest of the world, was swept by a group of intellectual, social and political movements that taken together were referred to as the Enlightenment. These movements promoted scientific thinking, free thought, and allowed people to question previously unshaken religious dogmas. The emancipation of the Jews in many European communities, and the Haskalah movement started by Moses Mendelssohn, brought the Enlightnment to the Jewish community.
Some Jews felt that Enlightenment values, especially ...
See also:Jewish denominations, Jewish denominations - Background: Jewish ethnic divisions, Jewish denominations - Divisions, Jewish denominations - Hasidic Judaism, Jewish denominations - Other divisions, Jewish denominations - Development of modern denominations in response to the Enlightenment, Jewish denominations - Table illustrating the range of Jewish denominations, Jewish denominations - External link Read more here: » Jewish denominations: Encyclopedia II - Jewish denominations - Development of modern denominations in response to the Enlightenment |
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| | | | Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish leadership - Historic leadership
Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE.
See related List of Jewish Biblical figures.
During the era of the Tanakh, leadership of the Jewish people was governed by Torah principles. There were the heads of the original Hebrew tribes, and then also prophets such as Moses, Jeremiah and Samuel and whose words still as reference points for the believers, judges such as Samson, kings such as David and Solomon, priests of the Temple ...
See also:Jewish leadership, Jewish leadership - Historic leadership, Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE, Jewish leadership - Mishnaic Talmudic Middle Ages leadership 70 - 1600s, Jewish leadership - Early modern leadership 1700s-1800s, Jewish leadership - Modern religious leadership after 1800s, Jewish leadership - Decline of rabbinical influence, Jewish leadership - Modern Synagogue leadership, Jewish leadership - Orthodox and Haredi rabbinic leadership, Jewish leadership - Reform Conservative and Reconstructionist leadership, Jewish leadership - Secular leadership, Jewish leadership - Karaite leadership Read more here: » Jewish leadership: Encyclopedia II - Jewish leadership - Historic leadership |
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