Minoan

Minoan: Encyclopedia II - Minoan civilization - Warfare and The Minoan Peace

It is generally assumed there was little internal armed conflict on Minoan Crete. In the past, this condition was known as "Pax Minoica," or "The Minoan Peace." As with much of Minoan Crete, however, it is hard to draw any obvious conclusions from the evidence. One sometimes feels that the civilization is much like a Rorschach inkblot, in that intepretations often reflect more of the intepreter than the civilization itself. Many argue that there is little evidence for ancient Minoan fortifications. But as S. Alexiou has pointed out (i ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Labrys

Labrys is the term for a doubleheaded axe, known to the Classical Greeks as pelekus πέλεκυς or sagaris (the term for a single-bladed axe being hēmipelekus "half-pelekus", e.g. Il. 23.883). Representations of the labrys are on Neolithic finds of "Old Europe", and the labrys is continued in Minoan Thracian, Greek (and Byzantine) art and mythology. It also appears in African mythology (see Shango). Today, it is sometimes used as a symbol associated with female and matristic power. Labrys - Etymo ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Santorini

Santorini (Greek Σαντορίνη) is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, about 200 km south-east from the mainland of Greece (latitude: 36.40°N - longitude: 25.40°E). It is also known by the name of the largest island in the archipelago, Thira or Thera (Θήρα; see also List of traditional Greek place names). It is the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km² (28 sq mi), and in 2001 had an estimated population of 13,600. The inh ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Clay tablet

Small tablets made out of clay were used from late 4th millennium BC onwards as a writing medium in Sumerian, Mesopotamian, Hittite, and Minoan/Mycenaean civilizations. Sumerian cuneiform characters were engraved on the tables using a stylus. Later the tablets were left to dry or even fired in a kiln. Collections of these clay documents made up the very first archives. They were also at the root of first libraries. In the Minoan/Mycenean cultures writing has not been observed for any use other than accounting. Tab ...

Minoan: Encyclopedia - Aegean civilization

Aegean civilization is the general term for the prehistoric civilizations in Greece and the Aegean. It was formerly called "Mycenaean" because its existence was first brought to popular notice by Heinrich Schliemann's excavations at Mycenae starting in 1876. However, subsequent discoveries have made it clear that Mycenae was not the chief center of Aegean civilization in its earlier stages (or perhaps at any period), and accordingly it is more usual now to use the more general geographical title. Aegean civilization - Di ...

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Aegean civilization - Distinctive features

Aegean civilization - History of Aegean Civilization

Minoan: Encyclopedia - Caphtor

Caphtor is the land of the Biblical Caphtorim (Egyptian Keftiu, Mari Kaptara), said in Gen. 10 to descend from Ham's son Mizraim (Egypt). It has been etymologically linked to Cyprus while other suggestions identify it variously as Crete, and the nearby coasts of Anatolia. By some accounts, both Cyprus and Crete together were known as "the isles of the Caphtorim", and perhaps of significance is the fact that the earliest Minoan script used on Crete seems to have been hieroglyphics. The name is found written in hieroglyphics in the temple of Kom Ombo in Upper Egypt ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Britomartis

In Greek mythology, Britomartis ("sweet maid", "good maiden", "sweet virgin") was a nymph (an Oread) also known as Aphaea and Diktynna. Britomartis was worshipped as the Minoan goddess of mountains and hunting. She was also associated with Potnia and Artemis. Britomartis - Biography. Britomartis was a daughter of Carme, the daughter of Euboulos, by Zeus. She was pursued by Minos and threw herself into nets to escape him. Artemis made her a goddess (here named Diktynna), patron of mountains, shores, nets and ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Grotto

A Grotto, when it is not an artificial garden feature, is a small cave, usually near water and often flooded or liable to flood at high tide. The Grotta Azzura at Capri and the grotto of the villa of Tiberius in the Bay of Naples are outstanding natural seashore grottoes. Tiberius filled his grotto with sculptures to recreate a mythological setting, perhaps Polyphemus' cave in the Odyssey. The numinous quality of the grotto is more ancient, of course. In a grotto near Knossos in Crete, Eileithyia had been venerated even before Minoan palace-building, and farther back the grotto ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Beehive tomb

Beehive tombs, also known as Tholos tombs (plural tholoi), are a style of Mycenaean chamber tomb from the Bronze Age. Beehive tombs developed from Mycenaean shaft tombs, which first appear around 1600 BC. After about 1500 BC, beehive tombs became more widespread. They were built as corbelled arches, layers of stone and dirt placed closer together as the arch tapers toward the top of the tomb. This style is probably an influence from Minoan tombs. Each tomb usually contains more than one person, in various places i ...

Minoan: Encyclopedia - Golden calf

In the Hebrew Bible, the golden calf (עגל הזהב) was an idol made by Aaron for the Israelites during Moses' unexpectedly long absence. In Hebrew, the incident is known as "Chet ha'Egel" (חטא העגל) or "The Sin of the Calf". It is first mentioned in Exodus 32:4. Among the Hebrews' neighbors in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, the Aurochs, the wild bull, was widely worshipped, often as the Lunar Bull and as El. Its Minoan manife ...

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Golden calf - Aaron's Statement

Minoan: Encyclopedia - Crocus

See text. See Chrocus for the Alamannic leader. Crocus (plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of perennial flowering plants that grows from a corm, growing naturally from the Aegean (where crocuses appear in Minoan frescos at Santorini), across Central Asia. As one of the first flowers to bloom in the spring, the large hybridized and selected "Dutch crocus" are popular with gardeners. However, in areas in which snow and frost occasionally occur in the early spring one has to plant them c ...

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Crocus - Species

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - A Study of History

A Study of History is the 12-volume magnum opus of British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, finished in 1961. It is the longest written work ever composed in the English language. In it he traces the birth, growth and decay of some 21 to 23 major civilizations in the world. These are: Egyptian, Andean, Sinic, Minoan, Sumeric, Mayan , Indic, Hittite, Hellenic, Western, Orthodox Christian (Russia), Far Eastern (Korea/Japan), Orthodox Christian (main body), Far Eastern (main body), Iranic, Arabic, Hindu, Mexic, Yucatec, and Bab ...

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A Study of History - Links

Minoan: Encyclopedia - Typhon

Typhon (Typhaon, Typhoeus, Typhus), in Greek mythology, was the final son of Gaia, this time with Tartarus, the offspring of the Earth and the cavernous void beneath: But when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bare her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite. —Hesiod, Theogony 820-868. The Homeric Hymn to Apollo makes the monster Typhaon at Delphi a son of archaic Hera in her Minoan f ...

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Typhon - Other media

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Bendis

Bendis was a Thracian goddess of the hunt whom the Greeks identified with Artemis, and hence with the other two aspects of the former Minoan Triple Goddess, Hecate and Persephone. She was a huntress, like Artemis, but was accompanied by dancing satyrs and maenads on a 5th Century red-figure stemless cup (at Verona). More than Olympian Artemis, Bendis remained a night-goddess, which linked her with Hecate . Her cult was introduced into Attica by immigrant Thracian residents, and became so popular that in Plato's time (ca. 430 BC ...

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Minoan: Encyclopedia - Arthur Evans

Sir Arthur John Evans (July 8, 1851 – July 11, 1941) was an English archaeologist. Evans uncovered the civilization he dubbed "Minoan," which had been a dim mythic memory. He was the son of Sir John Evans (archaeologist), a paper manufacturer and amateur archaeologist of Welsh descent. Educated at Harrow and Brasenose College, Oxford and the University of Göttingen and having inherited his father's interest in archaeology, Arthur was curator of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford 1884–1908. Evans' special interest was the ...

Minoan: Encyclopedia - Cybele

Originally a Phrygian goddess, Cybele (Greek Κυβέλη, sometimes given the etymology "she of the hair" if her name is Greek, not Phrygian, but more widely considered of Luwian origin, from Kubaba; Roman equivalent: Magna Mater or "Great Mother") was a manifestation of the Earth Mother goddess who was worshipped in Anatolia from Neolithic times. Like Gaia or her Minoan equivalent Rhea, Cybele embodies the fertile earth, a goddess of caverns and mountains, walls and fortresses, nature, wild animals (especially lions and bees) ...

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Cybele - Cult history

Cybele - Notes

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Minoan: Encyclopedia II - Minoan civilization - Art

The great collection of Minoan art is in the museum at Heraklion, near Knossos on the north shore of Crete. Minoan art, with other remains of material culture especially the sequence of ceramic styles, has defined the three phases of Minoan culture defined by archaeologists, each phase with its defining character. The first, Early Minoan phase (EMI, EMII and EMIII) rose out of local Neolithic culture about 2500 BC and lasted until about 2300 BC. The Middle Minoan culture (MMI, MMII and MMIII) lasted from about 2150 BC to 1700 BC. The ...

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