The word "minimalism" was first used in relation to music in 1968 by Michael Nyman in a review of Cornelius Cardew's piece The Great Digest. Nyman later expanded his definition of minimalism in music in his 1974 book Experimental Music: Cage and Beyond. Tom Johnson, one of the few composers to self-identify as minimalist, also claims to have been first to use the word as new music critic for the Village Voice. He describes "minimalism" (1989, p. 5): "The idea of minimalism is much larger than most people realize. I ...

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Minimalist music, Minimalist music - Brief history, Minimalist music - Minimalist style in music, Minimalist music - Critical reception of minimalism, Minimalist music - Criticisms of minimalism, Minimalist music - Critical supporters of minimalism, Minimalist music - Minimalist composers, Minimalist music - Rock bands influenced by minimalism, Minimalist music - Sources

Read more here: » Minimalist music: Encyclopedia II - Minimalist music - Brief history

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Philip Glass, Philip Glass - Life and Work, Philip Glass - Beginnings education and influences, Philip Glass - Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts, Philip Glass - The Portrait Trilogy: Einstein on the Beach Sathyagraha and Akhnaten, Philip Glass - Theatre music: Glass and Samuel Beckett, Philip Glass - Postminimalism: From the Violin Concerto to the Symphony No.3, Philip Glass - Music for Piano: Metamorphosis and the Etudes, Philip Glass - A second opera triptych: Orphée La Belle et la Bête and Les Enfants Terribles, Philip Glass - Influences and connections, Philip Glass - Music for film, Philip Glass - New Directions: Symphonies Chamber Operas and Concertos, Philip Glass - Recent works: Waiting for the Barbarians and the Symphony No.8, Philip Glass - Works, Philip Glass - Works for the Philip Glass Ensemble, Philip Glass - Operas, Philip Glass - Chamber operas music theatre, Philip Glass - Works for solo piano, Philip Glass - Works for two pianos, Philip Glass - Chamber music, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments, Philip Glass - Symphonies, Philip Glass - Other works for orchestra with chorus and voices, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments and orchestra Concertos etc., Philip Glass - Vocal works, Philip Glass - Works for chorus, Philip Glass - Works for organ, Philip Glass - Other Works, Philip Glass - Film scores, Philip Glass - Selected discography, Philip Glass - Minimalist works, Philip Glass - For piano, Philip Glass - Concertos symphonies etc., Philip Glass - Chamber Music and Albums with other Musicians, Philip Glass - Operas

Read more here: » Philip Glass: Encyclopedia II - Philip Glass - Life and Work

In the broadest sense, contemporary music is any music being written in the present day. In the context of classical music the term applies to music written in the last half century or so, particularly works post-1960. The argument over whether the term applies to music in any style, or whether it applies only to composers writing avant-garde music, or "modernist" music is a subject of hot debate. There is some use of "Contemporary" as a synonym for "Modern", particularly in academic settings, whereas others are more restrictive and a ...

Including:

Contemporary classical music - History Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music
Contemporary classical music - Modernism Contemporary classical music - Post-modernism Contemporary classical music - Experimentalism Contemporary classical music - Electronic music Contemporary classical music - Neo-Romanticism Contemporary classical music - New Complexity
Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music festivals Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music and cinema

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Philip Glass - Works for the Philip Glass Ensemble. 600 Lines (1967) Music in Fifths (1969) Music in Similar Motion (1969) Music with Changing Parts (1970, recorded 1973) Music in Twelve Parts (1971-1974) North Star (1977) Dance (1979, with Lucinda Childs and Sol LeWitt) Glassworks (198 ...

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Philip Glass, Philip Glass - Life and Work, Philip Glass - Beginnings education and influences, Philip Glass - Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts, Philip Glass - The Portrait Trilogy: Einstein on the Beach Sathyagraha and Akhnaten, Philip Glass - Theatre music: Glass and Samuel Beckett, Philip Glass - Postminimalism: From the Violin Concerto to the Symphony No.3, Philip Glass - Music for Piano: Metamorphosis and the Etudes, Philip Glass - A second opera triptych: Orphée La Belle et la Bête and Les Enfants Terribles, Philip Glass - Influences and connections, Philip Glass - Music for film, Philip Glass - New Directions: Symphonies Chamber Operas and Concertos, Philip Glass - Recent works: Waiting for the Barbarians and the Symphony No.8, Philip Glass - Works, Philip Glass - Works for the Philip Glass Ensemble, Philip Glass - Operas, Philip Glass - Chamber operas music theatre, Philip Glass - Works for solo piano, Philip Glass - Works for two pianos, Philip Glass - Chamber music, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments, Philip Glass - Symphonies, Philip Glass - Other works for orchestra with chorus and voices, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments and orchestra Concertos etc., Philip Glass - Vocal works, Philip Glass - Works for chorus, Philip Glass - Works for organ, Philip Glass - Other Works, Philip Glass - Film scores, Philip Glass - Selected discography, Philip Glass - Minimalist works, Philip Glass - For piano, Philip Glass - Concertos symphonies etc., Philip Glass - Chamber Music and Albums with other Musicians, Philip Glass - Operas

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Philip Glass - Minimalist works. Music in Twelve Parts, Parts 1&2 (Virgin, 1974) Music in Similar Motion/ Music in Fifths/ Two Pages (1994) Music in Twelve Parts (1996, new recording) Early Voice (2002) Alter Ego: Music in the shape of a Square/ Gradus/ Strung Out etc. (2002) Philip Glass - For piano. Solo Piano (Philip Glass, piano) (CBS, 1989) The Orphée Suite for piano. (Paul Barnes, piano) (Orange Mountain ...

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Philip Glass, Philip Glass - Life and Work, Philip Glass - Beginnings education and influences, Philip Glass - Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts, Philip Glass - The Portrait Trilogy: Einstein on the Beach Sathyagraha and Akhnaten, Philip Glass - Theatre music: Glass and Samuel Beckett, Philip Glass - Postminimalism: From the Violin Concerto to the Symphony No.3, Philip Glass - Music for Piano: Metamorphosis and the Etudes, Philip Glass - A second opera triptych: Orphée La Belle et la Bête and Les Enfants Terribles, Philip Glass - Influences and connections, Philip Glass - Music for film, Philip Glass - New Directions: Symphonies Chamber Operas and Concertos, Philip Glass - Recent works: Waiting for the Barbarians and the Symphony No.8, Philip Glass - Works, Philip Glass - Works for the Philip Glass Ensemble, Philip Glass - Operas, Philip Glass - Chamber operas music theatre, Philip Glass - Works for solo piano, Philip Glass - Works for two pianos, Philip Glass - Chamber music, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments, Philip Glass - Symphonies, Philip Glass - Other works for orchestra with chorus and voices, Philip Glass - Works for solo instruments and orchestra Concertos etc., Philip Glass - Vocal works, Philip Glass - Works for chorus, Philip Glass - Works for organ, Philip Glass - Other Works, Philip Glass - Film scores, Philip Glass - Selected discography, Philip Glass - Minimalist works, Philip Glass - For piano, Philip Glass - Concertos symphonies etc., Philip Glass - Chamber Music and Albums with other Musicians, Philip Glass - Operas

Read more here: » Philip Glass: Encyclopedia II - Philip Glass - Selected discography

20th century classical music, the classical music of the 20th century, was extremely diverse, beginning with the late Romantic style of Sergei Rachmaninoff and the Impressionism of Claude Debussy, and ranging to such distant sound-worlds as the complete serialism of Pierre Boulez, the simple triadic harmonies of minimalist composers such as Steve Reich, and Philip Glass, the musique concrète of Pierre Schaeffer, the microtonal music adopted by Harry Pa ...

Including:

20th century classical music - Romantic style 20th century classical music - Modernism
20th century classical music - The Second Viennese School atonality and serialism 20th century classical music - Free dissonance and experimentalism 20th century classical music - Neoclassicism
20th century classical music - Post-modern music
20th century classical music - Post-modernity's birth 20th century classical music - Minimalism
20th century classical music - Electronic music 20th century classical music - Jazz-influenced composition 20th century classical music - Other

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1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. Informally, it can also include a few years at the end of the preceding decade or the beginning of the following decade. The United States, which had become an influential global power, experienced much of the transition. While the sixties saw social activism, society became more self-absorbed in the seventies. Analyst and writer Tom Wolfe epitomized this feeling in 1976, calling the seventies th ...

Including:

1970s - Worldwide trends in the Seventies 1970s - Economy of the Seventies
1970s - Oil crisis
1970s - Social movements
1970s - Environmentalism 1970s - Feminism 1970s - Gay rights
1970s - Culture during the Seventies
1970s - Emerging social perspectives in the Seventies 1970s - The Seventies in music 1970s - The Seventies in cinema 1970s - The Seventies in television 1970s - The Seventies in literature 1970s - The Seventies in architecture 1970s - The Seventies in science and philosophy 1970s - The Seventies in sports 1970s - The Seventies in technology
1970s - National issues
1970s - In the Middle East 1970s - In Africa 1970s - In India and Pakistan 1970s - In Southeast Asia 1970s - In Japan 1970s - In the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc 1970s - In the United States 1970s - In the United Kingdom

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Main article: Modernism Modernism is the name given to a series of movements (See Modernism) arising out of the idea that the 20th century presented a new basis for society and activity, and therefore art should adopt this new basis, however construed, as the fundamental of aesthetics. Modernism took the progressive spirit of the late 19th century, its love of rigor and of technical advancement, and unhinged it from the norms and forms of late 19th century art. To take one example, architect Frank Lloyd Wright did his drafting ...

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20th century classical music, 20th century classical music - Romantic style, 20th century classical music - Modernism, 20th century classical music - The Second Viennese School atonality and serialism, 20th century classical music - Free dissonance and experimentalism, 20th century classical music - Neoclassicism, 20th century classical music - Post-modern music, 20th century classical music - Post-modernity's birth, 20th century classical music - Minimalism, 20th century classical music - Electronic music, 20th century classical music - Jazz-influenced composition, 20th century classical music - Other

Read more here: » 20th century classical music: Encyclopedia II - 20th century classical music - Modernism

A minimalist painting, for example, will typically use a limited number of colors, and have a simple geometric design. Minimalist sculpture on the other hand is greatly focused on the materials (see David Smith and Donald Judd). While many believe minimalism to be a movement specific to geometric representations, it extends far outside this constraint. There were three notable phases of the minimalist movement: First the distillation of the forms wherein the greatest contributors were probably the Russian Constructivists and th ...

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Minimalism, Minimalism - Minimalism in visual art, Minimalism - Musical minimalism, Minimalism - Minimalist design, Minimalism - Literary minimalism, Minimalism - Minimalism in philosophy

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While Reich was born in New York, his childhood years were split between divorced parents in New York and California. He was given piano lessons as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure to music written before 1750 or after 1900. At the age of 14 he began to study music in earnest, after hearing music from the Baroque period and earlier as well as music of the 20th century, and began studying drums with Roland Koloff in order to play jazz. His college years were spent at Cornell, where he took ...

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Steve Reich, Steve Reich - Early life and work, Steve Reich - Process music and Minimalism, Steve Reich - The 1970s, Steve Reich - The 1980s, Steve Reich - New directions, Steve Reich - Influence, Steve Reich - Reich on himself, Steve Reich - Works, Steve Reich - Selected Discography

Read more here: » Steve Reich: Encyclopedia II - Steve Reich - Early life and work

Contemporary classical music - Modernism. Main article: Modernism (music) Many of the key figures of the high modern movement are alive, or only recently deceased and there is also still an extremely active core of composers, performers and listeners who continue to advance the ideas and forms of Modernism. Elliot Carter is still active, for example, as is Lukas Foss. While high modernist schools of composing, such as serialism are no longer as rhetorically central, the contemporary period is beginning the process of sorti ...

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Contemporary classical music, Contemporary classical music - History, Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music, Contemporary classical music - Modernism, Contemporary classical music - Post-modernism, Contemporary classical music - Experimentalism, Contemporary classical music - Electronic music, Contemporary classical music - Neo-Romanticism, Contemporary classical music - New Complexity, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music festivals, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music and cinema, Contemporary classical music - See Also:

Read more here: » Contemporary classical music: Encyclopedia II - Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music

1970s - Emerging social perspectives in the Seventies. In the wake of the 1960s many of the social dimenisions and perspectives towards issues were increasingly seen in liberal perspectives. Universities became more friendly and less authoritative towards students. This was reflected in the corporate culture of the 1970s, where the hierarchy between supervisor and subordinates became increasingly flat. This had influence in social interaction and family relationship as well. The nuclear family rose to prominence ...

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1970s, 1970s - Worldwide trends in the Seventies, 1970s - Economy of the Seventies, 1970s - Oil crisis, 1970s - Social movements, 1970s - Environmentalism, 1970s - Feminism, 1970s - Gay rights, 1970s - Culture during the Seventies, 1970s - Emerging social perspectives in the Seventies, 1970s - The Seventies in music, 1970s - The Seventies in cinema, 1970s - The Seventies in television, 1970s - The Seventies in literature, 1970s - The Seventies in architecture, 1970s - The Seventies in science and philosophy, 1970s - The Seventies in sports, 1970s - The Seventies in technology, 1970s - National issues, 1970s - In the Middle East, 1970s - In Africa, 1970s - In India and Pakistan, 1970s - In Southeast Asia, 1970s - In Japan, 1970s - In the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, 1970s - In the United States, 1970s - In the United Kingdom

Read more here: » 1970s: Encyclopedia II - 1970s - Culture during the Seventies

Contemporary classical music - Modernism. Main article: Modernism (music) Many of the key figures of the high modern movement are alive, or only recently deceased and there is also still an extremely active core of composers, performers and listeners who continue to advance the ideas and forms of Modernism. Elliot Carter is still active, for example, as is Lukas Foss. While high modernist schools of composing, such as serialism are no longer as rhetorically central, the contemporary period is beginning the process of sorti ...

See also:

Contemporary classical music, Contemporary classical music - History, Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music, Contemporary classical music - Modernism, Contemporary classical music - Post-modernism, Contemporary classical music - Experimentalism, Contemporary classical music - Electronic music, Contemporary classical music - Neo-Romanticism, Contemporary classical music - New Complexity, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music festivals, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music and cinema

Read more here: » Contemporary classical music: Encyclopedia II - Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music

Literary minimalism is characterized by an economy with words. Minimalist authors eschew adverbs and prefer allowing context to dictate meaning. Readers are expected to take an active role in the creation of a story, to "choose sides" based on oblique hints and innuendo, rather than reacting to directions from the author. The characters in minimalist stories and novels tend to be unexceptional; they're average people who sell pool supplies or coach second tier athletic teams, not famous detectives or the fabulously wealthy. General ...

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Minimalism, Minimalism - Minimalism in visual art, Minimalism - Musical minimalism, Minimalism - Minimalist design, Minimalism - Literary minimalism, Minimalism - Minimalism in philosophy

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In the early part of the 20th century contemporary music included modernism, the twelve tone technique, atonality, unresolved and greater amounts of dissonance, rhythmic complexity and neoclassicism. In the '50s contemporary music generally meant serialism, in the '60s serialism, indeterminacy, electronic music including computer music, mixed media, performance art, and fluxus, and since then minimal music, post-minimalism, and all of the above. Since the 1970s there has been increasing stylistic variety, with far too many schools to ...

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Contemporary classical music, Contemporary classical music - History, Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music, Contemporary classical music - Modernism, Contemporary classical music - Post-modernism, Contemporary classical music - Experimentalism, Contemporary classical music - Electronic music, Contemporary classical music - Neo-Romanticism, Contemporary classical music - New Complexity, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music festivals, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music and cinema

Read more here: » Contemporary classical music: Encyclopedia II - Contemporary classical music - History

1970s - In the Middle East. Political authoritarianism in Arab and Middle Eastern states, combined with the occupation of the West Bank by Israel, led to a major increase in terrorism. The Palestinian terror group Black September was involved in plane hijackings and a deadly hostage incident at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. In 1975, tensions between Maronite Christian and Muslim factions in Lebanon brought that country to civil war, which ...

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1970s, 1970s - Worldwide trends in the Seventies, 1970s - Economy of the Seventies, 1970s - Oil crisis, 1970s - Social movements, 1970s - Environmentalism, 1970s - Feminism, 1970s - Gay rights, 1970s - Culture during the Seventies, 1970s - Emerging social perspectives in the Seventies, 1970s - The Seventies in music, 1970s - The Seventies in cinema, 1970s - The Seventies in television, 1970s - The Seventies in literature, 1970s - The Seventies in architecture, 1970s - The Seventies in science and philosophy, 1970s - The Seventies in sports, 1970s - The Seventies in technology, 1970s - National issues, 1970s - In the Middle East, 1970s - In Africa, 1970s - In India and Pakistan, 1970s - In Southeast Asia, 1970s - In Japan, 1970s - In the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, 1970s - In the United States, 1970s - In the United Kingdom

Read more here: » 1970s: Encyclopedia II - 1970s - National issues

In the early part of the 20th century contemporary music included modernism, the twelve tone technique, atonality, unresolved and greater amounts of dissonance, rhythmic complexity and neoclassicism. In the '50s contemporary music generally meant serialism, in the '60s serialism, indeterminacy, electronic music including computer music, mixed media, performance art, and fluxus, and since then minimal music, post-minimalism, and all of the above. Since the 1970s there has been increasing stylistic variety, with far too many schools to ...

See also:

Contemporary classical music, Contemporary classical music - History, Contemporary classical music - Movements in contemporary music, Contemporary classical music - Modernism, Contemporary classical music - Post-modernism, Contemporary classical music - Experimentalism, Contemporary classical music - Electronic music, Contemporary classical music - Neo-Romanticism, Contemporary classical music - New Complexity, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music festivals, Contemporary classical music - Contemporary music and cinema, Contemporary classical music - See Also:

Read more here: » Contemporary classical music: Encyclopedia II - Contemporary classical music - History

Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of political themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. Tehillim (1981), Hebrew for psalms, is the first of Reich's works to draw on his Jewish background. The work is in four parts, scored for an ensemble of four women's voices (one high soprano, two lyric sopranos and one alto), piccolo, flute, oboe, english horn, two clarinets, six percussion (playing small tuned tambourines without jingles, clapping, maracas, marimba, vibraphone and crotales) ...

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Steve Reich, Steve Reich - Early life and work, Steve Reich - Process music and Minimalism, Steve Reich - The 1970s, Steve Reich - The 1980s, Steve Reich - New directions, Steve Reich - Influence, Steve Reich - Reich on himself, Steve Reich - Works, Steve Reich - Selected Discography

Read more here: » Steve Reich: Encyclopedia II - Steve Reich - The 1980s

Reich's style of composition has influenced many other composers and musical groups, including Philip Glass (especially his early pieces), John Adams, the rock band King Crimson, the art-pop and electronic musician Brian Eno, the composers associated with the Bang on a Can festival (including David Lang and Julia Wolfe), and indie rock musician Sufjan Stevens. His music has also been a source of inspiration to ambient and techno musicians. A melodic line from his 1987 work Electric Counterpoint was used by The Orb in their 1991 hit "L ...

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Steve Reich, Steve Reich - Early life and work, Steve Reich - Process music and Minimalism, Steve Reich - The 1970s, Steve Reich - The 1980s, Steve Reich - New directions, Steve Reich - Influence, Steve Reich - Reich on himself, Steve Reich - Works, Steve Reich - Selected Discography

Read more here: » Steve Reich: Encyclopedia II - Steve Reich - Influence

In 1993, Reich collaborated with his wife, the video artist Beryl Korot, on an opera, The Cave, which explores the roots of Judaism, Christianity and Islam through the words of Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans, echoed musically by the ensemble. The work, for percussion, voices, and strings, is a musical documentary, named for the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, where a mosque now stands and Abraham is said to have been buried. The two collaborated again on the opera Three Tales, which concerns the Hindenburg disaster, ...

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Steve Reich, Steve Reich - Early life and work, Steve Reich - Process music and Minimalism, Steve Reich - The 1970s, Steve Reich - The 1980s, Steve Reich - New directions, Steve Reich - Influence, Steve Reich - Reich on himself, Steve Reich - Works, Steve Reich - Selected Discography

Read more here: » Steve Reich: Encyclopedia II - Steve Reich - New directions