mineralization

Definition and meaning of mineralization:

mineralization - the process in which organic compounds (e.g., dead plant or animal materials) are converted to inorganic compounds

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

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This is a sitemap for Oceanography - M . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

maa, mac, macerate, macro, macroalgae, macrobenthos, macroevolution, macrofauna, macrofauna or macroflora, macrogamete, macroinvertebrate, macromolecule, macronutrient, macrophage, macrosmatic, macrotidal, macula, madden julian oscillation, madison/swanson and steamboat lumps marine reserves, madreporite, magenta, magma, magmatic hotspot, magnetic north, mailing list, maillist, maitotoxin, major histocompatibility complex, makatea, malacology, malacostraca, malar, malthusian law, mammalia, mammalian dive reflex, mammalogy, mandible, mangal, mangrove, mangrove nursery area, manta tow technique, mantle, mantle cavity, manubrium, marae, maramp, mareano, mareogram, marepac, marianas archipelago reef assessment and monitoring program, mariculture, marine aquarium council, marine debris, marine iguana, marine insects, marine lake, marine life conservation district, marine managed area, marine protected area, marine protected areas, marine protection, marine reserve, marine resources pacific consortium, marine sanctuary, marine snow, maritime climate, marker gene, marl, marsh, marsupium, mascarene plateau, mass coral bleaching, mass extinction, mass spawning, mass spectrometer, mass spectrometry, massive, massive colony, maternal inheritence, maternal mrna, maxilla, maxilliped, maximal food chain, maximum monthly mean sst climatology, maximum sustainable yield, mb, mch, mean, mean high tide, mean low tide, mean sea level, meandroid colony, meandroid form, measuring the snout length of a fish., mechanoreceptor, median, median fin, medusa, medusa bud, medusoid, megabase, megabyte, megafauna, megalops larva, megasclere, meio-, meiobenthos, meiofauna or meioflora, meiosis, melanesia, melanic, melanin, melanistic, melanocyte, melanophore, melon, membrane filter, memorandum of understanding, mendelian inheritance, mendelian population, mendel's laws of heredity, menisciform, meristic, mermaid's purse, meroblastic cleavage, meroplankton, merotrichous, mesenchyme, mesenteric filament, mesentery, meso-, mesocosm, mesoderm, mesoglea, mesohyle, mesolamella, mesolecithal, mesotidal, mesozoic, messenger rna, metabolic gas, metabolic pathway, metabolism, metabolite, metadata, metagamy, metagenesis, metamere, metamerism, metamorphic rock, metamorphosis, metanauplius larva, metanephridium, metanephros, metapopulation, metazoa, metecdysis, meteorology, meter, methane, methane hydrate, method, metric system, mhc, microarray, microatoll, microbe, microbenthos, microbial loop, microbiology, microbiota, microclimate, microdictyon, microecology, microenvironment, microevolution, microfauna, microfauna or microflora, microflora, microhabitat, micrometer, micron, micronesia, micronutrient, micropyle, microsatellites, microsclere, microsmatic, microtidal, microtubule, microwave, microvillus, midlittoral zone, midocean ridge, migration, milliammeter, millipore filter, milt, mimicry, minamata disease, mineral accretion, mineral deposit, mineralization, mini-atoll, minimum viable population, minisatellites, minor outlying islands, misspelling, mitigation, mitigation plan, mitochondrial dna, mitochondrial genome, mitochondrial rna, mitochondrion, mitogen, mitosis, mitotic spindle, mixed layer, mixed zone, mjo, mlcd, mma, mmm, mode, model, modern synthesis, modifier gene, moiety, molar, molar solution, molariform, mole, molecular biology, molecular clock, molecular clock hypothesis, molecular genetics, molecular phylogeny, molecular weight, molecule, mollusca, molt, monaxon, monera, moniliform, monitoring, monk seal, mono-, monocarpic, monoecious, monofilament, monogamy, monomer, monomorphic, monopectinate gill, monophagous, monophyletic group, monopodial growth, monosaccharide, monotype, monsoon, montastraea, montiform, montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, moorish idol, moray eel, morbidity, morgan, morph, morphogenesis, morphological species, morphology, morphometric character, morphospecies, morula, mosaic evolution, mosaic teeth, motile, motu, mou, mound, mouth brooder, mouthparts, mpa, mpa network, mprsa, mrna, mss, mtdna, mtrna, muciferous, mucocyte, mucophagy, mucus, mucus cell, mud, mud flat, mullerian mimicry, multibeam sonar, multicellular, multienzyme, multimedia, multimodal distribution, multiple use mpa, multispectral scanner, multivariate, multivariate analysis of variance, multivariate community analyses, municipal discharge, municipal sewage, muon, mutagen, mutation, muton, mutualism, mvp, mya, mycelium, mycobacteriosis, mycophage, mycosporine-like amino acids, myocin, myoepithelial cell, myoglobin, myotome, mytiliform, myxopterygium,

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Read more here: » Oceanography Sitemap I - M

The Canadian Shield is a large craton in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States, composed of bare rock dating to the Precambrian Era (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago). It is also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, or Laurentian Plateau. Canadian Shield - Regional extent. Other than the Greenland section, the Shield is approximately circular, with Hudson Bay in the middle. It covers much of Greenland; Labrador; most of Q ...

Including:

• Canadian Shield - Regional extent
• Canadian Shield - Geology
• Canadian Shield - Mining and economics

Read more here: » Canadian Shield: Encyclopedia - Canadian Shield

Vegetarian nutrition is a subject of importance to both vegetarians and dietitians. According to the American Dietetic Association (ADA), American Heart Association, National Institutes of Health, British Medical Association and the Mayo Clinic, vegetarian diets offer a number of health benefits compared to non-vegetarian diets. As an example, vegetarians tend to have lower body mass indices, lower levels of cholesterol, lower blood pressure, and less incidence of heart disease, hypertension, some forms of cancer, type 2 diabetes, renal disease, osteoporosis, dementias such as Alzheime ...

Including:

• Vegetarian nutrition - Protein
• Vegetarian nutrition - Combining Proteins
• Vegetarian nutrition - Iron
• Vegetarian nutrition - Zinc
• Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin B₁₂
• Vegetarian nutrition - Omega-3 fatty acids
• Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin D
• Vegetarian nutrition - Iodine
• Vegetarian nutrition - Diet and stamina

Read more here: » Vegetarian nutrition: Encyclopedia - Vegetarian nutrition

Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfo ...

Including:

• Bacteria - History and taxonomy
• Bacteria - Metabolism
• Bacteria - Movement
• Bacteria - Groups and identification
• Bacteria - Benefits and dangers
• Bacteria - Miscellaneous
• Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia - Bacteria

Calcitonin is a a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the C cells of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. Calcitonin - Synthesis. It is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a larger prepropeptide which is the product of the CALC1 gene, which itself is part of a superfamily of related protein hormone precusors including Islet Amyloid Precursor Protein, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and the precursor of Adrenomedullin.

Bacteria are both harmful and useful to the environment, and animals, including humans. The role of bacteria in disease and infection is important. Some bacteria act as pathogens and cause tetanus, typhoid fever, pneumonia, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy, and tuberculosis. Sepsis, a systemic infectious syndrome characterized by shock and massive vasodilation, or localized infection, can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, or many gram-negative bacteria. Some bacterial infections can sprea ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Benefits and dangers

Other than the Greenland section, the Shield is approximately circular, with Hudson Bay in the middle. It covers much of Greenland; Labrador; most of Quebec north of the St. Lawrence River; much of Ontario outside the southern peninsula between the Great Lakes; the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York; parts of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; the central portion of Manitoba away from Hudson Bay and the Great Plains; northern Saskatchewan; a small portion of north-eastern Alberta; and the mainland northern Canadian territories to the ...

See also:

Canadian Shield, Canadian Shield - Regional extent, Canadian Shield - Geology, Canadian Shield - Mining and economics

Read more here: » Canadian Shield: Encyclopedia II - Canadian Shield - Regional extent

The typical vegetarian and vegan gets adequate protein if caloric intake is adequate and a variety of foods are eaten. However, a typical vegetarian gets less protein than the typical non-vegetarian. This is generally considered a benefit for two main reasons: Due to excess protein intake, people in affluent societies commonly lose about 30 percent of their kidney function by the time they reach their 80s (J Gerentol 31:155, 1976). The amount of protein typically consumed in the American diet, 12% to 15% protein, is probably a p ...

See also:

Vegetarian nutrition, Vegetarian nutrition - Protein, Vegetarian nutrition - Combining Proteins, Vegetarian nutrition - Iron, Vegetarian nutrition - Zinc, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin B₁₂, Vegetarian nutrition - Omega-3 fatty acids, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin D, Vegetarian nutrition - Iodine, Vegetarian nutrition - Diet and stamina

Read more here: » Vegetarian nutrition: Encyclopedia II - Vegetarian nutrition - Protein

The hormone participates in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and it was found in fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Most evidence points to that Calcitonin is not of physiological importance to humans, except for it's pharmacological use (see below). Specifically, calcitonin reduces blood calcium levels in three ways: decreasing calcium absorption by the intestines decreasing osteoclast activity in bones decreasing calcium and phosphate ...

See also:

Calcitonin, Calcitonin - Synthesis, Calcitonin - Physiology, Calcitonin - Pharmacology, Calcitonin - History, Calcitonin - Reference

Read more here: » Calcitonin: Encyclopedia II - Calcitonin - Physiology

Bacteria show a wide variety of different metabolisms and can accordingly be classified into primary nutritional groups. The most common division is between heterotrophs, which depend on an organic source of carbon, and autotrophs, which are able to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. Autotrophs that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds are called chemotrophs, and those that obtain their energy from light, via photosynthesis, are called phototrophs. There are many variations on this terminology such as chemoa ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Metabolism

Motile bacteria can move about, either using flagella, bacterial gliding, or changes of buoyancy. A unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, have structures similar to flagella, called axial filaments, between two membranes in the periplasmic space. They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves. Bacterial flagella are arranged in many different ways. Bacteria can have a single polar flagellum at one end of a cell, clusters of many flagella at one end or flagella scattered all over the cell, as with Pe ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Movement

Dr Per-Olaf Astrand conducted an informal study of diet and endurance using nine highly-trained athletes, changing their diet every three days. At the end of every diet change, each athlete would pedal a bicycle until exhaustion. Those with a high protein and high fat meat (carnivore) diet averaged 57 minutes. Those that consumed a mixed (omnivore) diet, lower in meat, fat and protein averaged 1 hour 54 minutes, twice the endurance of the meat and fat eaters. The vegetarian, high carbohydrate diet athletes lasted 2 hours and 47 minutes, triple the endurance of the high-protein group (source: ...

See also:

Vegetarian nutrition, Vegetarian nutrition - Protein, Vegetarian nutrition - Combining Proteins, Vegetarian nutrition - Iron, Vegetarian nutrition - Zinc, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin B₁₂, Vegetarian nutrition - Omega-3 fatty acids, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin D, Vegetarian nutrition - Iodine, Vegetarian nutrition - Diet and stamina

Read more here: » Vegetarian nutrition: Encyclopedia II - Vegetarian nutrition - Diet and stamina

The first bacteria were observed by Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1683 using a single-lens microscope of his own design. The name bacterium was introduced much later, by Ehrenberg in 1828, derived from the Greek word βακτηριον meaning "small stick". Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and Robert Koch (1843-1910) described the role of bacteria as conveyors and causes of disease or pathogens. ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - History and taxonomy

Motile bacteria can move about, either using flagella, bacterial gliding, or changes of buoyancy. A unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, have structures similar to flagella, called axial filaments, between two membranes in the periplasmic space. They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves. Bacterial flagella are arranged in many different ways. Bacteria can have a single polar flagellum at one end of a cell, clusters of many flagella at one end or flagella scattered all over the cell, as with Pe ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Movement

Two organelles, mitochondria and chloroplasts, are generally believed to have been derived from endosymbiotic bacteria. Microorganisms are widely distributed and are most abundant where they have food, moisture, and the right temperature for their multiplication and growth. They can be carried by air currents from one place to another. The human body is home to billions of microorganisms; they can be found on skin surfaces, in the intestinal tract, in the mouth, nose, and other body openings. They are in the air one breathes, th ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Miscellaneous

Bacteria come in a variety of different shapes. Most are rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, or helix-shaped; these are respectively referred to as bacilli, cocci, and spirilla. An additional group, vibrios, are comma-shaped. Shape is no longer considered a defining factor in the classification of bacteria, but many genera are named for their shape (e.g. Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Groups and identification

Whilst very rare, some vegetarians (and some non-vegetarians), especially those who eschew iodized salt, do not get enough iodine (source: WebMD/MSN Health). Two groups who often minimize salt intake are naturalists and those fearful of the fact that excessive salt contributes to hypertension. Both groups are commonly thought of as people who adopt a vegetarian diet. A good iodine source are sea vegetables, but many people, vegetarian and non-vegetarian alike, eat few or no sea vegetables. Some vegetarians and a few meat-eaters are further at risk due to eating too much soy or other foods containing goitrogens; goitroge ...

See also:

Vegetarian nutrition, Vegetarian nutrition - Protein, Vegetarian nutrition - Combining Proteins, Vegetarian nutrition - Iron, Vegetarian nutrition - Zinc, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin B₁₂, Vegetarian nutrition - Omega-3 fatty acids, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin D, Vegetarian nutrition - Iodine, Vegetarian nutrition - Diet and stamina

Read more here: » Vegetarian nutrition: Encyclopedia II - Vegetarian nutrition - Iodine

Bacteria show a wide variety of different metabolisms and can accordingly be classified into primary nutritional groups. The most common division is between heterotrophs, which depend on an organic source of carbon, and autotrophs, which are able to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. Autotrophs that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds are called chemotrophs, and those that obtain their energy from light, via photosynthesis, are called phototrophs. There are many variations on this terminology such as chemoa ...

See also:

Bacteria, Bacteria - History and taxonomy, Bacteria - Reproduction, Bacteria - Metabolism, Bacteria - Movement, Bacteria - Groups and identification, Bacteria - Benefits and dangers, Bacteria - Miscellaneous, Bacteria - Sources

Read more here: » Bacteria: Encyclopedia II - Bacteria - Metabolism

The human body can synthesize Vitamin D when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Vegans who do not eat foods or pills fortified with synthetic vitamin D and with little exposure to the sun's ultraviolet radiation, eg who don't expose their extremities for at least 15-30 minutes per day or those living at latitudes close to the poles, are vulnerable to Vitamin D deficiencies. Vitamin D acts as a hormone, sending a message to the intestines to increase the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which produces strong bo ...

See also:

Vegetarian nutrition, Vegetarian nutrition - Protein, Vegetarian nutrition - Combining Proteins, Vegetarian nutrition - Iron, Vegetarian nutrition - Zinc, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin B₁₂, Vegetarian nutrition - Omega-3 fatty acids, Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin D, Vegetarian nutrition - Iodine, Vegetarian nutrition - Diet and stamina

Read more here: » Vegetarian nutrition: Encyclopedia II - Vegetarian nutrition - Vitamin D